Moral education in primary schools is mainly habit-forming education. Cultivating education is to cultivate children to form good habits. Habit is the product of education, which often comes from seemingly casual things, but it contains great energy enough to change the fate of mankind. Good habits often make people benefit for life, while bad habits often make people fall into a quagmire. To do a good job in cultivating education, we should start with cultivating children's good habits. That is to say, let primary school students develop good moral qualities and behavior habits such as observing discipline, caring for others, respecting teachers, caring for public property, being diligent and thrifty, not afraid of difficulties, and being brave in taking responsibility. In this way, students can further establish the idea of loving the motherland, be willing to study hard and contribute everything to the construction of the motherland. And the formation of these good moral character, not overnight, should be subtle, accumulated over time. Classroom teaching is not only a position for schools to impart cultural knowledge and skills, but also an important position for moral education. In this position, we should fully impart knowledge and skills, actively infiltrate moral education, and give full play to the moral education functions of various subjects. Moral education is like a drizzle, moistening things silently; Classroom teaching is sandy soil, permeated with drizzle all the time; Students are like grass, sucking the water in the sand. Therefore, how to do a good job in school moral education in order to achieve more obvious results is a task for every educator.
Only by carefully preparing each class and integrating ideological education scientifically, flexibly and vividly in the teaching process can teachers complete ideological education as a task of classroom teaching. Secondly, teachers should combine the reality of the class and students, the center, paragraphs or words of the text, dig deep into its ideological essence and scientifically infiltrate moral education. Of course, moral education must also combine students' age and psychological characteristics, and integrate ideological education into interesting teaching activities and extracurricular activities, so that students can be educated in these activities, standardize their own behavior and form good habits. According to students' characteristics and teaching content, teachers carry out a series of extracurricular activities, such as theme class meetings, group games, visits and trips, to deepen the teaching content. The organic combination of in-class and out-of-class can get twice the result with half the effort The content of any subject, whether it is social science, natural science or other subject textbooks, contains moral education factors, which are only explicit and implicit. It depends on teachers' excavation and mastery, and organically permeates the whole process of teaching, so as to achieve the effect of teaching and educating people. The specific content is elaborated by the following article:
First of all, influence life with life, improve teachers' moral education consciousness in teaching and strengthen moral education curriculum consciousness.
Teachers' awareness of moral education must be strengthened. Teachers must update their educational concepts, establish the concept of holistic education, and establish the concept of classroom education centered on "human development"
Teachers' awareness of moral education curriculum must be strengthened. We must abandon the narrow view of curriculum in the past, think that curriculum is to impart knowledge, and take moral education as the content of curriculum and incorporate it into our own teaching. While guiding students to master knowledge and skills and be familiar with processes and methods, we should correctly implement the goal of "emotional attitude and values". Teachers should be good at turning moral education into a "trickle" to accompany their own teaching, infiltrate and nourish students' minds for years.
Teachers' awareness of setting an example must be strengthened. Teachers are mentors for students' mental enlightenment, cultivation and development, and they are wise, wise and virtuous people in students' hearts. Teachers' words and deeds, every move, smiles and even clothes may be the objects that students pay attention to, evaluate and imitate. Therefore, teachers must be role models for students from the outside to the inside. Educator Gary Ning once pointed out: "A teacher's world outlook, conduct and his life, as well as his attitude towards every phenomenon, all affect all students in one way or another." I still remember many things from my school days, even when I was in the first or second grade of primary school. A teacher's action of writing, an expression of speaking in class, and an action of listening to class will make students remember clearly, and primary school students have the strongest imitation ability. Therefore, teachers should pay attention to their words and deeds, even humble words, when educating students and even classroom teaching, so as to cultivate a generation of outstanding students. Ushinski, a famous Russian educator, said: "Teachers' personality is everything to educators, and only a healthy mind can have healthy behavior." Confucius said, "It's just and not ordered; His body is not right, although he does not obey. " What students are required to do, teachers should do with students; Teachers should first master the knowledge that students need to learn. "Give a person a drop of water, there must be a bucket of water first" and "One minute on stage, ten years off stage" is the truth. The code of conduct that students are required to formulate and the rules and regulations they abide by should first be observed by teachers. To teach students how to behave, teachers should first know how to behave. I remember meeting such a teacher, who usually treats people, teaches and lectures without saying anything, but he just has a spoken language that he doesn't even pay attention to himself. It is better to give a real lecture, especially when you criticize your classmates or speak, especially when you are angry. There is a new female classmate in his class. She is introverted and doesn't talk much. She can't understand the teacher's spoken English. Once, a female classmate didn't come to class because of a stomachache, so she was embarrassed to speak. The teacher couldn't hear clearly after listening for a long time. The more anxious the teacher is, the more afraid the female students are. Finally, the teacher got angry and couldn't help saying a lot of dirty words in one breath, which was the teacher's oral language. It had an unexpected effect. She scolded the female student and became seriously ill. In the end, she didn't even go to school. Afterwards, the teacher regretted it. His original intention was to let the female student talk about the situation, but he lacked calm in anger. In addition, he usually has this strange spoken language, which makes people feel unbearable, as if the teacher is scolding him. From this incident, we can see that if teachers do not pay attention to their words and deeds, are not strict with themselves, and do not pay attention to their image as "teachers", what impact and side effects will they have on students!
The ideological content of most subject textbooks does not occupy an obvious position, which requires teachers to seriously study relevant laws and regulations, and fully realize the importance of strengthening the infiltration of subject moral education from the height of cultivating cross-century talents and socialist builders and successors, and from the height of implementing the party's educational policy. So as to consciously and systematically strengthen the infiltration of moral education in teaching and better teach and educate people. In-depth study of the syllabus and teaching materials, clear the requirements of the syllabus for political and ideological education, actively explore the ideological and moral education factors in the teaching materials, integrate moral education into the analysis of knowledge, flexibly and vividly integrate into the teaching process, and scientifically infiltrate moral education. It should be said that our new curriculum standards and new textbooks are very rich in humanistic connotation. Whether it is the content of teaching materials, teaching objectives or teaching methods, it contains very rich moral education content.
Second, build a framework of classroom moral education based on teaching materials.
With the continuous development of social economy and the influence of surrounding environment, some students are not clear about their learning goals, do not study hard, and are keen on playing computers, game machines and even gambling. To correct these unhealthy tendencies, we must strengthen moral education, let students know the importance of learning, and really change from "asking me to learn" to "I want to learn". As a teacher, it is not only to impart knowledge, but also to educate people. That is to say, in teaching, teachers should be good at exploring the moral education factors in relevant teaching contents, and penetrate into students through the teaching process to achieve the purpose of teaching and educating people. The following is my experience of moral education infiltration in mathematics teaching:
(A) combined with the content of teaching materials, patriotism education for students. China is one of the four ancient civilizations and has made many achievements in any field. There are also many examples reflecting these brilliant achievements in primary school textbooks. We pay close attention to these contents, introduce the deeds and brilliant achievements of mathematicians in ancient and modern China to students, and inspire their national pride and pride. At the same time, we should point out the backwardness of modern science and technology in China, educate students to love the motherland, and establish the confidence to study hard for the prosperity of the motherland.
(B) the use of teaching content, dialectical materialism education for students. Mathematics is a natural science, and its appearance and development itself embodies the viewpoint of dialectical materialism. It is a law summed up from practice and applied to practice, which embodies the epistemological viewpoint of dialectical materialism from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge and then applied to practice. In this way, mathematics teaching not only cultivates students' ability to analyze and solve problems, but also allows students to receive dialectical materialism education.
(3) Combining the mathematics learning process, cultivate students' scientific, tenacious and creative ideological and moral qualities. With the development of society, science and technology demand more and more people, which requires students to have a scientific attitude and innovative spirit. Therefore, in the teaching process, teachers should combine the characteristics of mathematics and encourage students to learn knowledge systematically. At the same time, through the training of geometric proof questions, students are trained to study hard, think independently and have a rigorous and orderly scientific attitude.
In short, in mathematics teaching, although students can't be educated directly and systematically like Chinese and politics, as long as they are good at exploring moral education factors in textbooks, seeking truth from facts and being good at guiding in the teaching process, moral education can be effectively infiltrated.
Among them, Chinese teaching implements the principle of the unity of literature and Taoism, integrates learning and ideological and moral education in the teaching process, exerts the influence and edification of various factors, permeates the enlightenment education of dialectical materialism in education and teaching, and cultivates students' rigorous learning attitude and positive thinking habits.
In history teaching, vividly educate students to love the motherland, China and socialism; Geography teaching carries out concrete and vivid ethnic education for students; Knowledge of nature course should teach students to love science, respect and believe the spirit of science, and cultivate their interest and ability in learning and applying science; Music art teaching should show students the excellent artistic tradition of the Chinese nation, cultivate students' healthy aesthetic taste, enhance national pride and inspire students' feelings of loving the party and the motherland; Physical education teaching should cultivate students' good health habits, exercise habits and strong will, and cultivate students' good collective consciousness and cooperative spirit; Labor teaching should combine teaching students labor knowledge and skills with cultivating students' good study habits. Through labor practice activities, students are trained to love labor, the spirit of hard work, cherish the feelings of labor achievements and the sense of responsibility for work, and form labor habits. The establishment of the educational framework of various disciplines has clarified the objectives, contents and steps of teachers' moral education practice, made the moral education infiltration work targeted and achieved good results.
Third, combine with real life and carry out interesting teaching activities and extracurricular activities.
In the classroom, teachers should not only integrate moral education into the teaching process, but also encourage and guide students to collect information through extracurricular reading and social investigation, and get education from it, such as leading students to visit militia camps, so that they can understand the truth of moral education in exchanges with soldiers. Visit nursing homes and carry out activities to help the elderly. By helping the elderly communicate with them, let them know what they should at least do as young pioneers. You can also organize students to extensively carry out activities such as "community holiday team", "helping disabled children" and "visiting sewage treatment plants" so that students can get a good education in various activities and feel what they want to do. Let students visit the Revolutionary Martyrs Memorial Hall more, and experience the hard-won freshmen under the education of revolutionary martyrs to achieve the purpose of education. This not only develops intelligence, but also cultivates students' interpersonal communication, thinking mode and behavior norms, and is influenced by ideological and moral education and aesthetic education.
Teachers can also carry out a series of activities such as theme class meetings, group games and visits according to students' characteristics and teaching content, deepen the teaching content, and let students receive education, standardize their behaviors and form good habits in these activities. For example, on New Year's Day, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mother's Day, Father's Day, Children's Day, National Day, etc., I will organize students to collect relevant information, and then educate students to learn to be grateful, cherish life and be full of yearning for life through blackboard newspapers, handwritten newspapers, performing homemade programs or holding debates, and going out of school to feel the beauty of nature and social changes. This organic combination of in-class and out-of-class can get twice the result with half the effort.
Fourth, change the way of learning in the teaching process and carry out moral education infiltration.
In the teaching process, teachers can use flexible and diverse teaching methods to subtly educate students' moral character, such as through research-based learning and cooperative learning. In mathematics teaching, there are many rules and laws, which can't play much role only by teachers' oral teaching. At this time, teachers need to guide students to discuss, think and summarize together, which can not only cultivate students' ability to analyze and solve problems, but also cultivate students' cooperation ability. As far as teaching methods are concerned, we can adopt group cooperative learning, which has a common idea. Students should not only be responsible for their own learning, but also for others' learning. Students should learn on the premise of benefiting themselves and others. In this case, students will realize that there is a bond between individual goals and group goals, and only when other members of the group succeed can they succeed. It can also help them form the habit of treating others' academic achievements correctly from an early age. Learn to communicate with others and try the fun of success.
I think group cooperative learning can effectively arouse students' enthusiasm for discussion and communication and improve their cognitive interest. Students have the opportunity to listen to and adopt other people's opinions in an unguarded and relaxed atmosphere, express their own opinions independently, identify, select, evaluate, reorganize and even innovate knowledge in a limited time, form a three-dimensional knowledge network, and form a dominant focus of excitement in the brain. This teaching situation is not easy to disappear in students' minds, and even lasts for a long time. For students who are not good at thinking, they can experience and feel the process of others solving problems, share the joy of group success, and realize the value of active exploration, bold imagination and creation. Excellent people benefit more. These learning strategies create a broader stage for them to exert their radiation, and at the same time give them more opportunities to learn from others, which is very helpful for shaping their perfect personality.
Cooperation is the mainstay in the group, competition is the mainstay among the groups, and competition and cooperation go hand in hand, which makes the classroom atmosphere both tense and pleasant. Fighting for the group fully stimulated students' curiosity and sense of collective honor. Team members cherish time very much, cooperate closely and nervously, fully express their views with each other, and at the same time listen, analyze and assimilate other people's ideas. Open ideas are constantly merging, with distinct levels and clearer language. Unconsciously enhanced mutual understanding and friendship, mastered more interpersonal communication skills, and gradually established an equal, democratic and harmonious classmate relationship, creating possibilities and conditions for closer cooperation and competition in the future. This kind of interpersonal communication between students of the same age makes it easier for them to master the principle of reciprocity, understand the truth of social norms, enhance their self-confidence and self-expression ability, and thus promote the formation and perfection of healthy personality.
Five, from the "heart", let students get psychological improvement.
Pupils' psychological development is immature. They are flexible and random, which is a critical period for building self-confidence. Therefore, we should seize the important teaching stage of primary school and encourage students to face their study and life confidently, so as not to fall into the quagmire of inferiority and affect their lifelong development.
(A) with sincere care to stimulate their upward will.
Iron cannot be turned into steel because of hatred, and seedlings cannot be encouraged because of pulling. Only by teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and understanding our students with sincere love can we help them build up their self-confidence and make progress in their studies.
(2) Look at your little progress with appreciation.
Mr. Tao Xingzhi once said: "You have Watt under your pointer, Newton in your cold eyes and Edison in your ridicule." Respect students, respect their hobbies, give them the warmest encouragement for every retreat, and give them the most sincere praise for every progress. I believe that with the respect and appreciation of teachers, our students will continue to gain self-confidence motivation.
The cultivation of students' psychological quality in the teaching process mainly depends on whether the students' comprehensive quality is improved. For example, whether we have gained positive emotional experience in classroom teaching, whether we have stimulated students' interest in learning, and whether we have improved our hands-on ability and expression ability. By improving students' psychological quality, we can improve teaching quality and form a new pattern of coordinated development. Teachers adopt the methods of encouragement, recognition, exclusion and adjustment in the teaching process. Pay attention to the cultivation of students' good psychological quality, "focus on the overall situation, start from small things", "moisten things quietly" and persevere. Watering trees requires watering roots, and educating people requires nourishing the heart. We should attach importance to students' psychological quality education from the height of their lifelong development, publicize their personality, stimulate their potential, and truly make our students develop healthily.
There used to be a classmate in my class who was stubborn, never cared about the consequences and had a bad temper. Fighting often happens, but you never admit your mistakes. He gets along with people, lacks self-control, has a weak sense of responsibility, is emotional, impulsive, is not calm when things go wrong, has rebellious mentality and strong vanity, and often thinks he is the little emperor in his class. He is a clever boy, but usually he doesn't use it in his study. He can finish his homework, but he always forgets what he has finished. After investigation, he is the only child in the family, and his parents work outside, so he has no time to take care of his children's life and study. Students only rely on their parents to give them a lot of pocket money. He didn't expect that a lot of pocket money would have a negative impact on his life, study and psychology. He did something wrong and could not stand the criticism of his teachers and classmates, showing strong vanity and resistance. Growing up under the common care and care of his parents, he relaxed the education of his students. Coupled with the superior material conditions at home, he has developed a stubborn, extreme and stubborn character. He doesn't like to think, and he goes his own way, which leads to problems and irresponsible consequences. Some students will also take different paths under his leadership. There is no perseverance to overcome difficulties in learning, and the results have been in a state of decline. After I found this problem, I did some remedial measures in time:
1. He often makes mistakes. In terms of problems, I patiently guided him, carefully helped him analyze the causes of the mistakes, and let him find out the mistakes himself. At the same time, we should not relax our education, care for him with love, and be strict with him with love, so that he can truly appreciate the care of his teachers, which is conducive to the formation of his good code of conduct.
2, in view of the shortcomings of strong inertia, stimulate his enthusiasm for life and labor, and encourage him to do a good job on duty; Take the initiative to help teachers with teaching AIDS and so on, and give affirmation. I often lend my classmates school supplies and occasionally ask about some learning knowledge. I will encourage them and talk to them in time, so that psychologically, he will feel that everything he does is concerned by others, and your every move will affect his future life and study.
3. In class, you can ask some simple questions for him to answer, improve his self-confidence and interest in class, arouse his vanity and let him "show his talents" in class.
After a period of observation, his study has been greatly improved, and he has learned how to do what is most popular with others and how to greatly improve his study and life. Through the communication with his parents, I know that he can help his parents do housework as much as possible at home, and I also patiently help him build up confidence in loving life and learning.
With the help of my school and colleagues, I successfully completed this research. I think that in teaching activities, teacher-student activities and communication contain rich moral education connotation. We should fully tap the moral education factors in curriculum resources and run through the concept of curriculum reform. Under the new curriculum reform, classroom teaching and moral education should be integrated. In the process of compiling teaching materials, we should always reflect the infiltration of moral education, grasp the pulse of students and cultivate their hearts. Infiltrating moral education in classroom teaching is a hard and meticulous work, involving a wide range, a large amount and a long time. Mastering the method of infiltrating moral education into classroom teaching is one of the most basic qualities for teachers to "teach and educate people".