I. Explanation of Nouns
1.2.p 18 3。 P48 4。 P34 5。 P59 6.39 7。 P72 8。 P84 9。 P95
10.P 100
Second, short answer questions
(1) Briefly describe the characteristics of action research.
1. Examination knowledge points: characteristics of action research.
2. Key points:
The characteristics of action research are:
(1) Combination of practicality and participation;
(2) the combination of cooperation and permeability;
(3) Combination of continuous evaluation and immediate feedback.
(4) The combination of variability and adaptability.
(2) Briefly describe the characteristics of primary school children's emotions and emotional development.
1. Assessment knowledge points: the characteristics of primary school children's emotions and emotional development.
2. Key points:
Emotion and emotion are people's attitudes towards objective things and their corresponding behavior experiences, with individual wishes and needs as the intermediary.
Psychological activities. Emotion and emotion are important ways for individuals to adapt to survival and development, and will continue to develop with the growth of individuals.
In the primary school stage, children's emotional and emotional development characteristics are mainly manifested in the following three aspects:
(1) Emotional control ability is enhanced, but impulsiveness is weakened.
(2) The content of emotions and emotions is constantly enriched, and the social components are constantly increasing.
(3) Advanced emotions are further developed. With the growth of age and the expansion of social life, the social needs of primary school students are becoming more and more abundant.
Enrich and promote the development of advanced emotions. Children's advanced emotions include morality, reason, will and beauty.
(3) Briefly describe the influence of peer groups on children during primary school.
1. Assessing knowledge: the influence of peer groups on children during primary school.
2. Key points:
Primary school is the period when peer groups begin to form. At this point, the influence of peer groups on children is as follows:
It provides opportunities for children to learn and communicate with their peers. In group activities, children learn to deal with social problems in various relationships.
According to the standards of peer groups, they will establish an appropriate response model to organize their own behavior, and their social communication ability will be further expanded and improved; the same
Peer groups can also provide opportunities for children to form and evaluate their self-concepts. Peer rejection and acceptance make children know themselves better.
Chu is understanding.
3. Note: Peer group is an important form of social communication for primary school children, which is of great significance to the social development of primary school children.
Influence. Teachers should not only understand the influence of peer groups on children in primary school, but also understand the characteristics of peer groups.
(4) What are the learning types of primary school students? P63
(5) Briefly describe Gagne's information processing model of learning and memory.
1. Examination knowledge: Gagne's learning and memory information processing model.
2. Key points:
In this model, Gagne regards the learning process as a collaborative process of three systems: operation, execution control and expectation. operate
The system consists of receiver, sensory register, working memory (including short-term memory) system, long-term memory system, reaction generator and reactor.
Composition. The executive control system can guide and monitor information selection, representation form and processing strategy. Expectation refers to people's information plus
Work activities are goal-oriented. Cognitive purpose guides the choice of processing methods. The realization of cognitive processing activities and the achievement of expected goals will bring
Emotional satisfaction, thus further stimulating new cognitive activities.
According to Gagne's information processing model of learning and memory, the learning process of knowledge has experienced an information input-coding-processing-
The process of storage-extraction-output, according to such information flow and the function of execution control and expectation system, Gagne further studied it.
The process is divided into eight interrelated stages: (1) motivation stage; (2) understanding stage; (3) acquisition stage; (4) the holding stage;
(5) memory stage; (6) Summary stage; (7) Action stage, (8) Feedback stage. Gagne pointed out that the heart corresponds to each stage.
The rational state does not arise spontaneously, but appears under the influence of teaching.
3. Note: To answer this question, we must first understand the basic concepts in Gagne's information processing model of learning and memory.
(6) What is the relationship between knowledge transfer and application?
1. Examination knowledge points: the relationship between knowledge transfer and application
2. Key points:
There is a close relationship between knowledge transfer and knowledge application.
On the one hand, the application of knowledge can promote the occurrence and effect of transfer, and strengthening the application of basic knowledge and skills is to promote knowledge transfer.
Effective conditions of. Especially in the teaching process, if teachers can create the situation of knowledge application for students in time, they can make knowledge
Migration becomes a conscious and active process, thus accelerating the occurrence of knowledge migration and improving the effect of migration.
On the other hand, there is knowledge transfer in the process of knowledge application, which is an important condition to ensure the success of knowledge application. from
In the application of various forms of knowledge, whether to use the existing knowledge to answer the questions raised by teachers in class and complete classroom exercises and homework.
Industry, or using existing knowledge to find and deal with various problems encountered in real life, is to use acquired knowledge to deal with a new problem.
Topic situation has a positive impact on the process, so the application essence of knowledge depends on the transfer of knowledge.
But the application of knowledge is not the whole of knowledge transfer, and the application of knowledge is mainly a forward and positive transfer process.
3. Note: To answer this question, we must first understand the basic concepts of knowledge transfer and knowledge application.
Third, the essay questions
(1) According to the individual differences of primary school children, briefly describe the necessity of "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude".
1. Examination knowledge: the necessity of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude.
2. Key points:
Understanding and identifying individual differences is the premise for teachers to "teach students in accordance with their aptitude". The individual differences of primary school children are mainly as follows:
(1) Cognitive differences.
① Differences in general cognitive ability. Teachers should help students who are early and wise to expand themselves and improve their personality. Used in late-maturing research
Students and teachers should give support and encouragement to prevent future masters from being buried in an inappropriate educational atmosphere. Cognitive components of intelligence 1
Generally including perception, memory, thinking, imagination, etc. These components can be combined in different ways to form an intellectual structure.
Differences in the world. The differences of students' intellectual structure will be shown in their study at any time. If teachers are good at discovering these differences, they can
It is enough to find an education and teaching method that adapts to individual differences.
② Knowledge differences in professional fields. Students have different knowledge bases in a certain subject and different requirements for teaching. Teaching party
Legal differences can make up for the negative impact of students' lack of knowledge in preparatory courses on their academic performance.
③ Differences in cognitive styles. Students with different cognitive styles show different characteristics, cognitive characteristics and differences in learning.
The characteristics of learning require different teaching methods to adapt to it. For example, it is necessary for teachers to help impulsive students give play to their advantages.
Improve the accuracy of learning and problem solving.
(2) Personality differences.
① Temperament difference. Teachers' understanding of students' temperament characteristics is very important for doing a good job in education and teaching and guiding students to learn efficiently and grow healthily.
Dragons are of great significance.
But it is worth noting that there is no difference between different temperament types. Temperament cannot determine the quality of students' academic performance. where'er
Students of any temperament type are likely to achieve good academic performance and become excellent students in the school. However, the study of different temperament types
Students may take different paths to achieve the same level of achievement; They may also adapt to the school life environment in different ways.
In view of students' temperament differences, teachers should respect students' differences and allow students to develop and progress in their own way. The second is adoption.
Personalized education and teaching methods, adopt appropriate education and teaching methods according to students' characteristics.
② Personality differences. Children's personality is highly plastic, and the acquired living environment and education and training play an important role in the formation of children's personality.
Important role. Primary school is a critical period for the formation of children's character, and educators should earnestly undertake the task of shaping children's good character.
Mission.
(3) Gender differences.
In school education, teachers should treat students' gender differences with a scientific, sober and prudent attitude, and there are indeed differences.
In the field of learning, teachers should carefully study teaching design to help boys and girls improve together; For social prejudice, through teaching and learning.
Facts, eliminate the negative influence of social prejudice and encourage students to study hard.
If we cannot teach students in accordance with their aptitude, but across the board, it will affect the effect of education.
(2) Try to describe the learning characteristics of primary school students. P62
(3) Teaching principles to promote knowledge transfer and application.
1. Examining knowledge points: teaching principles to promote knowledge transfer and application.
2. Key points:
In order to infiltrate the idea of "teaching for migration" into the whole process of education and teaching, our teaching should follow the following principles.
Then:
(1) Clear, concrete and realistic teaching objectives.
(2) The arrangement of teaching content should be gradual.
(3) Grasp the transfer value of each learning stage.
(4) Inspire students to sum up what they have learned.
(5) Guidance of learning methods and learning strategies.
(6) Cultivate students' good and positive learning attitude.
3. Note: When answering this question, it should be discussed in connection with the actual situation of education and teaching.
Discuss how to teach concepts to help students master them effectively.
1. exam knowledge points: how to teach concepts
2. Key points:
According to the two forms of concept learning, concept teaching can be divided into two ways accordingly. One is to present a certain one to the students first
Positive and negative examples of the concept, then let the students compare and summarize, and finally summarize a definition. Another way of teaching is to have classes first.
Give students a clear definition, and then put forward several positive examples and counterexamples, so that students can identify positive examples and counterexamples according to the definition. Then divide it further.
Analyze how these examples show this definition. These two conceptual teaching methods are often used in classroom teaching at present, especially the latter.
This teaching method.
No matter which teaching method is adopted, it must involve four aspects of the concept: the name, definition, essential and non-essential characteristics of the concept,
Positive examples and counterexamples. In order to help students master concepts effectively, we should pay attention to the following points in teaching:
(1) clearly reveals the essence of the concept with accurate language.
(2) Highlight essential features and control non-essential features.
(3) Correct use of positive examples and counterexamples
(4) Multi-purpose variants and comparison.
(5) Applying concepts in practice.
3. Note: When answering this question, it should be discussed in connection with the actual situation of education and teaching.
A Review of the Curriculum Work of Educational Psychology for Primary School Children (Ⅱ)