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A few years ago, a Chinese teacher once said with emotion: What happened to Chinese teaching? The students we teach can't even communicate with people in the simplest way, and Chinese has reached a dead end. The times urgently call for China's reform, so comprehensive practical activities come into everyone's sight and have a strong momentum. What is comprehensive practical activity? How to cultivate students' comprehensive practical ability? These have become the problems that we urgently need to solve. Let me talk about them below.
The so-called comprehensive practical activities aim at cultivating students' all-round development of Chinese literacy and overall quality. By optimizing the Chinese learning environment and integrating Chinese learning resources, a Chinese teaching system integrating inside and outside classes, inside and outside schools, and between disciplines is constructed to improve students' comprehensive application ability of Chinese knowledge and comprehensive ability of listening, speaking, reading and writing. It has the following characteristics.
1. Practical. Comprehensive learning requires students to pay attention to life, practice and learn to find and solve practical problems. The center of comprehensive learning proposition is activity. Most topics will set specific situations to examine students' ability to carry out Chinese activities and complete practical tasks. Practical experience is the main basis for students to solve problems.
2. language. The idea of comprehensive learning is based on the idea that Chinese is everywhere in life. We can find an interpretation of the key word "Chinese" by interpreting the exposition of "comprehensive learning" in "Chinese Curriculum Standards". That is, "promoting the overall improvement and coordinated development of students' Chinese literacy", "improving Chinese literacy in an all-round way", "comprehensive application of Chinese knowledge" and "all-round development of listening, speaking, reading and writing ability". This is the connotation of the word "Chinese" in the concept of comprehensive Chinese learning, which means that the ultimate goal of Chinese is to serve life.
3. comprehensive. There are two levels of integration: first, integration within disciplines, that is, comprehensive use of multilingual knowledge and ability to solve Chinese comprehensive problems; The second is the integration of disciplines, that is, the Chinese discipline is the mainstay and interdisciplinary infiltration is carried out. Chinese is the basic tool to solve other disciplines, and the comprehensive study of Chinese also needs the support of other disciplines. Subject infiltration can fully expand students' horizons and promote students to find the best way to solve problems.
4. openness. Mainly refers to the flexibility of asking questions and the uniqueness of answers. Students have full choice in problem situations, and can cut in from multiple angles with few formal restrictions. The answers are not uniform, and creative design and expression are encouraged.
The new curriculum reform has increased Chinese comprehensive practical activities, which is a challenge to traditional Chinese education. The comprehensive learning section has been in a strong position in the senior high school entrance examination in recent years. Although many schools have carried out comprehensive learning activities, but not everyone has specific tasks, so some students have no personal feelings and can't write the purpose, theme and steps of the activities; Although some students took part in and had specific tasks, they didn't think and explore, and didn't form their own abilities. Therefore, this requires students to attach importance to comprehensive Chinese learning in peacetime.
How can Chinese teachers cultivate students' comprehensive practical ability of Chinese? Chinese comprehensive practice is a process of applying existing Chinese knowledge and skills in practice, acquiring new knowledge and improving ability in application. Chinese comprehensive practice is based on students' direct experience and feelings in Chinese learning. The fundamental purpose is to promote the development of students' comprehensive Chinese literacy, create a Chinese practice environment, carry out various forms of Chinese practice activities purposefully and step by step, enhance students' awareness of learning and using Chinese in various occasions, improve students' Chinese ability in many ways, and truly reflect that there are languages everywhere in life.
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Chinese teaching is to cultivate students' listening, speaking, reading and writing ability, and Chinese comprehensive practice is to give students a comprehensive exercise in listening, speaking, reading and writing.
1. Listen. First of all, we should cultivate students' listening ability and let them understand what the speaker wants to express. The so-called listening to the piano is obedient. It is necessary to cultivate students' ability to understand between the lines when interacting with others. For example, there is such a topic: Xiaoli loves cleanliness. In the morning, she went into the classroom to her seat, wiped the table and stool with paper towels, and threw the paper on the floor. Meet at the same table and say, "Xiaoli, you are so sanitary." What would you say if you were Xiaoli? If students take the exam literally, they will definitely say, "Yes, this is my advantage." That's the wrong answer. The correct answer is: "I'm sorry, I know I was wrong." Because her deskmate said irony, she should understand the meaning. It can be seen that listening is the first in comprehensive practical activities.
2. Go ahead. Cultivating oral English ability means that students can express their views correctly, concisely, fluently and tactfully in communication with others. Correct expression will make you get twice the result with half the effort, on the contrary, incorrect expression will make you fall short. Oral English is a science as well as an art. How to make students speak correctly, vividly, concisely, fluently and tactfully … This is something that many Chinese teachers find difficult.
To make students speak boldly, it is necessary to stimulate students' interest in speaking, and developing colorful reading activities is an effective way. Carrying out practical activities close to students' synthesis is more conducive to "speaking". The practice of every activity is an effort, an experience and a harvest. It's easier to say what's on your mind than to say anything. For example, there is only one way for schools to dispose of garbage-incineration. The pungent smell and billowing smoke of garbage burning made the students hate it. In this regard, I mobilized my classmates to talk about their own views. The students who suffered greatly from it were impassioned and talked about their feelings and the importance of environmental protection. Finally, they formed a written text and submitted it to the headmaster, reflecting the students' aversion to burning garbage and putting forward the importance of protecting the environment. It should be said that this activity was a great success. Let the students say what they are familiar with, so as to stimulate the students' speaking potential and cultivate their speaking ability.
3. "read". In comprehensive practical activities, reading ability is actually to let students read materials, extract effective information from materials, summarize effective information, or talk about their own views and opinions. Mr. Ye Shengtao once said: "The author thinks that there is a way, and the way knows its reason." After reading a text, the purpose is to "know the truth". I can't do without reading. Educated people are called "scholars", which shows the position of "reading" in people's minds and the knowledge comes from reading. Understand and summarize from reading. For example, there is such a topic:
Material 1: During the Shanghai World Expo, all participating countries brought a lot of latest scientific and technological achievements. The Israel Pavilion exhibited a soybean-sized capsule, which people can experience painlessly through "human roaming" after eating.
Material 2: "Electronic tag" technology brings surprises to tourists with tickets. Tens of millions of Expo tickets have applied RFID technology, which is also commonly known as electronic tag technology. The average time for people to pass through the gate of the Expo site is less than 20 seconds.
Material 3: The fourth generation mobile communication technology experimental network deployed in the Expo Park is the first 4G experimental network based on this technology in the world. Through this world-leading mobile communication technology, visitors can instantly transmit large-flow video and download it through the wireless network.
Please extract a message from the above three materials and what they have in common.
This question examines students' ability to summarize and refine information. The question clearly requires students to refine the common points of the three materials and find the repeated words and similar information in the materials. Through reading the materials, it is found that the convenience of science and technology is the common information in these three materials, so students can answer: science and technology make our life better.
4. The comprehensive practice of "writing" can provide many writing materials for students' writing. Because of my personal experience and real feelings, I will meet many new people, see their work and life, and maybe hear their interesting and touching stories in the activities, which can become students' writing materials. However, comprehensive practical activities are different from writing. Generally, the number of words does not exceed 100 words. Usually it is to record a thing, describe a thing, say a thing, discuss a thing, and add appropriate requirements. For example, please describe a scene or an experience that impressed you the most during the Dragon Boat Festival. Specific, vivid and emotional requirements, no more than 80 words. This topic is to train students' ability of scene description or narration. The preset scene is Dragon Boat Festival. The dragon boat festival is linked with eating zongzi, and students who race dragon boats can write scenes of wrapping zongzi or racing dragon boats according to these scenes. For example, I saw a sea of people on both sides of the river, colorful flags flying and gongs and drums in the sky. Look at two dragon boats on the river. One minute you catch up with me, the next I catch up with you and bite each other tightly. The sound of refueling on both sides of the strait was deafening The players tried their best to compete for the first place.
Of course, listening, speaking, reading and writing are not completely separated, but complement each other. Only by grasping these four links tightly and strengthening the training of students can we enhance their comprehensive ability to deal with problems. At the same time, optimize the learning environment, make full use of the educational resources in real life, and strive to build an educational system of communication in and out of class and subject integration. Learn knowledge, apply knowledge, broaden horizons, enrich knowledge, improve students' comprehensive quality and cultivate Chinese ability in colorful comprehensive activities.