Confucius (5565438 BC+0-479 BC), a great educator in ancient China, advocated "learning from time to time" and "learning new things by reviewing old ones". He asked students to study and think together, and put forward that "learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous". In other words, learning without active thinking will make them lost. If thinking is not based on learning, it will be a daydream and bring about a crisis of knowledge. Because learning is a unique activity of human beings and the inheritance of human knowledge. This inheritance cannot be a simple omen and imitation. Only through independent thinking and the combination of learning and thinking can we create and develop on the basis of accepting the knowledge of our predecessors.
Zu Chongzhi's learning methods.
Zu Chongzhi, a mathematician in China's Southern and Northern Dynasties (429-5xx AD), studied from the following aspects: "Searching for the past and the present". Refining is refining, that is, studying various ideas, digesting and refining by yourself. This is how it studies and finally establishes its own theory. Because generations of ancestors were officials in the South China, generations of family members were educated, and grandfather was in charge of wooden buildings and knew some science and technology, so Zu Chongzhi had the opportunity to contact the scientific knowledge handed down from his family at an early age. Because he is quick-thinking and studious. At the same time, he did not stick to the rules and advocated testing the truth in practice, which made him achieve outstanding achievements in astronomy, calendar, machinery and mathematics.
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Einstein's learning method
Einstein (1879- 1955) was mentally retarded in his early years. When he was in primary school and middle school, his teacher thought he was a "clumsy child". Maybe he first read Euclidean geometry when he was 12 years old. His rigorous logic left a deep impression on him and aroused his interest in mathematics learning. 1896 Einstein, 17 years old, entered Swiss federal institute of technology to study theoretical physics, 19xx worked in Bern patent office. During this period, his thoughts were very active, and he often read various books and discussed various issues freely with five people, including Sollovan, a philosophy student at Berne University. They read the works of Hume, Mach, Poincare, Riemann, Dickens and many others. Sometimes I only read half a page or even one sentence, and then I argue. They affectionately called the party "Olympia Academy of Sciences". This "crazy" gathering made his Wayne very active. He published his first paper in 19xx, and Einstein, who was only 26 years old in 19xx, published five extremely important papers, put forward the light quantum hypothesis and special relativity, and proved the existence of atoms through the study of Brownian motion. 19 16 completed the general theory of relativity with remarkable achievements, and was praised by the scientific community as "a shining superstar in human history".
Einstein's learning methods can be roughly summarized into eight aspects: relying on self-study, independent thinking, exploration, bold imagination, emphasizing understanding, attaching importance to experiments, getting through mathematics and studying philosophy.
Zhu's learning method
Zhu (1 130- 12xx) was a famous educator in the Song Dynasty of China. He appreciated the learning methods summarized by the educators in the pre-Thai period and put forward that the order of learning was: erudition, questioning, deep thinking, discernment and perseverance. Learning, asking, thinking, distinguishing a poor reason, and doing things by oneself advocate that "there are three kinds of reading: asking questions, seeing eyes and speaking." If your heart is not here, you won't look carefully. My mind is not single-minded, just reading romantically, and I must never remember it. Remember, it can't last. The third method is the most urgent. Now the heart is here, the eyes are not there. "He thinks that the method of reading is gradual, familiar and thoughtful. It is necessary to draw inferences from one to the other and ask one to know ten. Scholars are diligent and knowledgeable, and then they can achieve mastery.
His disciples summarized Zhu's reading method as follows: step by step; Read carefully and think carefully; Worry about your heart; Have observation; Tight and hard; Be respectful (attentive) and resolute.