1. The enrollment rate of rural education is not low, and it can even be said that quite a few areas are still relatively high.
For example, in Longsheng Autonomous County, the passing rate of undergraduate college entrance examination reached 47% in 2004, which was more than 20% higher than the average level in Guangxi. The scores of all subjects in the senior high school entrance examination exceeded the average score of Guilin, reaching the upper-middle level of 12 county, with the lowest score rate. Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County, the enrollment rate of junior high school in 2004 was 84.34%; The enrollment rate of high school reached 90.32%, of which 52.64% was promoted to undergraduate courses in ordinary universities. Even Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County, which is very backward in economy and culture, reached 89% in 2004. This shows that as long as students are willing to study and their families can afford it, the proportion of further study is still relatively large, and further study is expected. The reasons are as follows: First, students who are unwilling to study or whose families can't afford them lose their way, and many students are demoted before the exam; Second, rural students have a strong desire to change their destiny by going to college and jumping out of the agricultural gate, and they study consciously and diligently; Third, after more than 20 years of development, rural primary and secondary schools have accumulated rich experience in exam-oriented education and teaching, and the conditions for running schools have also been greatly improved.
2. The training network of adult culture and technology schools at the township and village levels has been initially established and formed, which can provide extensive pre-service and post-service scientific and technological training and services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
For example, Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County has established 1 Adult Culture Education and Training Center, 16 Adult Culture and Technology School and 166 Village Adult Technology Branch School. Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County and Longsheng Autonomous County have also established a relatively complete training network for adult culture and technology schools at the township and village levels, among which Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County has also built 1 autonomous district-level demonstration township (town) adult culture and technology schools. Can complete the task of adult education well and play a greater role. For example, in Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County, 54,000 people were trained in advanced and practical agricultural technology in 2004, 46,937 people completed their tasks, and 86.9% completed their tasks; 1.90 million people completed the key task of getting rich in rural areas, and 2,536 people completed the task,1.33.4%; There were 3,200 "Green Certificate" training tasks, and 3,269 people were completed, with102.1%of the tasks completed; There were 1.407 new workers in vocational qualification training, and 1.579 workers were completed, accounting for1.007.4% of the tasks completed; 2800 rural labor transfer training tasks, 2830 completed,1.01.07%; 8400 people were transferred [on-the-job training for employees of township (town) enterprises and migrant workers in non-agricultural industries], and 6536 people completed the task, accounting for 77% of the task.
3. The computer broadband network has extended to villages and towns, and the informationization and modernization of education have developed to some extent.
For example, Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County has added computers, color TVs, DVDs and other audio-visual equipment to the township (town) adult culture and technology schools. Most schools in Longsheng Autonomous County offer information technology courses. In 2004, 22 middle school principals were organized to participate in the modern distance education informatization training course organized by the Autonomous Region Audio-visual Education Center, and the Education Newsletter was edited and published throughout the year. The information of educational information network changes in time and its content is novel. In order to promote the construction of educational resources in the county, the county also successfully held the first computer multimedia courseware competition in 2004.
4. The level of teachers has been greatly improved.
Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County has 1 1,438 primary school teachers, including 998 middle school teachers, 402 junior college teachers, 37 undergraduates and/kloc-0 graduate students. There are 1 167 middle school teachers, including 697 with junior college education, 335 with undergraduate education, and1/person with postgraduate education. The qualified rate of teachers is high. The qualified rate of full-time primary school teachers in Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County is 98.7%. The qualified rate of junior high school full-time teachers is 89.8%; The qualified rate of full-time teachers in senior high schools is 83.3%. Compared with before, the proportion of teachers, the qualified rate of teachers and the teaching level of rural education in ethnic areas have been greatly improved.
5. The problem of insufficient investment in education is very prominent.
At present, the adjustment of the management system of rural compulsory education has been basically completed, and the responsibility of rural compulsory education has been changed from mainly borne by farmers to mainly borne by the government; Transfer the government's responsibility for rural compulsory education from towns to counties. With the start of the reform of rural taxes and fees, the burden on farmers has been reduced, and at the same time, a complicated new situation has emerged in rural compulsory education. For example, with the implementation of the "one-fee system", although the government of the state and the autonomous region has taken some measures to greatly increase the special investment and transfer payment for education, it has cancelled the additional education fee and education fund-raising, losing the main source of maintaining the operation of rural compulsory education, resulting in a large gap in the total amount of funds for rural compulsory education. Due to the lack of funds for running schools, some schools stopped chemical experiments because they had no money to buy reagents; Because they can't afford to pay the utilities, they have to let the students light candles or oil lamps to study at night. Even rural schools equipped with computer classrooms are forced to stop teaching information technology education courses because they are not allowed to charge computer fees. Insufficient investment has also led to the lack of funds for the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural primary and secondary schools and the help of poor students. Before the reform of rural taxes and fees, the reconstruction of dilapidated buildings in rural primary and secondary schools, financial assistance for poor students and other project funds mainly depended on rural education surcharge, education fund-raising and fees. After canceling these fees, the school can hardly solve this part of the funding source.
6. The dropout rate is still high, and there is an upward trend.
For example, in the annual report of Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County in 2004, the dropout rate of junior high school was 404%, and with the increase of the number of students dropping out of school, the dropout rate will be as high as 7-8%. With the increase of the popularization rate, the dropout rate will also increase accordingly. The main reason why students drop out of school is family financial difficulties. It is not enough to give poor students "two exemptions" now, but also "one supplement" to keep them going. 80% of middle school students in mountainous areas are boarders. It costs 2 yuan for meals every day, and 60 yuan for a month at home. A good family condition of 60 yuan is nothing, but it is unbearable for those families whose food and clothing have not been solved. A report in China Youth Daily on February 6, 2004 pointed out that education has become the biggest pain in the hearts of farmers in the west. In Minqin County, Gansu Province, there is a high school student and a junior high school student at home, and 60-70% of most income is used to pay for students' tuition; The proportion of people with less land will be higher. If someone has children going to college, they may soon become poor households. This phenomenon is not difficult to see in the rural areas of Guangxi ethnic areas. Secondly, the new "reading uselessness" is spreading in rural areas, especially in poor areas. Thirdly, due to various reasons, such as low quality of teachers, improper teaching methods, too many courses and difficult teaching content, students are tired of learning or lose interest in learning.
7. The development of secondary vocational and technical schools is difficult, and private education is difficult to survive.
In stark contrast to many rural children's "no school to go to", although there is only one vocational high school in each county, it is still difficult to maintain. For example, there are only three classes in Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County Vocational High School: 26 students in Grade One; 35 people in the second day; There are 30 students in Grade Three. In order to survive, the school has been changed into an ordinary high school. There are many reasons for this phenomenon. In addition to the above factors, such as the purpose of rural children going to school is to jump the "agricultural gate" and being unable to go to school due to family economic conditions, urban vocational schools are open to enrollment, and the conditions for running schools in urban vocational schools are unmatched by rural vocational schools, which is also an important reason why rural vocational schools cannot recruit students. In addition, the education reform of rural vocational schools lags behind the rural socio-economic reform, and there are many contradictions that need to be solved urgently. It can't be integrated into local agricultural production and industrial management as soon as possible, and it can't bring good employment opportunities to students, which leads to the existence of rural vocational high schools in name only. Private schools cannot survive and develop because they are unprofitable.
8. The cultural quality of rural labor force is low, which can not meet the requirements of building a well-off society in an all-round way. The task of reforming and developing rural education in ethnic areas is still very arduous.
According to the Guangxi Education Department at the regional rural education work conference, Guangxi is a province with a large population of ethnic minorities, with a rural population of 36 million, accounting for about 73% of the total population in the region. The quality of the rural population is not high, and the proportion of agricultural science and technology personnel in the rural population is less than one in ten thousand. At the same time, the rural economic foundation is weak and the degree of industrialization and urbanization is low. Industrialization is only 1.6%, and urbanization is only 23.5%, far below the national average. Due to the large population and low quality in rural areas, about 70% of the existing agricultural science and technology application results can not be popularized in rural areas, and about140 thousand rural surplus labor force can not be transferred to cities and towns. According to the field investigation, the total number of scientific and technological talents in Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County is 3638, accounting for only 1. 1% of the county's total population. The total number of scientific and technological talents in Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County is 3,638, accounting for 1.4% of the county's total population, including 260 education professionals, 524 health technicians, 34 agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery technicians, 77 transportation technicians, 52 industrial enterprise management technicians and 44 water conservancy and environmental protection engineering technicians. This reflects that rural education in ethnic areas is still very weak and the shortage of talents is very serious. The imbalance and lag of rural education determines that the comprehensive quality of farmers in the future cannot be improved rapidly in a short time. With the development of rural market economy, farmers' income will increasingly depend on the combination of knowledge, technology, information and capital-intensive, and the correlation with cultural quality will become more and more obvious. Hubei Provincial Bureau of Statistics 200 1 Sampling Survey on the Relationship between Farmers' Education Level and Income Level. The results show that among the low-income farmers, 39.7% have primary school education or below, and 60.3% have junior high school education or above. Among high-income farmers, the above proportions are 32.9% and 67. 1% respectively. After further analysis of farmers' income in a county, it is found that the education level of the head of household is closely related to the per capita net income of his family. The per capita net income of heads of households with high school education is 2342 yuan. The per capita net income of junior middle school, primary school and illiterate students is 2 1 10 yuan, 2035 yuan and 1890 yuan respectively, which shows that the most effective way to increase farmers' income is to improve their education level. On the other hand, it is precisely because of the low overall scientific and cultural quality of farmers that agricultural production has low scientific and technological content, small scale and low efficiency.
To sum up, at present, rural education in ethnic areas in China has made great progress, but overall, rural education is still relatively weak, and there are still many problems. The educational gap between urban and rural areas is still relatively large, and this gap is still widening, which should arouse our great attention.