Li Shen lost his father when he was very young, and his mother taught him to be upright. 15 years old, studying in Huishan. When I was young, I witnessed farmers working all day, with no food and clothing. With sympathy and indignation, I wrote two poems of "Compassion for Farmers", including the famous sentences "Everywhere is idle, farmers still starve to death" and "Who knows, every grain is hard", and I am known as a poet who sympathizes with farmers. In the twentieth year of Zhenyuan (804), Li Shen went to Beijing to take the exam again, but failed to do so and lived in seclusion. He once wrote Yingying Song for Yuan Zhen's Biography of Yingying, which brought out the best in each other and spread to future generations. In the first year of Yuanhe (806), he was a scholar, supplemented by imperial academy. After leaving for Jinling, he entered the shogunate of our ambassador Li Wei. Because of dissatisfaction with Li's rebellion, he was imprisoned. Li Wei was released after being killed and returned to Wuxi Huishan Temple to study. In four years, Yuanhe went to Chang 'an as a school bookkeeper. Together with Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi, he created the new Yuefu poetry style (known as the new Yuefu movement in history) and wrote 20 new Yuefu poems. Yuanhe rose to the right in fourteen years. Yuanhe served as a bachelor of Hanlin in fifteen years and was involved in the dispute of cronies. He is an important figure of the Li Party, and once served as an adviser to the imperial history and assistant minister of the household department. Together with Li Deyu and Yuan Zhen, they are called the three handsome men. In the fourth year of Changqing (824), the Li Party lost power and was demoted as Sima of Duanzhou (now Zhaoqing, Guangdong). During his exile, Li Shen wrote many poems to describe the arduous journey and vent his dissatisfaction. From the year of Bao Liyuan (825) to the fourth year of Taihe (830), Shen Lixian later served as the secretariat of Jiangzhou, Chuzhou and Shouzhou, and the situation improved.
In the seventh year of Taihe, Li Deyu was the prime minister and Shen Li was the secretariat of East Zhejiang. In the first year of Kaicheng (836), he served as Henan Yin (the chief executive in charge of Luoyang, the capital of East China), and was appointed as Bianzhou secretariat, Xuanwu Army, our time and observation envoy. In August of three years, I edited and prefaced three volumes of poems about my past travels. The preface of the poem describes the experience from adolescence to entering the frontier. Five years later in Huainan, he went to Beijing to pay homage, and Ren Zhongshu's lover Tong Zhongshu became an assistant minister, and later he was promoted to the right servant of Shangshu, making Zhao Guogong. Four years together. In the fourth year of Huichang (844), he resigned due to a stroke. Later, he served as our special envoy in Huainan. Huichang died of illness in Yangzhou for six years at the age of 74 and was buried in his hometown of Wuxi. Give it to Qiu and Yi Wensu. His works have been handed down to this day, including 3 volumes of Journey to the West and Miscellaneous Poems 1 volume, which are included in the Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty. There is also a song of Yingying, which is kept in the west wing.
Xu Beihong, 1895- 1953, a native of Qitingqiao, Yixing, Jiangsu. The founder of modern art in China, an outstanding painter and art educator.
Xu Beihong was born in poverty and studied poetry and calligraphy with his father Xu since childhood. 19 12 17 years old, she worked as a drawing teacher in Yixing girls' junior normal school. 19 16 entered the French Department of Fudan University in Shanghai and taught himself sketching while working. 19 17 studied Japanese art and soon returned to China as a tutor of Peking University Painting Research Association. 19 19 went to France to study, 1923 went to the National Academy of Fine Arts in Paris to study oil painting and sketch, and went to western European countries to observe and learn western art. He returned to China from 65438 to 0927, and successively served as the director of the Fine Arts Department of Shanghai Nanguo Art Institute, professor of the Art Department of Central University and dean of Peking University Art Institute. Since 1933, China's art exhibitions and solo exhibitions have been held in France, Belgium, Italy, Britain, Germany and the Soviet Union. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, charity exhibitions were held in Hongkong, Singapore and India to promote and support War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. After that, he returned to the art department of Central University to teach. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), President of Ren Zhonghua National Artists Association (now China Artists Association) and President of Central Academy of Fine Arts were the representatives of the first China People's Political Consultative Conference.
Xu Beihong's works are the fusion of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign techniques, showing superb artistic skills and extensive artistic accomplishment. It is a model of making the past serve the present and making foreign things serve China. It plays a great role in the history of China fine arts and is good at sketching, oil painting and Chinese painting. He integrated western artistic skills into Chinese painting and created a novel and unique style. His sketches and oil paintings are permeated with the charm of Chinese painting. His creative themes are extensive, and landscapes, flowers and birds, animals, people, history and myths are all lifelike. His masterpieces, such as Tian Heng 500, Mourn for Me Later, Chinese painting Jiufanggao and Gong Yu One Mountain, are full of patriotic feelings and sympathy for the working people, showing their indomitable perseverance and indomitable spirit, and expressing their anxiety about national peril and yearning for bright liberation. His frequent paintings of galloping horses, lions and morning chickens give people vitality and strength, showing an exciting positive spirit. In particular, his "Running Horse" is world-renowned, and has almost become the symbol of modern painting in China.
Xu Beihong has long been committed to art education. He discovered and united many celebrities in the art world. Among the students he trained, many have become famous artists and the backbone of China's art world. His outstanding contribution to the construction of fine arts team in China and the development of fine arts in China is unparalleled and far-reaching.
1953 On September 26th, Xu Beihong died of cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 58. According to Xu Beihong's last wish, his wife, Ms. Liao, donated more than 200 pieces of her works 1200 pieces of works by famous painters of Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and more than 000 pieces of books, picture albums and rubbings 1000 pieces to the country. The following year, Xu Beihong's former residence was turned into a memorial hall for Xu Beihong, and his works were preserved and exhibited. Premier Zhou Enlai wrote the "Former Residence of Beiping" in his own handwriting.
Formerly known as Hua, he is a folk musician. Born in the 19th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1893), a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu. After blindness. His father, Huaqing River, is the head of Leizun Hall, a Taoist temple in Sanqing Hall, Wuxi, and is good at Taoist music. Hua lost his mother when he was young and was raised by his aunt. At the age of 8, he joined his father as a Taoist in Leizuntang. I began to study in a private school for three years, and then I learned drums, flutes, erhu, pipa and other musical instruments from my father. 12 years old has been able to play a variety of musical instruments, often participating in confession, chanting, playing music and other activities. He studied hard, kept improving, widely absorbed the tunes of folk music, and broke through the shackles of Taoist music. 18 years old, known as Wuxi Daole expert.
When his father died at the age of 22, he continued to be a Taoist in Leizuntang. Later, due to carelessness in making friends, he became addicted to prostitution and drugs. At the age of 34, he went blind. In order to make a living, he took to the streets, wrote songs, rapped news and became a street performer. At the age of 40, she lived with the widow Dong Caidi. Singing in the paddock in front of Sanwanchang Teahouse in Chong'an Temple every afternoon. He dared to cut to the chase, attacked the darkness of society and attracted the audience with popular rap forms. After the 28th Incident, he wrote and sang the news of "19th Route Army Heroically Resisting the Enemy in Shanghai" and played March of the Volunteers with erhu. In the campaign against Japanese goods, he used passionate language to inspire people's patriotic enthusiasm. Many of his news sang the hearts of the masses and won the love of ordinary citizens. Every night I walk up and down the street, playing the erhu by hand and playing it while walking. The timbre is moving. It was during this period that Er Quan Ying Yue, which is well-known in the international music scene, was created. After the Japanese invaded Wuxi, A Bing and Dong Caidi took refuge in their hometown together. Soon I went to Shanghai, worked as a pianist in Kunqu Opera Banxianni Club, played the three strings and played the blind man in the movie seventh heaven. At this time, his "Listening to Songs" is a heroic and emotional erhu solo, which poured into the patriotic enthusiasm of his unwilling conquered nation. In 28 years, he returned to Xicheng and returned to his old job. He goes to the teahouse every morning to collect all kinds of news, comes back to conceive and create, and sings in front of Chong'an Temple teahouse in the afternoon; At night, I played the erhu and his "Cold Spring Breeze" in the street. His piano skills are superb. He can play the pipa on his head. He can also imitate the voices of men, women and children talking, sighing, laughing and hitting dogs with erhu. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, he was forbidden to rap news in a fixed place in Chong'an Temple. In 36 years of the Republic of China, he suffered from lung disease and vomited blood in bed. From then on, he stopped performing in the street and made a living by repairing the huqin at home.
1On July 23rd, 949, Wuxi was liberated, and A Bing and his music "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon" were reborn. /kloc-in the summer of 0/950, in order to explore, study and preserve folk music, the teachers and students of the Central Conservatory of Music entrusted Professor Yang and others to make a special trip to Wuxi to record three erhu songs, Tingsong, Cold, Big Waves for Sand, Dragon Boat and Zhaojun's Embarkation.
On February 4th, A Bing died at the age of 57.
A Bing's life is full of dramatic ups and downs. It is said that the only image he left in his life was a standard photo on the "Good Citizen's Card" during the Japanese and Puppet rule in Wuxi. In the photo, a skinny middle-aged man, wearing a pair of blind glasses and a broken felt hat, shows hardships and vicissitudes. Perhaps A Bing's fate is the reason why his music is touching. The illegitimate child of Hua was deprived of the right of affection at birth. When his biological mother reluctantly ended her life in order to resist secular discrimination, some hidden parts of the child's personality could already be seen. The teenager who has been in foster care for several years has returned to his biological father, Hua Qinghe, and his eyes may be more puzzled. I know from the information that his name is "Master" and I came to see him as a Taoist father. Hua Qingjiang, known as Xue Mei, is proficient in all kinds of musical instruments. A Bing studied hard and soon mastered the playing skills of erhu, sanxian, pipa and flute. At the moment, A Bing still thinks that he is just an orphan who is taken care of by good people. However, when he was 2 1 year old, A Bing suddenly understood his life experience before Huaqing and died.
The days that followed were also awkward. Hua, the new leader of Leizuntang in Wuxi Taoist Temple Virtual Palace, seems to be very laissez-faire, eating, drinking, gambling and even smoking opium. The absurd life brought absurd results: because syphilis invaded his eyes, he lost control of the Taoist temple. After living on the street, the tribe arranged Dong Caidi, a rural widow in Jiangyin, to take care of him. Things are so contradictory. A Bing didn't break the jar in pain and despair. In the following days, a creative folk artist who rapped about current events and entertained on the street was born again. He is the famous "A Bing the Blind". An article recalled by an eyewitness at that time said that after the Japanese army invaded Wuxi, A Bing and Dong Caidi went out to take refuge and worked as pianists playing sanxian in the Xianni Society of Kunqu Opera in Shanghai. During this period, they even played a mass role in the film "seventh heaven" filmed at that time.
A Bing composed his most touching music during his life as a busker. There are many stories in Erhu Opera "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon". I accidentally read one of them, saying that Li Songshou, a professor at Nanjing Normal University, was a neighbor of A Bing when he was a child. He liked erhu when he was a teenager, and he often got advice from A Bing on playing techniques. Later, he was admitted to the folk music department of Nanjing Art Institute. It's getting colder every day. He moved his finger outside the teacher's piano room and pulled out a piece of music that A Bing taught him. At the end of a song, a man came up and asked him what song he was playing. The teacher told him that the gentleman who asked him was Professor Yang from the Central Conservatory of Music. Li Songshou said that this piece of music was taught by a folk artist in his hometown and has no name. Yang said that this song is good. They are collecting folk music, and they want to record such good folk music with a steel wire recorder just imported from abroad. Li Songshou invited Professor Yang back to his hometown until September, when Yang, Cao An and two professors came to Wuxi. This time they brought the recording task of Wuxi Taoist music. After recording these Taoist music, Li Songshou insisted that they record A Bing's music. After playing a song, Professor Yang asked the title of the song softly, but said there was no name. Professor Yang said that you can't do without a name. You have to come up with one. A Bing went on to say that it is called "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon". Professor Yang also said that the name "Yinyue" is too heavy for Guangdong music. If it is not called "reflecting the moon", Wuxi has mountains and lakes.
On this matter, Mr. Li Songshou said in his reminiscence article:1On September 20, 950, my wife and I accompanied Yang, Cao An and two gentlemen to find and record, and the recording didn't end until 7: 30 that evening. At the time of recording, A Bing was in poor health and exhausted. The piano was also found temporarily, so the recording of "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon" was not the best. A Bing's last performance was on September 25th, 1950, the fifth day after recording, which seemed to be a literary performance of the inaugural meeting of Wuxi Stomatological Association. A Bing propped up his sick body and went out. Because he walked slowly, when he got to the venue, the performance was almost over. I helped A Bing onto the stage and sat in front of the microphone. This is the first time and the only time that A Bing has ever performed in front of a microphone. At first, A Bing played the pipa, and then someone in the audience asked A Bing to play the erhu. My wife and I told A Bing to pay attention to his health and not to play. A Bing said: "I play the piano for the villagers in Wuxi, and I am willing to die." Then he played "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon" many times. I remember people everywhere, even the windows were crowded with people. At the end of the performance, the audience applauded and cheered. A Bing took off his hat and nodded. On the third day after that performance, A Bing died.
More than 80 years ago, the piano played by A Bing, a street performer and beggar, often fluttered in the streets of Wuxi. His impromptu performance not only achieved the self-proclaimed sad song of "two springs reflecting the moon", but more importantly, he got rid of the mentality of watching the play and rose to the consciousness of sharing my destiny. Concern for the world, self-thinking and suffering make it easy for some people to compare him with Beethoven. It's not that people live a hard life, nor that the ancients said that "the day will bring great Sri Lankans", but their real behavior. A great work is a history of the soul, which reflects the reasons why people stand. What I often feel in A Bing's music is that at that moment, I can tell right from wrong. I remember a passage introducing Japanese conductor Seiji Ozawa, saying that when he first heard the song "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon", he told others with tears: "Music like this should be listened to on your knees."
Because of the recording of 1950, A Bing kept six pieces of music he composed, namely, Er Quan Ying Yue, Listening to Song, Cold Spring Breeze, Pipa, Big Waves for Sand, Dragon Boat and Zhaojun Out of the Plug, which are well known to the world today. This is a lucky thing. As a folk artist, his hard life may be just one of countless blood and tears in history. Fortunately, he had an opportunity not only to express himself with his own hands and notes, but also to infect other people's hearts with music.
[Edit this paragraph] Anecdotes
People call A Bing "three are not poor": the people are not poor (not afraid of power); Poor people are not poor (not free to eat); Poor people are not poor (honest).
In Wuxi, a landlord raped a girl of 13 years old at home. When A Bing knew about it, he immediately made up lyrics to praise it, exposing the evil deeds of the landlord, arousing public anger and scaring the landlord to flee for months without going home.
On one occasion, the Kuomintang warlord Tang please hold a birthday party for his thirteen aunts. A Bing flatly refused and was beaten, but A Bing didn't give in, made up the lyrics and played the erhu to curse.
During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese occupied Wuxi, and a man named Zhang Shijun became a traitor. When A Bing found out, he made up words to scold him and was beaten again. Later the traitor was killed by the Japanese. A Bing clapped his hands and sang A Traitor's End along the street, which won applause from Wuxi people.
[Edit this paragraph] Music works
Huishan Spring in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province is known as "the second spring in the world". Naming the music "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon" not only introduces people into the artistic conception of quiet night, clear spring and Leng Yue, but also makes people seem to see Bi Quan, an upright and tenacious blind artist, when he tells people about his bumpy life.
Followed by a brief introduction, the melody goes from the top sound to the horn sound, then ends with the horn sound, and finally ends with the gong sound. This is a microwave-shaped melody line, just like the author sitting by the spring meditating on the past (fragment 1). The second phrase is only two bars and appears six times in the whole song. It starts with the high octave at the end of the first phrase. Swinging up and down around Gong Yin broke the silence in front of him and began to be high, revealing the author's infinite feelings (fragment 2). When entering the third sentence, the melody flows in the high-pitched area, and new rhythm factors appear. The melody is soft and firm, and the mood is more exciting. The theme gradually changed from calm and deep at the beginning to high spirits, which profoundly revealed the author's inner life feelings and tenacious and proud will to survive. The frequent use of his notes in performance makes the music feel a little sad, which is the emotional expression of a blind artist who has suffered from human bitterness and pain.
The theme of the whole song has been changed five times. With the presentation, extension and development of the music, the feelings expressed are more fully expressed. Its variation technique mainly expresses the development and circuitous progress of music through the expansion and contraction of sentence width and the rise and fall of melody activity range. Many of its variations are not to express different musical feelings, but to deepen the theme, so the musical image created by music is relatively simple and concentrated. The speed of the whole song has not changed much, but the strength has changed greatly, from pp to ff. Whenever music longer than quarter notes is played, the intensity of the bow changes and the music fluctuates, which is exciting.
China's tomb, China's tomb, your tomb. Located at Yingshan Lake at the east foot of Huishan in Wuxi Xi Hui Park. Hua, a blind folk musician, died in February 1950 and was buried in the tomb of a Taoist priest at the foot of Canshan Mountain in the western suburbs of Wuxi. 1May, 979, the tomb was destroyed and the bones were collected by Wuxi Museum. 1June, 983 moved to the present site south of Er Quan at the eastern foot of Huishan. The cemetery covers an area of 742 square meters, and the main body consists of a tomb wall and a wing wall, which looks like a music station; The old tombstone is now in the museum of this city. The colored tombstone was established by China Music Research Institute and Wuxi Federation of Literary and Art Circles, written by Yang, and the bronze statue of the blind man in front of the tomb was carved.
1986 was announced by Wuxi Municipal People's Government as a municipal cultural relics protection unit.
[Edit this paragraph] Erquan reflects the moon
Two springs reflecting the moon, A Bing's masterpiece. A Bing often plays the piano beside Er Quan in Wuxi. He was blind when he wrote this song. According to A Bing's relatives, friends and neighbors, as an artist, A Bing still yearns for one day. When he returns to the alley late at night, he often plays this song, which is very sad and particularly touching.
Xu Lu, a friend of A Bing, once described the scene when A Bing played "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon": "The snow is falling like goose feathers, and the park opposite the hall is like jade, which is beyond recognition. Sad erhu sounds came from the street ... I saw an unkempt old man, leaning on a small bamboo pole, leading a blind man from east to west on the park road. In the dim light, I vaguely recognized A Bing and his wife. A Bing is holding a small bamboo pole in his right hand, carrying a lute on his back, and hanging an erhu on his left shoulder, whistling in the crazy snow. "
This piece of music has no title at first. A Bing often plays this song on the way across the street, but he didn't play it when he was a busker. A Bing once called it "spontaneous chamber", and his neighbors called it "Yi Xin Qu". Later, when recording, Yang and Cao Anhe linked it with the famous scenic spot "Er Quan" in Wuxi, and named it "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon" (Huishan Spring in Wuxi, Jiangsu, known as "the second spring in the world"). He Luting once said: "The nickname" Two Springs Reflecting the Moon "actually contradicts his music. Music does not describe the scenery of Erquan reflecting the moon, but profoundly expresses the painful life experience of blind A Bing. "
1950 In the late autumn, at a concert held in Wuxi, A Bing played this song for the first time and for the last time, and won prolonged applause from the audience. 195 1, Tianjin People's Broadcasting Station played this song for the first time; 1959 National Day, China Foreign Cultural Association presented this song to international friends as one of the representatives of China folk music. Since then, this song has been widely circulated at home and abroad and won high praise. 1985, this song was recorded in the United States and topped the list of eleven popular China music works in the United States.
Later, Peng Xiuwen adapted this song into a national instrumental ensemble; Wu Zuqiang adapted it into a string ensemble; Violin solo adapted by Ding He; Ding Shande adapted it into a string quartet and so on. The Recording Society of China once made a wire recording of A Bing playing this song in the summer of 1950, which sold well at home and abroad.
From beginning to end, this piece of music reveals the thoughts and feelings of a blind artist who has suffered from human suffering and pain. The works show unique folk performance skills and styles, as well as unparalleled profound artistic conception. They show the unique charm of China erhu art and broaden the expressive force of erhu art, and won the "20th Century China Music Classic Award".
[Edit this paragraph] The naming process of the music "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon"
During the period of 1950, Professor Yang and Professor Cao Anhe from the Central Conservatory of Music made a special trip to Xiwei to play a recording. At that time, Mr. Zhu also participated in the recording.
Zhu once published an article in Wuxi Daily entitled "The Music of Two Springs Reflecting the Moon". He wrote in the article: "After the recording, when Teacher Yang asked the title of this song, he said,' This song has no name, and it will become like this after a long time.' Mr. Yang asked again, "Where do you often play?" A Bing replied:' I often play in the street, and I also play in Huishan Spring Garden.' Mr. Yang blurted out. Then call it Er Quan! "I said,' Er Quan alone' doesn't look like a complete title. There is a poem "Three Tans on the Moon" in Cantonese Opera. Can it be called "Er Quan on the Moon"? Mr. Yang said,' Printing plagiarism is not good enough. We have a mountain and river with a reflection in Wuxi. Let's call it "two springs reflecting the moon". A Bing immediately nodded in agreement. The topic of "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon" was thus decided.
Wuxi Er Quan Pool is equipped with Yilan Hall, Er Quan Pavilion and other buildings. See the sun every month before and after the lunar calendar, the moon is love the water, and the water is pregnant with the moon, which is the same as the water rhyme. Yasunari kata