After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, great changes have taken place in different forms of education in this area. Preschool education (children aged 65,438+0-6) has regressed, which is mainly manifested in the substantial reduction of preschool institutions, from 65,438+0 in 1998 to 65,438+0 in 1998 and 965,438+05 in 1998. The number of people receiving preschool education decreased from 199 16438+09000 to 1998, accounting for 60. 1% and 4 1.2% of the total preschool children respectively. The biggest change in general education is that since 1993, there have been factory-run private ordinary schools, which have formed the coexistence of public and private ordinary schools, and the number of schools has decreased slightly compared with the Soviet period. 199 1- 1992 The number of general education schools is 16 14, and 1998- 1999 is 1599. The students are 404,600 and 416,026 respectively, including 415,645 in public schools and 38 1 person in private schools. In primary vocational education, the number of schools, students, students and graduates all shows a downward trend. There are 87 junior vocational schools in 1992 and 74 in 1998; The number of students in school is correspondingly 36,500 and 33,200; The number of students enrolled is 23,300 and 1890 respectively; The number of graduates is 2 1.400 and 1.890 respectively. In the past 10 year, only l secondary specialized schools were added, that is, from 44 in the school year of1991-kloc-0/992 to 45 in the school year of 1998- 1999, but the number of students increased. 199 1- 1992 school year, the number of students in secondary specialized schools was 35 1000, and 1998- 1999 school year was reduced to 32,900; The enrollment numbers are 1249 1 and 1 1652 respectively, and the corresponding number of graduates is 9,700 and 8,648; The number of technical secondary school students per 10,000 people is 13 1 and 123 respectively. Compared with the Soviet era, there are only two private universities in higher education institutions, while the original seven are all state-owned universities. The number of students, freshmen and graduates in institutions of higher learning also increased slightly, reaching 65,438+0,993-65,438+0,994,65,438+0,998-65,438+0,999. The total number of students in the school year was 50,300, of which 65,438+. In the academic year of 448 1998- 1999, the total number of college students enrolled was 12035, accounting for1/kloc-0 and 765 respectively. 1996- 1997 The number of college graduates is 6 158, increasing from 1998- 1999 to 7667, including 7455 in state universities and 2 12 in private universities. The number of college graduates per 10,000 people rose from 199 1- 1992 to 179, ranking 38th in Russia. Judging from the figures listed above, the number of students, enrollment ratio and graduates of private universities are growing slowly, which has little impact on higher education. The reason is that many people can't accept the new teaching organization form of private schools in a short time. Private colleges and universities charge high fees, and most residents can't afford it economically.
Colleges and universities are mainly concentrated in Barnaul: National Altai University, Altai Normal University, Altai Medical University, Altai Agricultural University and Altai Polytechnic University, as well as all-Russian Correspondence University of Finance and Economics and Altai Campus.
The scientific and cultural undertakings in Altai Territory are also relatively developed. There are many museums, libraries, theaters, cultural palaces and other cultural and entertainment facilities in large and medium-sized cities and administrative centers. There are mainly: Altai Museum of Local Records, Altai Museum of Frontier Modeling and Practical Art, Altai Academy of Music and Comedy, shukshin Memorial Hall of the famous Soviet writer, Altai Botanical Garden, and Siberian Horticultural Research Institute of Banauer Central Park, all of which are major scientific research institutions in the frontier areas. Their main task is to study the cultivation techniques of various fruit trees, berries and flowers in Siberia, and cultivate excellent varieties that adapt to the local ecological environment. So far, the institute has cultivated more than 240 excellent varieties.
When it comes to the development of science, technology and culture in Altai Territory, it is necessary to mention several Russian celebrities of science, technology and culture. They were born in Altai Territory and are famous for their outstanding achievements.
In science and technology, there is Kalashnikov Mikhail Timofeevich. He was born in Guliya village in 19 19. He is a world-famous automatic rifle designer, so he won the title of Soviet socialist labor hero and became the winner of Lenin Award and Soviet National Award. Titov Park German Stjepa Norwich, former Soviet Air Force Lieutenant General and astronaut, 1935, was born in Nikovo village, Polkov, Kosiha district. 1In August, 962, he took the "Dongfang II" spacecraft and achieved the feat of flying into space for the second time, so he won the Soviet National Award.
Shukshin Vasily Macarovici (1929— 1974) is a famous writer, film director, actor and cultural celebrity in the Soviet Union. He was born in Slowski village and has many works in literary creation. Some novels about the life of Altai residents are very popular, and some of them have been translated into Chinese, which has been well received by readers in China.