The essence of Confucian ideology and culture has been honed and accumulated in the historical inheritance, which has become the wisdom, spirit and virtue of our nation and has the eternal value shared by mankind.

1. A series of moral categories, ideas and thoughts put forward by Confucianism have enriched the traditional moral treasure house of China. Confucian culture belongs to human relations culture, which puts forward benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faith, softness, kindness, respect, frugality, concession, loyalty, filial piety, honesty, frugality and shame. It is very rich, and every word can write a big article. If their general meanings are abstracted, selected, processed and brought into play, they can become the essence. For example, "benevolence" is the core of the Confucian moral standard system, and "benevolence is also a benevolent person" emphasizes the social attribute and essence of human beings; "the benevolent loves others" embodies the spirit of altruism; "Self-denial and courtesy are benevolence" requires people to have moral self-discipline consciousness; "Killing one's body to become a human being" shows the determination to stick to the faith and not be afraid of sacrifice. Another example is "loyalty". In addition to the specific meaning of being loyal to the monarch and ignorant, its value lies in its loyalty to its duties and courage to be responsible. It can be used to be loyal to the party, the country and the people. Another example is "filial piety", which is a virtue that anyone and any society should have. In feudal society, children's "filial piety" to their parents was overemphasized, while parents' "kindness" to their children was neglected. Now that the one-child policy is implemented, every family shows excessive "kindness" and it is easy to lose the traditional "filial piety". Therefore, it is more necessary to emphasize "filial piety" today. Besides, righteousness refers to integrity and justice, courtesy refers to politeness and etiquette, honesty and credibility, softness refers to kindness and simplicity, courtesy refers to modesty and respect for others, frugality refers to thrift, concession refers to tolerance and forbearance, and honesty refers to honesty and honesty.

2. Break through the rational spirit of the fate of ghosts and gods and resist the erosion of people's thoughts by religion. Confucianism is cautious about ghosts and gods. "The son of God does not talk about strangeness, strength, chaos and divinity", "I don't know how to live and know death", and has an atheistic tendency, denying the existence of supernatural saviors and the other side of the world. At the same time, guide people to pay attention to "secular" life and solve practical problems. Confucius' students asked what wisdom was, and Confucius said, "I know what it means to serve the people and stay away from ghosts and gods." It embodies the worship of pragmatic and rational spirit. Although there are local and foreign religions circulating in China, it has not formed the religious fanaticism of the whole nation, and what is really implemented is "the integration of politics and religion". Religion has never occupied a dominant position in China; Unlike the west, where politics and religion are integrated, sometimes religious power is greater than kingship. In China, it is the belief in Confucianism that inhibits the role of religion. Up to now, there are more than 6 billion people in the world, 4.8 billion people are religious, and the vast majority of non-religious people are in China, which has a lot to do with the long-term influence of Confucianism.

Under the influence of Confucianism, China people tend to rely on people's strength to solve practical problems, forming the habit of not asking God to worship Buddha easily. In their view, it is better to believe in Ming Jun than in ghosts and gods. "In 500 years, there will be a king's prosperity", and a wise monarch can bring peace and prosperity; When there were not many wise kings, they went to believe in honest officials, who took the lead in setting an example, made up for the king's mistakes, killed Chen Shimei and saved Qin Xianglian; There are not many honest officials, so I believe in a knight. The chivalrous man sees the road rough and draws his sword to help him. The biggest chivalrous man is Liangshan hero, who acts for heaven. People really have no choice but to pray to God and worship Buddha. Most of them are gods who want to solve practical problems for them. These gods are related to people by blood. People believe in the Dragon King when they are short of water and the God of Wealth when they are short of money. Believing in God is helpless and powerful, and only a few people reach the level of piety and superstition.

3. The people-oriented principle of "people-oriented is the foundation of the country" embodies the social responsibility of taking the world as its own responsibility. Confucianism has always attached great importance to the role of ordinary people, believing that ordinary people are the foundation of national peace and that "the people are the foundation of the country and the foundation is the foundation of the country." Mencius said, "The people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light." The "expensive" here is of great significance, that is, "the people can carry a boat or overturn it." To attach importance to the role of ordinary people, we must first attach importance to their livelihood. Therefore, Confucianism has always emphasized that a gentleman should have the feelings of "worrying about the world and enjoying the world", linking personal life with the well-being of the people, "being poor is immune to the world, while being good is helping the world", and at the same time "teaching the people". It is necessary to "solve the people who are upside down" and "put the world above the banquet". Therefore, to cultivate one's self-cultivation, one should be "practical, knowledgeable, honest and sincere" and improve one's moral cultivation and ability to handle affairs, with the aim of putting the world into practice and realizing "managing the house, governing the country and leveling the world". Of course, the people-oriented premise of Confucianism is the heroic historical view. China * * * adhered to the historical view of the masses of historical materialism and the purpose of serving the people, practiced Scientific Outlook on Development and put people first, which is incomparable to Confucian people-oriented doctrine, but the social responsibility of caring for people's livelihood and benefiting the people is the same.

4. The ecological ethics of "harmony between man and nature" provides a broad ideological and cultural foundation for us to build an ecological civilization. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are pursuing the harmony and unity between man and nature. Taoism advocates "Taoism is natural" and returns to simplicity, which is a retrogressive return to nature; Buddhism puts forward that "all mountains and rivers and plants become Buddhas", eliminates "separation of mind" and emphasizes the equality of all beings. Confucianism emphasizes "caring for people and caring for things", that is, people and everything are like brothers and sisters, and everything is integrated and cares for each other. It believes that "all things nurture each other without harming each other, and Tao is parallel without contradicting each other", and that heaven is human nature; People should be "wise" from "heart and soul" and "wise" from "responding to heaven", and human life activities should be integrated into the endless expansion of heaven and earth; Mencius' theory of "seizing the opportunity and waiting for the opportunity", Xunzi's theory of "controlling one's life and using one's life" and Wang Fuzi's theory of "mutual win and mutual use" embody the harmonious ecological ethics and the concept of harmony between man and nature, and provide us with a solid cultural background and a broad thinking background for adhering to the coordinated development of economic society and resources, environment and population and building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society.

5. Paying attention to the appeal and cohesion of ideals and beliefs has become a major feature and political advantage of China's rule of virtue. Confucianism emphasizes that a person should have ideals and beliefs. His ideal personality is wisdom, benevolence and courage, and he is regarded as "a great virtue in the world". Confucius said, "The benevolent is not worried, the learned are not confused, and the brave are not afraid.". With ideals and beliefs, people can concentrate, study hard, endure loneliness and poverty, and achieve "seeking food without worrying about poverty", "worrying about food without worrying about poverty" and "living without seeking peace". Even if they are poor, "save food and drink water, and get comfort from it." Injustice and wealth are like floating clouds to me. "People with ideals and beliefs have their own independent will and personality. Mencius said, "The three armies can win the handsome position, but ordinary men cannot win the ambition. "Can be done" wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent. "Once ideals and beliefs are established, they can inspire people to persevere and persist for life." If you listen in the morning, you will die at night. "In the face of evil forces, you will not hesitate to die. Chairman Mao said that people should have a little spirit. Confucianism attaches importance to the role of ideals and beliefs, and it is still not out of date today. Especially under the condition of developing market economy, people tend to despise theoretical thinking and dilute their ideals and beliefs while being pragmatic and confident. In reality, the affordable concept of "having milk is a mother", the impetuous mentality of quick success and instant benefit, the cognitive way of "following your feelings" and even sacrificing the individualism of others are all negative influences. Therefore, whether building socialist spiritual civilization or doing ideological and political work, we should actively carry out education on ideals and beliefs. Through the education of ideals and beliefs, we can unite people's hearts and inspire their fighting spirit, so that people can stand in the world with ambition, righteousness and backbone.

The ideal society in Confucianism is "Great Harmony". In this society, "the world is public" and "people are not only close relatives, but also only children", all of which are "trusting each other and repairing each other" and "making the old age have an end, being strong, being useful, providing for the old, being widowed, lonely, sick and disabled". The ideal of "Great Harmony" is people's memory of primitive communism, resistance to class exploitation and oppression at that time, and yearning for a better society in the future, which has inspired generations of China people. The slogans of the leaders of peasant uprisings in past dynasties are all based on the ideal of "great harmony" to attract people's hearts. Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's celestial system, Kang Youwei's book of great harmony, and Sun Yat-sen's book "The World is Public" are all deeply inspired and influenced by the ideal of "Great Harmony". Marxism was introduced into China, especially in the early days of the founding of New China. Many people in China, including many parties and countries, understood socialism and communism with the traditional idea of "Great Harmony". The word "well-off" put forward by Deng Xiaoping also comes from the description of the traditional "Datong" society. Now we are building a well-off society in an all-round way. By the middle of this century, we will build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized and harmonious modern country. This goal truly bears the hope of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, has a great inspiring and cohesive effect on Chinese people at home and abroad, and has become a major political advantage of our country.

6. The dialectical thinking of "going too far is too late" embodies the superb lifestyle and leadership art ... "The Doctrine of the Mean" occupies an important position in the Confucian ideological system and is regarded as the highest virtue cultivation, as well as the norm and method. There is dialectics in the "golden mean", that is, the thought of "degree" cannot be excessive or "inferior", and people are opposed to going to extremes, requiring people to grasp the sense of proportion and pay attention to the temperature. Confucius said that when someone asks him a question, he will "buckle both ends and do his best", that is, find out two aspects of the contradiction of things and then give a comprehensive answer; He also said that "attacking heresy is harmful", that is, only grasping one aspect of contradiction and forgetting the other aspect will inevitably cause harm. Confucianism is to be an official. In its view, as a leader, we should be "strong but not fierce", "Thai but not arrogant", "harmonious but not flowing", "proud but not contending", "desirous but not greedy", "happy but not lewd", "sad but not hurt", "bitter without complaining" and "rewarding without toil". From the perspective of temperament cultivation, "quality is better than literature, literature is better than history, gentle, and then gentleman"; He also said that "crazy people make progress, stubborn people do wrong things", and that these two kinds of people are extreme and should be regarded as "middle", both positive and steady. If our current leading cadres can really meet these requirements, they can also be called good cadres with self-cultivation and ability.

7. The rich educational thoughts in Confucianism have become the main content of the excellent educational tradition of the Chinese nation, which still has enlightenment for modern quality education. Confucius was an educator at first, and Confucianism inherited the tradition of running a school. The education of the Chinese nation for more than two thousand years is mainly undertaken by Confucianism. Confucius said, "there is no class in teaching", "learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous", "knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, and knowing is also doing", "don't be angry, don't be angry, don't be unhappy; If you don't take three corners against one corner, you will never do it again. " Learning, interrogating, thinking carefully, distinguishing clearly and persisting ","Don't care, don't be sure, don't stand still, don't mind me "and" Three people, you must learn from me "are all valuable educational experiences. Later, Mencius put forward that "teaching is all-rounder", Xunzi's "shine on you is better than blue" and "perseverance", and Han Yu's "industry is good at diligence and leisure, and success is also destroyed by thinking", all of which became the mottoes of later generations. Even today, they are still instructive to our quality education. In view of our present exam-oriented education, our education needs to face the future, the world and modernization, and also needs to inherit the fine tradition of Confucian educational thought.

8. Many outstanding elements of Confucianism have been integrated into the spirit of the Chinese nation and become the core and soul of China culture. In the spirit of the Chinese nation, the brilliance of Confucianism is everywhere. For example, patriotism, Confucianism emphasizes the spirit of collectivism, requires individual interests to obey the overall interests, and "self-denial" is to "pay attention to ceremony"; Emphasizing the unity of family and country, the country is the amplification of family, and loyalty is the amplification of filial piety; Emphasize that "every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world." Now, patriotism has become a powerful driving force for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Another example is unity and unity, and the Confucian idea of "great unity" is very strong. Confucius said, "If there is a way in the world, rites and music will be conquered from the son of heaven; If there is no way in the world, the rites and music will be conquered by the princes. " Dong Zhongshu of the Western Han Dynasty said: "The Spring and Autumn Annals is a great unity, a constant test of heaven and earth, and a turning point between ancient and modern times." Confucian "sage inside and king outside" emphasizes the self-cultivation of gentlemen, and the purpose of "keeping the family in order" is to "rule the country and level the world", which has become the political concept and way of thinking of the Chinese nation. In the history of China, division and reunification are unpopular, which has become a broad and profound social and psychological basis for our opposition to ethnic division. Another example is peace-loving. Confucianism stresses "courtesy is important", "harmony is different", "virtue is important" and "loyalty and forgiveness", and requires people not to do to others what they don't want them to do to them. Here, the most valuable thing is to put yourself in the other person's shoes, so as to enhance understanding, produce tolerance, reach a consensus and form a joint force. At present, the concept of building a harmonious society is put forward at home and the concept of a harmonious world is put forward internationally, and the policy of being a good neighbor, a partner and a rich neighbor is adhered to, so as to create a good international environment for China to achieve the goal of overall well-off society and modernization. The Confucian thought of "harmony" can play a greater role. Another example is self-improvement. The biggest difference between Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism is that they emphasize a positive attitude towards life and ask people to "forget food when they are angry, and forget their worries when they are happy". Confucius is a very diligent person, working hard, "I don't know the coming of the old times". He thinks that "it is very hard to eat all day, and there is no intention"! Confucianism believes that there should be "three stands" in life, that is, "establishing morality, making contributions and making a statement", "establishing a heart for the world, establishing a life for the people, connecting the past with the future, and opening up a peaceful future". Chairman Mao displayed this spirit and said, "I dare to teach the sun and the moon to change the weather" is a summary of China people's spirit of self-improvement.

The people of China * * * * carried out revolution, construction and reform, adhered to the guidance of Marxism, and made it China, modernized and popularized, inheriting and carrying forward the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and naturally inheriting and carrying forward the positive factors in Confucian ideology and culture. At the same time, combined with the requirements of the times, new contents such as "three styles" and "two musts" have been added.

The negative influence of Confucian ideology and culture on reality

After all, Confucianism represents the spiritual civilization of China's agricultural society and feudal society. With the rise of world industrialization and the advancement of economic globalization, the negative factors in Confucianism are becoming more and more obvious and increasingly unsuitable for modernization. On the surface, China's backwardness, passivity and beatings in modern times were caused by the decadent feudal system, because western countries "held guns" and China's weapons were not good. In fact, the deepest problem is culture and guiding ideology, which has nothing to do with the negative factors of Confucianism. Some people even think that Confucianism is the culprit.

The negative factors of Confucianism and its influence still exist, mainly in the following aspects:

1. The concept of hierarchy suppresses people's personality and creativity. The core of Confucianism is "benevolence", and the externalization of "benevolence" is "ritual", which is a characteristic of Confucianism. "Etiquette" means that people find their own position in mutual communication, and their manners meet their own position requirements, that is, they understand etiquette. China has always been called "the state of propriety and righteousness", and there are many elegant gentlemen in China, but the problem lies in excesses. Confucianism says that husband and wife are "three cardinal principles" and that "the noble and the humble are equal, and the young and the old are different". If someone violates the ceremony, he is regarded as guilty of rebellion. One of Lu's courtiers engaged in the "Eight-string Dance in the Palace", that is, a music and dance for 64 people was held in the temple at home, which was originally dedicated to the emperor; This man also offered sacrifices to Mount Tai, which is also the son of heaven's business. In this regard, Confucius was very angry and said, "It is tolerable, but it is intolerable." Too many "ceremonies" are red tape and formalism, and the biggest drawback is that they suppress individuality and hinder the discovery of truth and scientific invention. Because of "courtesy", even if the leader is wrong, he can't cross the line, can't stand it, can't change it, so he refuses to talk about it, otherwise it will be arrogance, pride and "disrespect". In the west, it is normal for students to interrupt the teacher at any time without raising their hands. Not in China. Confucius said, "Don't speak if you are indecent, see no evil, don't listen if you are indecent, and don't move if you are indecent", and asked people to live respectfully, look respectfully and think respectfully at ordinary times. If we are educated according to these "rituals", even innocent and lively teenagers will be educated to be polite, stand on tiptoe and be polite. In addition, Confucius said that "a gentleman speaks slowly, but acts quickly" and "clever words make colors, and different people have different opinions", which limits people's eloquence and communication skills. This runs counter to the requirements of pioneering and innovative talents put forward in our reform and opening up era.

2. Pay too much attention to interpersonal relationships and despise the exploration and transformation of nature. Confucian culture is a kind of human relations culture, and Confucianism talks about the relationship between man and society. Learn to teach four things: writing, action, loyalty and faith. It is also recorded that Confucius taught his disciples six arts, namely, etiquette, music, shooting, imperial command, calligraphy, and mathematics, among which several had the flavor of natural science, but ranked last; Others belong to social morality, and etiquette is the most important of the six arts. "If you don't learn etiquette, you can't stand it." As a gentleman, it is to "reciprocate" and "be happy". Under the influence of Confucianism, China culture has formed a value tendency of attaching importance to interpersonal relationships and despising science and technology. As Mr. Lu Xun said, China people invented gunpowder to set off firecrackers, and foreigners used it to make guns; China people invented the compass to see Feng Shui (to coordinate the relationship between man, ghost and god), while foreigners took the compass to sail (to open up territory and plunder colonies). In the history of China, there are many great technological inventions, but they are not used in direct productivity, but in making ritual vessels, utensils and wine vessels, which can be seen from the excavation of ancient tombs. Ancient people knew how to fight, go to court, engage in politics and write couplets. Science and technology are called "magical skills and cunning" and scientists are called "craftsmen". They are not among talents and have no social status. Cai Lun, Zhang Heng and Bi Sheng can hardly be compared with Confucius and Mencius, Cheng and Zhu. In the west, Newton and Darwin can be as famous as any great man. Newton held a state funeral in England. After the founding of New China, the "legacy" of ignoring science and technology still exists. During the Cultural Revolution, intellectuals were criticized as "smelly Laojiu". Nowadays, many professional and technical talents want to leave their careers, and thousands of college students apply for civil servants, which are different manifestations of the tradition of "despising technology". Confucian culture pays too much attention to interpersonal relationship, which will inevitably affect the improvement of people's business ability and efficiency, because it leads people to care about interpersonal relationship first, not the thing itself, and it is difficult to do even what they think is right. Even guide people to focus on interpersonal relationships that have nothing to do with work. Many people even abandon their careers and specialize in pure interpersonal relationships, especially with superiors, which can gain benefits that those who specialize in careers can't. Until now, when foreigners come to China, they think that the interpersonal cost of doing things in China is very high.

3. Ignoring productive labor is not conducive to the development of productive forces. Confucianism advocates "those who do things govern the people and those who do things govern the people" and encourages people to do "work" to "govern the people". Confucianism also advocates that people should study hard, and learn not natural science and technology, but books on human relations. "Learning to be excellent is an official", and learning to be excellent is an official. "Everything is inferior, only reading is high." Fan Chi, a student of Confucius, asked about "learning crops" and "learning gardens". Confucius said that he was not as good as a farmer as a vegetable farmer. After Fan Chi left, Confucius said, "Little man, so is Xu Fan! If you give a good gift, the people will not dare to be disrespectful; If you are just, then the people dare not refuse; If you keep the letter, people will not dare to be heartless. If the husband is like this, then people in all directions are tired of children. Why use crops? " If everyone in the world does what Confucius says, everyone can only drink the northwest wind. Historically, most of the people trained by Confucianism are "four bodies are not diligent, regardless of grain", such as Jin Fan in The Scholars; What is not mentioned in the middle, such as Kong Yiji written by Lu Xun, has the guiding result of ignoring productive labor and working people, which seriously affects the development of social productive forces.

4. Pay too much attention to the role of morality and lack the spirit of rule of law. Confucian culture is a moral culture, governing the country, with special emphasis on people's quality, consciousness and conscience, so morality is more fundamental and important than law. Confucius said: "Guided by politics, punished by punishment, the people are free and shameless;" Guide it with morality and be ashamed of courtesy. "refers to the administrative and legal, let a person dare not do bad things, but shameless; Morality and etiquette can make people feel ashamed, self-disciplined and unwilling to do bad things. Confucianism rejects the law and even regards "no litigation" as a social ideal. But governing the country by virtue alone is powerless. It can cure people, but it can't cure people. It is only necessary, but not necessary; It is necessary to stimulate consciousness and conscience and strengthen self-discipline, but it is unreliable without heteronomy. Excessive rule of virtue will lead to "rule by man". China has a legal system in history, but there is no rule of law, only criminal law, which is used to govern the people, not officials, and often becomes a tool to protect the powerful. It is precisely this that the legal system is often not as useful as the "real dragon emperor" casually said. The society is permeated with a strong "Bao Gong Complex" and the enthusiasm for honest officials, which shows that there is a huge contrast between people's expectation of social justice and the reality of the lack of rule of law.

Confucianism originates from farming culture, which is blood culture, family culture and health preservation culture. Activities such as going to the grave, building ancestral temples, and continuing genealogy have strengthened the patriarchal concept and human factors, and maintaining order mainly depends on rural rules and regulations, traditional morality and customs. Confucianism, which reflects this cultural atmosphere, lacks the western spirit of contract and rule of law, which is based on ancient Greek culture and industry and commerce. Father steals, should the son report it? Reporting is against filial piety, and not reporting is against the law. Confucius thinks filial piety is very important, and sons should protect their fathers. This is "the son hides for the father, and the father hides for the son". It will violate the spirit of the rule of law to advocate "respecting taboos, being intimate and being virtuous".

Because of paying too much attention to morality and neglecting the role of law, the means of social regulation by the rulers of China in the past dynasties were rather monotonous. Moral education is often the first step, instilling Confucianism in people; If not, use the imperial edict; If not, send troops to clear and suppress. This is what we often say, combining leniency with severity, combining kindness with prestige, and combining hard and soft. Therefore, the mechanism of state regulation and control of society is lack of fundamentality, stability, universality and long-term, and the function of self-resolving the factors that lead to chaos is very low. Often small things become big things, and big things are reversed. Between the bureaucratic machine and the chaotic group, either the fish die and the net is broken, and the society lacks the dynamic stability mechanism of long-term stability, which is manifested in periodic regime change and chaotic control. Up to now, the construction of rule of law in China has made great progress, but it still lacks the spirit of rule of law. The concepts of "subject" among the people, "being the master of the people" and "parents" among leading cadres are still very strong; There is still a big market for TV dramas such as Yongzheng Dynasty and Kangxi Emperor. It is not uncommon for the law not to be observed, the law is not strictly enforced, and the law is not investigated. Implementing the general plan of governing the country according to law has a long way to go.

5. Raising the "golden mean" to methodology is not conducive to cultivating people's spirit of taking risks, reform and innovation. The "golden mean" has dialectics and pursues a just right "golden mean", but it lacks maneuverability. Confucius only said, "Knock on both ends and do your best". There are no certain rules on how to take it, and the parties need to use it flexibly according to the specific situation at that time. Therefore, people use the "golden mean", and whenever they encounter any problems, they adopt impartial, secretive and irrelevant positions, attitudes and methods, which are characterized by eclecticism, especially in the face of major issues, their positions are not clear, and they lack principles and struggles, making people become fence-sitters, tartars and have it both ways. Confucius lamented: "The golden mean is also a virtue, even worse!" The people have been fresh for a long time. "The real' golden mean' is rarely practiced among the public. Confucius and Mencius hated people who used the doctrine of the mean, calling them "homesickness" and "stealing morality". In fact, they learned from Confucius and Mencius' doctrine of the mean.

The "golden mean" is in contradiction with daring, reform and innovation. Lu Xun said that the golden mean of China people makes it difficult to carry out change; If you suggest opening a window in a dark room, everyone will disagree. If you deliberately say that you want to lift the roof, everyone will definitely object. Finally, after compromise, everyone agreed to open the window. This example shows that in order to break the obstacle of the "golden mean" way of thinking to change, revolution and reform sometimes have to take the method of overcorrection, and the result is very "golden mean", which is the easiest to go to extremes.

6. "Just talk and don't do it, believe it" is not conducive to theoretical innovation. Confucius's "words without deeds, believing in the past" means not making new creations, but editing literary classics, expounding the humble opinions of sages and sincerely liking the past. Especially Yao, Shun and Yu, I miss them and admire them. "I am proud of their success, I am proud of their articles" and "I am depressed about their literature". The image of Confucius as a scholar is "compiling spring and autumn annals, deleting poetry books and making them easy to pass on". This style of study affects later generations, making it more difficult to be unconventional and seriously hindering theoretical innovation. Indeed, in the field of China's ancient ideology and culture, it is difficult for the descendants of Confucius to innovate. Even if they have their own new ideas, they should be mixed in the notes of previous works; Articles written by some people themselves should also be circulated in the name of the ancients. The subset of China's ancient classics and history is overwhelming, and Liang Qichao said that "history" accounts for 7% and 80%. What scholars do is to write poems, draw pictures, carve stones and annotate the scriptures of sages. This is neither political risk nor elegant. In modern times, Kang Youwei wanted to promote political reform. Under the banner of Confucius, he wrote An Examination of Confucius System Reform, calling Confucius a reformer.

The style of study of "keeping promises and keeping deeds" also brings the thinking inertia of respecting ancestors and worshipping saints. This inertia has become a hotbed of personality cult, dogmatism and conservatism, and the task of emancipating the mind as the forerunner of social change and reform is very heavy. The May 4th Movement criticized Confucius' view of right and wrong, the Yan 'an Rectification Movement criticized Wang Ming's dogmatism, the cult of personality and the "two whatevers" in the discussion and criticism of the standard of truth, and the "book first" overcome since the reform and opening up are all manifestations of the inertia of "keeping words but not deeds, believing in the past" in different historical periods, and the magic weapon to overcome this inertia is to emancipate the mind, seek truth from facts and keep pace with the times. That is, focusing on the practical problems of China's reform and modernization, focusing on what is being done, focusing on the application of Marxist theory, focusing on theoretical thinking on practical problems, focusing on new practice and new development.

7. The empirical general thinking of "attaching importance to roads and neglecting equipment" does not meet the development requirements of modern science and technology. China's traditional culture with Confucianism as its core has a dialectical way of thinking, but it is also general, holistic, pure, empirical and intuitive. Many Confucian articles talk about self-cultivation, human relations and society, not rational thinking, but moral experience. For example, Mencius said, "I raise my noble spirit and fill it between heaven and earth", and the golden mean said, "If harmony is achieved, the status of heaven is not good and everything is not good". In the exploration of things, I don't like precise arrangement, scientific experiments and logical generalization. I don't like that things have to be bowed down in person. I like to make things bigger and better. I don't care about the Tao of heaven and earth, and I don't care about the specific and subtle reality. This kind of thinking does not meet the requirements of the development of modern science and technology.

There are great scientific and technological inventions in the history of China, such as the Four Great Inventions. However, it is not systematic because of its emphasis on morality and light weapons. The master taught the apprentice skills, told the apprentice know-how, understanding and aura, and only passed them on to his son, not to his son-in-law, who was an outsider. In case of the early death of master and apprentice, it is easy to get lost, leaving behind results, without process and technology. Over the years, the image of Cao Chong has only been circulated as a clever story, unlike Westerners who summed up Archimedes' principle from bathing and experiencing the buoyancy of water. Now, China has become a "world factory". Our resources and labor, foreign product designs, brands and patents, and hard-earned money have left China with excessive consumption of resources and environmental pollution. The key reason is the lack of scientific and technological innovation in China. High-tech, sophisticated core technology and equipment are all foreign, and a foreign Boeing plane can be worth 100 million China shirts. In 2008, the number of patents granted in China ranked fourth in the world, but only 0.03% of enterprises owned independent intellectual property rights. More than 90,000 invention patents were granted, of which more than 50% came from foreign companies. Now, it is proposed that to build an innovative country and improve China's original ability, integration ability and absorption ability, we should not only increase investment in science and technology, but also reform the science and technology system, overcome the thinking mode of "attaching importance to the road but neglecting the equipment", establish a modern thinking mode of science and technology, promote China's scientific and technological innovation from the system and mechanism, and realize "Made in China" to "Created in China" at an early date.

As China people, especially leading cadres, they should not only deeply understand the traditional culture of China, including Confucian ideology and culture, but more importantly, fully tap and give play to the positive factors in Confucian ideology and culture in the process of promoting the realization of a well-off society in an all-round way and modernization, carry forward the excellent traditional culture of China and the spirit of the Chinese nation, and enhance national self-confidence, pride and cohesion; At the same time, we should consciously overcome and transform the negative factors in Confucian ideology and culture from the aspects of concept, thinking, system, policy, behavior and environment, so as to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and provide solid cultural heritage, spiritual motivation and intellectual support for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.