I. Safety technical measures
1. General technical measures:
(1) Any operation carried out at a height more than 2m from the reference plane of the falling height that may fall is called aerial work. Safety protection facilities such as scaffolding, platforms, ladders, protective fences, skirting boards, safety belts and safety nets should be used for aerial work. The main stress bars of safety protection facilities for working at heights must meet the requirements of construction and use after mechanical calculation.
(2) Before working at heights, the engineering project department should check and accept the safety protection facilities, and the operation can be carried out only after passing the inspection. When it is necessary to temporarily dismantle or change the safety facilities, it can only be implemented after being examined and approved by the technical director of the project department. When the safety facilities need to be dismantled after use, a warning zone should be set up and a special person should be appointed for supervision. Demolition should be carried out from top to bottom, and it is strictly prohibited to dismantle from top to bottom at the same time.
(3) Establish safety production responsibility system and safety inspection system, and conduct safety technical disclosure and education step by step before working at heights. Personnel engaged in high-altitude operations should receive education on safety knowledge of high-altitude operations; Operators working at heights with special types of work should hold relevant certificates and conduct safety technical disclosure according to relevant regulations before taking up their posts. When adopting new technologies, new processes, new materials and new equipment, the operators shall be educated in relevant safety technologies according to regulations.
(4) Workers working high above the ground should choose skilled workers as far as possible, and they can take up their posts only after passing the inspection. The Project Department shall provide qualified personal protective equipment such as safety helmet and safety belt for the operators, who shall wear and use them correctly according to regulations. Establish labor insurance supplies distribution registration card and mark it on the physical object. The Project Department shall organize personnel to check labor protection articles once every half month, and make records; Pre-shift and post-shift inspection of the team leader; Personal self-inspection during construction. If you find any damage, please replace it immediately.
(5) Workers working high above the ground should be equipped with tool bags, and tools, screws, covered electrode and sporadic waste heads should be put into the tool bags. After completion, it should be brought back to the ground with people in time. It is forbidden to place any unfixed objects on high places to prevent falling.
(6) The walkways and safe passages for aerial work shall be kept clear, and objects, leftover materials and wastes shall not be placed at will, nor shall they be discarded downwards. The passing objects are tied with ropes for cleaning after work.
(7) It is forbidden to throw tools and materials used in aerial work, and isolation facilities must be set up in the middle of the overpass operation.
(8) Before the mechanical equipment used in high-rise construction comes into play, it should be carefully checked by project professionals, and it can only come into play after it is confirmed to be in good condition, and the equipment in good condition registration card should be held for regular or irregular inspection, and the inspection should be recorded.
(9) Reliable escalators should be set up for aerial work, and operators should go up and down along the escalators, and should not climb along the uprights and railings.
(10) Practical and reliable anti-skid measures should be taken when working at heights in rainy days. When the wind speed is above 1.8m/s and under the conditions of lightning, thunderstorm, fog, etc., it is forbidden to work at heights in the open air.
(1 1) There should be contact signals or communication devices above and below the aerial work, and designated persons should be responsible for them.
2. Safety technical measures for working at limb heights:
(1) Around the foundation pit, around the edges of balconies, platforms, awnings and cornices, and around the roofs and floors without external feet, protective railings should be set.
(2) Install temporary guardrails on stairs and stair edges. With the progress of engineering structure, formal protective railings should be installed on the top stairs.
(3) Protective railings should be installed on both sides of the construction scaffolding and building access. The upper part of the ground passage is provided with a safety protection shed.
(4) For the vertical transportation receiving platform, in addition to the protective railings on both sides, the platform mouth is provided with safety doors or movable protective railings.
(5) The specifications, connection requirements and erection work of limb protective railings shall conform to the specification requirements.
3. Safety technical measures for drilling operation:
(1) The hole between the floor and the wall shall be provided with solid cover plates, protective railings, safety nets or other protective facilities against falling.
(2) Install protective railings or fixed gates at the elevator wellhead; A safety net shall be set every two floors in the elevator shaft, at most every 10m.
(3) The holes, foundations and unfilled pits formed by pile transportation shall be provided with solid protection facilities.
(4) In addition to protective facilities and safety signs, red lights should be hung at night to warn all kinds of holes and pits near the access roads on the construction site.
(5) Other vertical holes and openings that are in danger of falling to people and things nearby should be covered or protected, and facilities for fixing their positions should be installed.
4. Safety technical measures for climbing operation:
(1) Climbing and climbing facilities for site construction. On-site climbing should use climbing facilities on building structures or scaffolding, and manned vertical transportation equipment can also be used. You can use ladders or other climbing facilities when climbing.
(2) Climbing equipment must have a solid and reliable structure. The service load of the pedal for people to get up and down is not greater than1100 n. When it is really necessary to work on the ladder surface and the weight exceeds the above load, it can be implemented only after inspection according to the actual situation.
(3) The bottom of the high ladder foot shall be solid and shall not be used for padding. The upper end of the ladder shall be fixed, the working angle of the vertical ladder shall be 75 5, the pedal spacing shall be 30cm, and there shall be no gap.
(4) The high fixed straight ladder is made of metal material. The width of the ladder is not more than 50cm, and the bracket is made of angle steel not less than L70×6, which is welded firmly in the ground. The pedal at the top of the ladder should be flush with the climbing top surface, and the handrail with the height of 1 ~ 1.5m should be added.
(5) When climbing with a straight ladder, the appropriate climbing height is 5m. More than 2m, add protective cage; When it exceeds 8m, a ladder platform will be set up.
(6) Workers working at heights should go up and down from the specified passages, and should not climb in non-specified passages such as balconies, and should not use construction equipment such as boom to climb at will.
(7) When going up and down the ladder, you must face the ladder, and no hand-held appliances are allowed.
5. Safety technical measures for aerial crossover operation:
(1) When the types of work such as formwork support and wall building are interchanged up and down, they shall not be operated in the same vertical direction. The location of the lower operation must be outside the radius of the possible falling range determined by the upper height. If the above conditions are not met, a safety protection layer should be set up.
(2) Since the construction of the second floor structure, all personnel have entered and exited the access opening, and all safety protection sheds have been erected.
(3) As there may be falling objects above the construction tunnel or within the rotation range of the crane handle, a double-layer protective corridor with a top that can prevent penetration should be erected within the affected area.
Second, the matters needing attention in aerial work
1. When any hidden danger is found in the safety measures, immediately take measures to eliminate the hidden danger and stop the operation if necessary.
2. When encountering all kinds of bad weather, check, correct and maintain all kinds of safety facilities to make them perfect.
3. Set up and dismantle protective sheds and safety facilities (including scaffolding and tower cranes), and set up warning zones for special protection.
4. It is forbidden to work high above the ground after drinking.
III. Safety Education and Training
According to the characteristics of various aerial work projects, carry out safety education and training to enhance the safety awareness of aerial work personnel and improve the safety knowledge of aerial work.
1. Educate managers first: improve their own safety production management level. Organize managers to learn safety laws and regulations and knowledge of aerial work regularly to improve safety awareness and safety management level.
2. On-the-job education: provide safety education for aerial workers from three levels: the company, the project department and the team. At the same time, try to choose skilled workers with aerial work experience. If new workers are really needed due to the progress of the project, strict three-level safety education must be carried out before taking up their posts, and they can only take up their posts after passing the education.
3. Education and training of special operators: The special operations for working at heights mainly include scaffolder and mechanical operator (installation and disassembly of tower crane, operator). In addition to general safety education, special safety technology education and training must be conducted by the relevant departments stipulated by the state. Only those who pass the examination and obtain the operation certificate can work at their posts.
4. Safety technical disclosure: Do a good job in safety technical disclosure before aerial work, so that the construction personnel can be further familiar with the professional safety technical knowledge of this type of work and this position before construction. For aerial work, such as before scaffold erection and dismantling, before tower crane installation and dismantling, etc.
Four, safety inspection and rewards and punishment
Safety inspection is an important way to find unsafe behavior and unsafe state, and an important means to eliminate hidden dangers of accidents, implement rectification measures and prevent accidents.
1. Regular safety inspection: conduct a major safety inspection once a week. Focus on the safety hazards related to aerial work, find problems and rectify them in time, and emphasize them in the monthly safety bulletin.
2. Professional inspection: organize special personnel to track, manage and inspect the construction process of aerial work, put forward rectification requirements in time when finding hidden dangers and illegal operations, and stop work for rectification if necessary.
3. Regular safety inspection: Before and during aerial work, safety management personnel should inspect aerial work facilities every day to find hidden dangers and eliminate them in time to realize safe production.
4. For the above safety inspection, it should be scientific and effective, and the management personnel should be humanized. In actual operation, if you find hidden dangers of accidents and illegal operations that have not been rectified in time, don't blindly reprimand them, because illegal operations at heights are inherently in danger of falling. If you reprimand blindly, the operator will feel nervous or unstable, causing more injuries or falls. Therefore, managers should explain the hidden dangers of accidents and the dangers of illegal operations to the parties, and urge operators to understand the importance of safe operations. Let customers obey your management from the heart. Those who refuse to make corrections after repeated requests will be punished according to the relevant safety reward and punishment regulations, and those who are serious will be expelled from the construction site.
Safety measures and precautions for aerial work 2 1, personnel engaged in aerial work must hold relevant certificates, and seriously abide by the safety construction regulations, dress flexibly, and it is forbidden to wear shoes with hard soles and nails that are easy to slip.
2, engaged in aerial work personnel should be a physical examination every year, suffering from heart disease, hypertension, mental illness, epilepsy are not allowed to engage in aerial work.
3, high homework to set up protective railings, support the safety net and install protective door, the operator should wear a seat belt.
4, high homework materials should be piled up smoothly, not on the limb and attached to the mouth of the cave, where there is a possibility of falling, to evacuate or fixed in time, to prevent falling cuts.
5, found that the safety facilities have defects or hidden dangers, should be reported in a timely manner, to endanger personal safety, must stop construction, eliminate hidden dangers rear can work at heights.
6. No one is allowed to move or remove safety signs without authorization. Because of the need of work, with the consent of the foreman, the safety sign is moved, removed and then reinstalled.
7, winter construction should take reliable anti-skid, cold, antifreeze, antivirus, fire safety measures.
8. Shout loudly that the operation safety facilities should be regularly checked and kept in good condition. The ladder shall not be short of gears, and shall not be elevated for use. The spacing between rungs should be 30mm. When in use, the upper end should be fastened, and the lower end should take anti-skid measures. It is forbidden for two people to work together on the ladder. If it is used for extension, it must be fastened. When using a ladder at the passage, someone should supervise or set up a fence.
9, aerial work, should be combined with the engineering characteristics, formulate corresponding various safety protection technical measures.
10, each project in the preparation of construction organization design and construction scheme, should include the project involved in aerial work of various safety technical measures, and try to take ground operations, reduce all kinds of aerial work.
1 1. There are a wide range of safety technical measures for working at heights, such as setting safety signs, hanging safety nets and wearing safety belts. In order to clarify responsibilities and strengthen safety management, before construction, the project leader and safety officer shall make safety technical disclosure to relevant personnel step by step. Workers working at heights can only carry out construction after all safety technical measures and protective articles have been solved and implemented. All kinds of facilities and equipment used for aerial work should be inspected before being put into use, and can only be put into use after being confirmed to be in good condition.
12. The aerial workers should have a physical examination. People suffering from heart disease, hypertension, psychosis, epilepsy, etc. Personnel who are not suitable for working at heights shall not be arranged for working at heights.
13, strictly abide by the safety operation rules and labor discipline during operation.
14, climbing and hanging workers are dangerous, and such personnel should be trained and assessed by relevant departments and hold relevant certificates after obtaining the certificate of approval.
15, the materials used for aerial work should be piled up smoothly, and shall not be placed near the edge or the hole. Walkways, access panels and climbing tools in operation should be cleaned at any time. The dismantled objects and wastes shall be transported away in time, and shall not be thrown at will. All construction sites, any objects that may fall, must be removed or fixed first.
In case of falling and hurting people.
16. If any defect or hidden danger is found in the safety facilities for working at heights during construction, it shall be reported in time and handled immediately. If there are hidden dangers that endanger personal safety, stop the operation immediately. All safety protection facilities and safety signs. No one is allowed to move or dismantle it without authorization. Some of them need to be removed or moved temporarily due to construction, and can only be removed or moved after the approval of the construction director, and they will be restored immediately after the work is completed.
17. For aerial work, reliable anti-skid, cold-proof and anti-freezing measures should be taken respectively according to climatic conditions and specific conditions.
18. After the safety protection facilities for working at heights are completed, they should be inspected item by item according to the types and recorded. In addition, with the progress of the project, the workload of aerial work will become larger and larger. At this time, layered and regular and irregular safety inspections should be taken.
Safety measures and precautions for aerial work Part 3 1. Strictly abide by the six disciplines of safety production.
Second, it is forbidden to acrophobia, taboo disease into the high-altitude scene.
Three, special type of work operators must hold relevant certificates.
Four, aerial work personnel must wear safety helmet, hang up your seat belt, wear non-slip shoes, fasten labor tools.
Five, it is forbidden to work in spite of drinking.
Six, before work, try to turn the machine and tools to ensure good performance.
Seven, it is forbidden to make fun of, play during work, affect work attention.
Eight, the construction of cable lines must ensure absolute high insulation.
Nine, set up the upper and lower safety ladders and passages, and ensure that they are firm, stable and safe.
Ten, ladder channel, support frame body it is forbidden to pile up materials and sundry, to ensure the smooth ladder channel.
Eleven, when necessary, must set up a safety net.
Twelve, it is forbidden to use lifting equipment, lifting facilities to transport people up and down.
Thirteen, lifting components, materials to bind, lock, buckle fastening, there are specialist command. Operators should obey orders and signals. Close cooperation.
Fourteen, it is forbidden to stand under heavy objects and personnel through.
Fifteen, overhead materials, materials must be placed in an orderly, stable and firm, in case of falling.
Sixteen, in the necessary space-time structure creation and construction should be set up protective railings.
Seventeen, aerial work on the surface of the water must be equipped with life jackets, lifebuoys and water boats, and supervision by designated personnel.
Eighteen, high-rise buildings should be equipped with lightning protection devices.
19, aerial work shall not be arbitrarily dropped items, in case of injury.
Twenty, cooperate with the safety inspection, the safety requirements of the safety inspector must be resolutely obeyed and seriously implemented.
Twenty-one, set up safety warning signs.
Chapter 4: Safety measures for aerial work
(1) Rails or cover plates shall be provided at the edges and holes of aerial work.
(2) Scaffolding shall conform to the requirements of regulations, and shall be inspected and maintained regularly, and its stability shall be checked before operation.
(3) aerial work personnel should wear light clothes and soft-soled shoes.
(4) It is strictly forbidden for people suffering from mental illness, epilepsy, hypertension, heart disease, drunkenness and listlessness to work at heights.
(5) There must be a safe passage at the aerial work site, and too many objects shall not be piled up in the passage, and the garbage and waste shall be cleared away in time.
(6) When working at heights above the ground 1.5m and 1.5m, you must fasten your seat belt and hang it in a solid and reliable place above, with a height not lower than the waist.
(7) In case of gale and bad weather above level 6, aerial work should be stopped.
(8) When working on a light or simple roof, wooden boards should be laid to disperse stress, so as not to step on the roof.
(9) People are forbidden to go up and down with the hanging objects, and climbing is not allowed when the hanging objects are unstable.
(10) It is forbidden to hold objects when walking or climbing at high altitude.
(1 1) When working vertically, differential protector and vertical self-locking safety rope must be used.
(12) Clean up the workpieces and scattered items on the scaffold in time.
First, the cause analysis of falling objects
1. Overweight or misoperation of hoisting machinery causes mechanical damage, toppling and falling of hoisting parts.
2. All kinds of cranes (wire rope, unloading card, etc. ) due to insufficient bearing capacity, it is pulled or broken, resulting in falling objects.
3. The bearing capacity of the platform used for bearing is not enough, which causes the object to fall.
4. In the process of hoisting, the scattered objects on the hanging objects fall and are not bound or cleaned.
5. When working high above the ground, pull the power cord or hose, drag sporadic objects or knock them down while walking.
6. When walking or passing at high altitude, objects are dropped by mistake.
7. When cutting objects and materials at heights, there is no fall prevention measure.
8. Throw things down.
Second, the safety measures to prevent falling objects from hurting people
1. For important and bulky hoisting, detailed hoisting construction technical measures and safety measures must be formulated, and a special person shall be in charge, with unified command and full-time safety supervisors.
2, non-professional rigger shall not be engaged in lifting operations.
3. Each temporary bearing platform shall be specially designed and its bearing capacity shall be calculated. When welding, it should be welded by a professional welder, and it can only be used after inspection.
4. Before hoisting, clean up the sundries and small items on the hanging objects or bind them to the first-class builder.
5, engaged in aerial work, must wear a tool bag, large tools should be tied with a safety rope.
6. Strengthen the cleaning and storage management of aerial work and scaffolding small items, and take measures to prevent objects from falling.
7. When passing objects up and down, pass them with a rope, and don't throw them up and down. When transferring small workpieces and tools, use tool bags.
8, try to avoid cross operation, demolition or lifting operations, set up a warning zone in the operation area, it is strictly prohibited to irrelevant personnel to enter.
9. When cutting materials, there should be anti-falling measures.
10. When lifting scattered articles, use a special spreader to lift them.
Safety measures and precautions for aerial work 4 1. management measure
(1) Safety technical education and disclosure must be carried out step by step for aerial work. Before putting into use, all kinds of facilities and equipment used for aerial work must be inspected and determined to be in good condition before use.
[2] Workers working high above the ground must dress neatly, and it is forbidden to wear slippery shoes and high heels such as hard plastic soles. Tools should be conveniently put into the tool bag, and the safety belt should be fastened as required.
(3), high homework personnel are strictly prohibited to play with each other, so as to avoid falling danger.
(4) When climbing, the structure of climbing equipment must be solid and reliable, and the use must be accurate.
5], all kinds of hand-held machines and tools should be checked before use to ensure safety. When working near the hole, objects should be prevented from falling.
[6], the construction personnel should go up and down from the prescribed passage, shall not climb scaffolding, slopes, and shall not climb and walk in the non-prescribed passage.
2. Monitoring measures
(1) During the construction process, the safety facilities for working at heights should be regularly checked. If defects or hidden dangers of safety facilities are found, they must be solved in time. When personal safety is in danger, the operation must be stopped. (2) Implement safety monitoring mechanisms such as automatic control and mutual control to eliminate potential safety hazards.
3. Emergency plan
First-aid equipment for personnel must be prepared in advance, emergency plans must be made, and the responsibility should be carried out to people (the person in charge at the scene is the established person in charge of emergency rescue), and people should be familiar with the first-aid methods for the wounded; When an accident occurs, report it immediately and call the emergency number; The person in charge of the site or the discoverer shall immediately organize personnel to take corresponding control measures: first aid the wounded, cut off the power supply, evacuate personnel, isolate the accident site, prevent the accident from further expanding and protect the site. Send the wounded to the hospital immediately according to the proposed way, rescue the trapped people and state property, control the development of the situation, and seek third-party assistance when necessary; Other departments try their best to cooperate and support. Afterwards, we should conscientiously sum up and evaluate, and supplement and improve the emergency plan.
Safety measures and precautions for aerial work 5 1, and operations more than 2 meters above the ground belong to aerial work.
2, workers engaged in aerial work, must pass the physical examination. Anyone suffering from hypertension, heart disease, epilepsy and other people who are not suitable for aerial work are not allowed to engage in aerial work.
3, aerial work site, should draw a dangerous area, set up a clear sign, it is forbidden to irrelevant personnel to enter.
Workers who often work at high altitude should be equipped with tool bags. Small tools used in aerial work should be put into tool bags, not on steel pipes, scaffolding and buildings.
5. Before climbing, carefully check the climbing tools and safety appliances, such as safety helmet, safety belt, ladder, springboard, scaffolding, etc. If not, immediately improve or refuse to climb.
6. When electromechanical welding is carried out at an altitude of more than 2 meters, you must find a suitable position to hang up your seat belt. When there is really no place to hang a seat belt and there is no other way to solve it, other protective measures should be taken to ensure safe operation.
7, all aerial work personnel, are not allowed to wear hard shoes, all use seat belts. Seat belts are usually hung at the bottom.
8. When working high above the ground, the inflammable and explosive articles at the bottom must be moved to a safe place, and measures should be taken to ensure that the cut metal or sparks will not hurt people or cause fire accidents.
9, aerial work personnel are not allowed to throw objects from the sky to the ground, and are not allowed to throw objects from the ground to the sky. Ropes, baskets, overhead vehicles or cranes should be used to transport objects.
10. Under special circumstances, if objects must be thrown to the ground from high altitude, the ground must be guarded by someone to ensure that no one is injured or equipment is damaged.
1 1. Small machines and tools (such as chain block, jack, etc. ) should be put in the appropriate position, and tied with rope and lead wire.
12, don't stand at the end of the springboard when standing on it. There must be no more than 2 workers on the same springboard.
13, should try to avoid up and down at the same time. If it is unavoidable, a special protective shed must be set up between the upper and lower floors, or other protective measures must be taken. Tools and objects are not allowed to be stacked on the upper floors.
14. Guardrails and signs should be set up at the entrance of aerial work to prevent slipping.
15, scaffolding, springboard and other sundries are strictly prohibited on the ground below the aerial work area. Ground personnel are prohibited from staying or passing directly under the aerial work area.
16. In case of any of the following circumstances, aerial work should be stopped: thunder, rain, lightning, strong wind with magnitude 6 or above, wet steel pipes getting wet, and other possible dangerous situations; After the above situation is over, all kinds of operation equipment can only be operated after being checked and confirmed by the company's safety director and relevant technical personnel.
17, the company should pay attention to the stacking direction and take strict safety measures to ensure step-by-step material taking. Workshop directors and production managers should focus on strengthening safety inspections to ensure the safety of personnel. Guiyang Xin hope agriculture technology co., ltd