I. Characteristics of victims

The so-called victim characteristics refer to the unique situation of the victim and the basic characteristics, characteristics or attributes that reflect his specific identity and status as a specific victim. Generally speaking, the victim has the following characteristics.

(1) Demographic characteristics of victims

The demographic characteristics of the victim refer to the performance of the demographic variables of the victim. These demographic variables generally include gender, age, marital status, education level, occupation and economic income. However, the characteristics of victims in these aspects are different due to different types of crimes:

(1) Gender characteristics of the victim. According to the statistics of various countries, except marriage and family crimes, rape and other sexual crimes, the victims of most types of crimes, especially violent crimes, are mostly men. Although women are more afraid of violent crimes than men, this is mainly because women are afraid of rape and domestic violence, not because women are more likely to be victims of violent crimes than men. According to the survey data of Tianjin 1996, 1999 and 2002, the proportion of male victims is higher than that of female victims, which are 48.9∶22.8, 53.8∶ 19.8 and 68.8∶20.9 respectively. (2)

(2) The age characteristics of the victim. In China, victims are concentrated in 18 ~ 45 years old, (3) victims aged 25 ~ 35 years old are relatively concentrated. (4)

(3) The marital status of the victim. In western countries, the murder rate of unmarried people is higher than that of people with other marital status. The research conclusions in our country are different, and the vast majority of crime victims are married.

(4) The education level of the victim. In China, the education level and the risk of victimization have the characteristics of small at two ends and big at the middle, that is, the victims are mainly concentrated in three levels: primary school, junior high school and senior high school, among which the victims with junior high school education level have the greatest risk of victimization, while the victims below primary school and above senior high school have lower risk of victimization. (5)

(5) the victim's professional characteristics. According to a survey conducted by the Institute of Crime Prevention of the Ministry of Justice of China 1994, farmers account for the highest proportion of victims, followed by workers, and soldiers and civil servants account for the lowest proportion. (6)

(6) the characteristics of the victim's economic income. The research on victims in western countries shows that the economic income of victims of violent crimes is inversely proportional to the risk of victimization, that is, the higher the income, the less likely they are to be victimized. Victims of theft also show similar characteristics. ( www.guayunfan.com )

(7) Property status. Nowadays, with the development and prosperity of China's market economy, people are more fully aware of the usefulness of money. Some criminals do not hesitate to take all kinds of despicable means or even kill people in order to get money. Therefore, people who have certain money or property are in danger of being infringed by property.

(2) the legal characteristics of the victim

A victim of a crime is a victim of a crime. The characteristics of criminal victims are the basic attributes of criminal victims that reflect their specific identity and criminal victimization.