1. Zhang Jian (1853- 1926) was a modern bourgeois constitutionalist, a famous industrialist and educator. He said: "If you have a skill, you must have a teacher. This is also the universal significance of ancient and modern China and foreign countries." What about the foundation and universal education of a powerful country? "Clearly combine training teachers, setting up schools and saving the country and strengthening the country. Train more teachers and more talents for the country. He also put forward many opinions and suggestions on how to run normal schools well and encourage people to be willing to engage in education. Teachers should award imperial academy the titles of Cheng, Doctor, Assistant and so on according to their teaching achievements, so as to match the titles. Solve the immediate problems of teachers from political status to life treatment.

2. Kang Youwei (1858- 1927) is one of the advanced western truth-seeking figures in China and the main representative of the modern reformists in China. Kang Youwei attaches great importance to the role of education and believes that the strength of a country depends entirely on education. He said: "More talents make the country strong, while less talents make the country weak." . Based on this, he believes that the transformation of society must first transform education. 1998, he said in "Please abandon stereotyped writing, try to paste the template method and try to use strategic folding", "There are many ways to reform today, so don't rush to get talent; There are many ways to acquire talents, so it is better to change the imperial examination. " He believes that the main evil at that time was "people's wisdom can't be developed" and the reason for "people's wisdom can't be developed" was "the disadvantages of stereotyped writing".

3. Cai Yuanpei (1868- 1940) was an outstanding pioneer, revolutionary, thinker, educator and scientist in modern China. Cai Yuanpei was the founder of China's capitalist education system in the early 20th century. His educational practice and thoughts converge into one point, that is, bourgeois education replaces feudal education. In his view, general education should "cultivate a complete personality", that is, the education of harmonious development of body, intelligence, morality and beauty. Advocate "freedom of thought" and oppose "thousands of years of authoritarian habits." He emphasized free development and actively supported the new trend of thought. He adopted an inclusive academic democratic policy and opposed feudal cultural absolutism. Advocate the free development of individuality and oppose feudal education that goes against nature and obliterates individuality. Attach importance to women's education and oppose feudal superiority of men over women. Regardless of social criticism, he broke through many obstacles and made an exception to recruit girls in Peking University, creating a precedent for co-education in China.

4. Zhang (1869- 1936) was a bourgeois revolutionary, thinker and influential educator in modern China. Zhang attaches great importance to education and believes that education is to cultivate talents. If education does not apply, the trained talents will not apply. He argued that education must serve the revolution. He said that morality is instilled by society, not explained by words. For example, there are as many moral farmers, workers and vendors in society. And "the self-cultivation class in school is just a few ugly words", "Besides, I have no morality in teaching ethics and moral cultivation" and "I can't be a good example for students". He linked moral education with society, and at the same time explained that it was better to learn more than to carry out feudal ethics education in schools. "Today's youth should know what era people; What period is China in now? What responsibility should I have to the country? " Call on young people to gain insight into the evolution of society, economy and history at that time in order to save the nation and survive.

5. Liang Qichao (1873- 1929) was a famous politician and educator in the late Qing Dynasty. "The decline and chaos of China is due to the failure of teaching ... to survive, to waste, to be stupid and wise, to be weak and powerful. They are all organized and all belong to the school. " He once wrote "The Theory of Xinmin", arguing that "reform" must first "change people", and "changing people" must "cultivate talents", and "cultivating talents" is education. Although this proposition regards education as the key to the rise and fall of a country and the survival of a nation, and overestimates the role of education, it is desirable to attach importance to education. In "On the Purpose of Education", he pointed out that the difference between people and animals and plants lies in doing things with a purpose, and education cannot be done without a purpose. Although Kang Youwei once proposed to cultivate talents and develop people's wisdom, Liang Qichao thought that this was not enough, and education should have a correct purpose. This is his unique contribution. He thinks it is wrong to train bureaucrats and traitors who only want to be promoted and get rich. The correct purpose of education should be to cultivate new people, "to cultivate a unique nation and mission, to exist among all ethnic groups with their own ideas, not just for one's talent and wisdom." He opposed the educational purpose of individualism and put forward the idea of cultivating talents by the state, which was once brilliant at that time.

6. Chen Jiageng (1874- 196 1) is a patriotic overseas Chinese leader, a famous industrialist and an educator who has devoted all his resources to running schools. He has always believed that "money is like fertilizer, and it is only useful when it is scattered." He left no money for future generations, but he has been donating money to promote his studies. His lifetime school funding is equivalent to as much as $100 million. But he himself is very simple, and everyone who knows him is moved by it. He has worked hard for decades, widely taught and learned, trained talents, made contributions to the motherland, and gained a good reputation in Nanyang. 196 1 In August, the old man He Qiaoning wrote an inscription on Mr. Chen Jiageng's album, praising him as "a model for overseas Chinese to love their country and their hometown".

7. Zhang Boling (1876- 195 1) was a famous patriotic educator in modern China. In moral education, he attaches importance to both "great virtue" and "small virtue", especially patriotism education. When he entered Nankai as a freshman, he talked about "three changes in the national flag" to stimulate students' patriotic enthusiasm. He also stipulated a "self-examination form of students' health habits" and a "monthly table of students' life rules" for Nankai, which required comprehensive and specific measures to cultivate students' good living habits. Zhang Boling advocates integrating education into life and extracurricular activities. He said that students "not only need to learn from books, but also need extracurricular activities." The knowledge and insights gained here are much better than those in books.

8. Xu Teli (1877- 1968) was a proletarian revolutionary and an outstanding revolutionary educator. Xu Teli spent most of his life in educational activities. He is a respected and outstanding educational practitioner, and his educational thoughts are very rich. Many of his important articles are included in the Collection of Xu Teli's Education. During Yan 'an period, according to the general policy of culture and education of our party's new-democratic revolution, he proposed to study science and cultivate scientific and technological talents. "China people's liberation struggle urgently needs intellectuals". Attach importance to natural science education and the cultivation of natural science talents. Attach importance to teaching methods. He advocates that people should be given scientific methods, not simply given existing knowledge. He also pointed out: "To cultivate creative workers, we will only accept that the ready-made knowledge in books is not enough, and we need to be able to discover new knowledge. Then it is even more necessary to transform things, analyze things and synthesize things from the labor of using hands and brains in order to gain some new knowledge about things. " He advocates "flexible use of textbooks" and opposes "sanctifying textbooks so that students don't have to use their brains". If "both teachers and students become reviewers and editors of textbooks", "the achievements in learning must be amazing". In addition, he also attaches great importance to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, guiding them according to the situation, learning from each other's strengths, heuristic teaching, less but better, etc. Regarding ideological education, Xu Teli mainly talked about three aspects in his educational works: First, the education of basic viewpoints. He said: "Ideological education in ordinary schools is to implement Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism in all aspects of school curriculum and real life." Two, the content of moral education should be based on the "five loves" education, and cultivate students to love the motherland, people, labor, science and public property. Third, discipline education. He believes that we must adhere to the principle of persuasion and education and oppose corporal punishment. He pointed out that teachers themselves must have certain qualities. "Teachers should have two personalities, one is a teacher and the other is a teacher who requires teaching; One is a teacher who teaches behavior. "

This is China's modern thinker, for reference only.