Overview of Vocational Education Vocational education refers to the education that enables the educated to acquire the professional knowledge, skills and professional ethics needed by a certain occupation or productive labor. Such as pre-job training for employees, re-employment training for laid-off workers, vocational high schools, technical secondary schools, technical schools and other vocational schools. All belong to vocational education. The purpose of vocational education is to cultivate applied talents and workers with a certain cultural level and professional knowledge and skills. Compared with general education and adult education, vocational education pays more attention to the cultivation of practical skills and practical work ability.
Vocational education is the product of social development, the development of human civilization and the development of human beings. But also the product of a special period of development. Vocational education benefits from society, and society can also benefit from vocational education. Promoting social development is the proper meaning and sacred duty of vocational education.
Second, the significance of developing vocational education
Developing vocational education is of great significance to improving the quality of workers. Engage in social labor
The population of% mainly includes employees and unemployed people, as well as school children, domestic helpers, soldiers and other people of working age. Social production and economic construction are realized through the labor of these people, and their quality plays an important role in the development of productive forces. Over the years, China's vocational education has trained many high-quality workers with ideals, morality, knowledge and professional skills for the society, improved the quality structure, knowledge structure and skill structure of China's labor force, played a positive role in the development of all walks of life, and promoted employment and social stability. Many industries have affirmed the high-quality workers trained by vocational education when summing up the achievements made since the reform and opening up. Therefore, the development of vocational education is of strategic significance for improving the ideological and moral, scientific and cultural quality of workers and promoting socialist modernization.
Developing vocational education can increase the employment rate. China has a large population and great employment pressure. Improving the national quality, employment rate and employment quality in an all-round way, and transforming the heavy population pressure in China into human resources, not only requires the competent government departments to attach great importance to the development of vocational education, but also requires every employee to make more efforts in strengthening their own vocational education and vocational training, improving their personal skills and comprehensive quality, and helping their enterprises to further develop, which not only promotes the progress of enterprises, but also improves the quality of employment and life. It can be seen that it is very important to do a good job and vigorously develop vocational education, which is conducive to improving the quality of employed people, enhancing employment competitiveness, broadening employment channels, promoting employment and re-employment through education and re-education, and is of great significance to building a well-off society in an all-round way, building a harmonious society and maintaining social stability.
Developing vocational education will make vocational education go deep into the countryside and promote the transfer of labor force. The State Council has repeatedly proposed that vocational education should be the focus of future education. At the same time, Ge Daokai, director of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education, said that the focus of future vocational education is to let more rural students receive vocational education, master knowledge and skills, and change the current work dilemma of rural students. Vocational education is to cultivate professionals with solid practical ability and professional skills. Only after skills training can rural students become professional skilled talents to meet the market demand and realize the transfer of employment. Vocational education serves the employment of rural students and provides a good employment platform for the development of rural students by cultivating their skills and knowledge. The purpose of developing vocational education is to expand the enrollment scale for rural areas and give rural students more tuition fees and preferential subsidies.
Third, the history and achievements of vocational education in China
(A) the development of vocational education in China
China's vocational education has a long history, but the real driving force for its vigorous development is that it has made remarkable achievements after the reform and opening up. From April 65438 to April 0978, the Ministry of Education held a national conference on education, demanding the reform of the secondary education structure, and vocational education entered the recovery stage. By the end of 1985, the national vocational education has formed a certain scale and will make great strides in the next decade; Although it experienced a short decline from 1997, vocational education ushered in the revival stage in 2002, and then it flourished, with the rapid expansion of school scale and a substantial increase in the number of students.
2 1 century, the development of vocational education has reached a new level. The State Council has held three national conferences on vocational education, and made two decisions on vigorously developing vocational education in 2002 and 2005, which clearly defined vocational education as an important foundation of China's economic and social development and the strategic focus of educational work. The policy environment, public opinion environment and social environment for the development of vocational education have been significantly improved. Three tasks of vocational education are defined: consolidation, development and improvement. At this point, China vocational education has entered a golden stage of development.
(B) the achievements and scale of vocational education in China
After so many years of development, vocational education in China has reached an unprecedented scale. Especially since the new century, the development of vocational education has made remarkable achievements. According to relevant data, up to now, there are nearly 15000 secondary vocational schools in China; The annual enrollment reached 865,438+million, with 20.56 million students enrolled. Higher vocational colleges 1 184, with an annual enrollment of more than 365,438+million students and more than 9 million students. Various forms of vocational training reach more than 65.438+0.5 billion person-times every year. There were 38 million person-times of rural labor transfer training, 48 million person-times of rural practical technical training, and 9 1 10,000 person-times of on-the-job and laid-off workers of enterprises. Moreover, the employment rate of secondary vocational graduates remains above 95%, and the first employment rate of higher vocational graduates reaches 68%.
At the same time, the state has also increased its support for vocational education. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the central government allocated a special fund of10 billion yuan to strengthen the basic capacity building of vocational education. Since 2006, governments at all levels have allocated about 40 billion yuan to help students from poor families receive vocational education. Among them, the central government allocated special funds of 654.38+0.8 billion yuan, and local finance allocated about 22 billion yuan. Students in secondary vocational education schools receive 90% funding. Students in higher vocational colleges enjoy national scholarships, grants and student loans, with more than 20% funding.