(1), meaning: The so-called essence of education refers to the fundamental feature that education, as a social activity, is different from other social activities, that is, educational activities are social practice activities to cultivate people. It reflects the inherent stipulation of educational activities, that is, the fundamental characteristics of educational activities.

(2) Four views on the essence of education: superstructure theory; Productivity theory; Special category theory; Multiple attribute theory.

(3) The fifth viewpoint about the essence of education, the theory of consciousness substitution;

Perhaps the essence of cultural education can be summarized as: teaching new individuals ways and means to deal with objects with the knowledge we have about our objects and their relationships. It changes one consciousness with another.

This kind of consciousness is aimed at the collision, running-in, infiltration and change between consciousness, and it is a process in which one consciousness covers or even destroys another consciousness, which may cause pain to individuals.

Because any two individuals face different objects, there will be differences or conflicts in the consciousness gained from different objects, and the recipients of cultural and educational activities will have certain exclusion. In the real world, people are working for.

In order to weaken the rejection of the recipients, first, let the educational activities mainly be carried out between the young and the old. Older people (or those who get knowledge first) generally live in the position of educators, while young people lack knowledge and are like a whiteboard, so they are educated. two

It is induced by utilitarianism and other means.

For example, in ancient times, there was a call for "learning to be an excellent official", and today there is a call for educational goals such as "knowledge is wealth", so that educational activities can be carried out normally.

Cultural education changes the individual's choice direction by changing the individual's consciousness space. Through cultural education, human beings have increased the space of individual consciousness, thus finding a shortcut and teaching individuals the ways and means of choosing objects. The cultural achievements of human beings are attached to the individual's consciousness through educators, shaping new individuals and providing a perspective and microscope for the individual's future direction.