The Constitution is the fundamental law of the country, the general statute of governing the country and safeguarding the country, the legal basis for safeguarding national unity, national unity, economic development, social progress and long-term stability, and the legal guarantee for China to govern and rejuvenate the country and unite and lead people of all ethnic groups to build Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Unfortunately, many People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC) citizens, including me, really know little about the Constitution (TV talk show). Do you know the role of the Constitution in China's legal system? What will you do when your legitimate rights and interests are damaged? What is the status of the Constitution in China's legal system? What is the significance of implementing the Constitution to China's socialist modernization? What is the main content of the Constitution? ……
How many questions can you answer? Anyway, I feel ashamed. At the same time, it also shows that the constitutional consciousness of our citizens is still very weak, and we must study our fundamental law well. Because everyone's daily life is closely related to the Constitution.
Constitution is the fundamental law of our country and has the highest legal effect. The operation of other laws and regulations must be based on the premise of not exceeding the constitutional effect. From this point of view, the constitution concerns many rights and interests of the people, and it is the top umbrella for the people to protect themselves and fight against illegal infringement from the outside world and even against distorted and mutated public power. It is easy to break the old impression of "abstraction, detachment and nothingness" in the hearts of the people.
This revision of the Constitution adheres to the principles put forward by the Central Committee, such as earnestly strengthening the Party's leadership, fully promoting democracy, extensively listening to opinions from all sides, and strictly handling affairs according to law, and embodies the unity of constitutional stability and adaptability, the unity of the Party's ideas and the people's will, and the unity of stressing politics and governing the country according to law. After this revision, China's constitution is more perfect, more in line with the national conditions, more embodies the spirit of the times, more meets the requirements of building a well-off society in an all-round way and creating a new situation in Socialism with Chinese characteristics's cause, and will certainly give full play to the role of the fundamental law of the state.
To study the Constitution today, we should fully grasp the basic content of the Constitution, understand the spiritual essence, accurately grasp the fundamental issues of what flag to raise and what road to take, accurately grasp the basic system of our country's state system, regime and society, accurately grasp the fundamental tasks of the country, accurately grasp the basic rights and obligations enjoyed by citizens, accurately grasp the establishment of state institutions and their organizations and principles, and take the provisions of the Constitution as an interconnected organic whole. A profound understanding of the Constitution is the fundamental guarantee of the people's right to be masters of their own affairs, the socialist essential attribute of the country, the basis for the smooth progress of China's reform, opening up and socialist modernization, the embodiment of China's basic proposition of governing and rejuvenating the country and the common will of the people, and the legal basis for building a prosperous, strong, democratic and civilized socialist country, thus enhancing the consciousness and firmness of implementing the Constitution.
What we need to understand is that "ruling the country according to the constitution is not a spectator." Only by understanding, cherishing and studying the Constitution can we better integrate into the society ruled by law, better manage schools and teach according to law, further enhance the sense of responsibility and mission of all teaching staff to the socialist motherland, and consciously participate in school management in the ways and forms stipulated by the Constitution and laws, thus effectively promoting the healthy, sustained, harmonious and scientific development of school education and teaching.
2020 Teachers' Experience in Learning the Model Constitution (Part Two)
This constitution is ambitious, rich in connotation and full of the flavor of the times, which plays an important role in guiding and guaranteeing the development of China's reform, opening up and socialist modernization. From the content point of view, there are mainly the following characteristics.
Advance with times
First, establish the important thought of "_" as the guiding ideology of the Constitution. The guiding ideology of the constitution is the soul of the constitution, and it is a guide to all the work of the country and the implementation of the constitution. Writing the important thought of "_" into the Constitution embodies the common will of the whole party and the people of all nationalities, and provides a common ideological basis for the whole party and the people of all nationalities to continue to unite and struggle in the new century and new stage.
Second, further clarify the state's policy of developing the non-public economy. It is one of the basic characteristics of China's socialist constitution to stipulate the economic system in the constitution. When the current constitution was formulated, China was still in the planned economy period, and the proportion of non-public economy such as individual and private enterprises in the national economy was very small, and the status of non-public economy was not clearly defined in the constitution. With the advancement of reform and opening up, the role of non-public economy in the national economy is becoming more and more important. The constitutional amendment brings the builders of the socialist cause into the category of the United front, which shows that the foundation of China's political power has been expanded and its legitimacy has been enhanced, which is of great practical significance for maintaining national stability, protecting the enthusiasm of workers and promoting economic development.
Third, improve the provisions on the composition of the National People's Congress. Since the return of Hong Kong and Macao to the motherland in 1990s, the Special Administrative Region (SAR) has become an integral part of People's Republic of China (PRC) and sent its own representatives to the National People's Congress. The constitutional amendment adds "special administrative regions" to the provisions on the composition of the National People's Congress in the first paragraph of Article 59 of the Constitution, which conforms to the actual situation of the composition of the National People's Congress.
Fourth, the provisions on the functions and powers of the president. Since the reform and opening up, exchanges and cooperation between countries have become more and more frequent, which objectively requires the president to participate more in state affairs. It is very necessary for the constitutional amendment to give the president the power to "manage state affairs" according to actual needs.
Scientific generalization
First, the provisions on the state of emergency. In real life, emergencies caused by riots, wars, emergencies and natural disasters often threaten the security of the country and society. Extraordinary measures taken in a state of emergency usually restrict citizens' rights and freedoms to varying degrees. Therefore, the constitution must stipulate and standardize the emergency power. According to the current Constitution, President People's Republic of China (PRC) can issue martial law, declare a state of war and issue mobilization orders according to the decisions of the National People's Congress and its deputies, but these concepts are specific and have a narrow scope of application. "State of emergency" is a common concept in the constitutions of most countries, and its scope of application is wider than the above concepts. The constitutional amendment changes "martial law" into "state of emergency", which is more scientific and convenient to deal with various crises.
Second, the provisions on political civilization. Building a prosperous, strong, democratic and civilized socialist country is the general goal of socialist modernization. The seventh paragraph of the preface to the constitutional amendment adds the content of "promoting the coordinated development of material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization", which is highly scientific, reflects the deepening of the party's understanding of the laws governing, socialist construction and human social development, and is of great significance to promoting China's political system reform and developing democracy and the rule of law.
Third, the provisions on amending the term of office of township governments. The constitutional amendment changes the term of office of township people's congresses from three years to five years, which makes the terms of office of people's congresses at all levels consistent and can better coordinate the economic and social development planning, planning and personnel arrangements at all levels.
Fourth, the provisions on improving the land expropriation system. The constitution originally stipulated that the state could expropriate land according to law, but the constitutional amendment added provisions on expropriation. Expropriation is the change of ownership, and expropriation is the change of right to use. The original provisions of the constitution and the land management law formulated accordingly did not distinguish between the above two different situations, which were collectively called "expropriation". In fact, the provisions of the land management law not only involve the conversion of rural collectively owned land into state-owned land, that is, expropriation; It also involves the situation of temporary land use, that is, expropriation. The constitutional amendment distinguishes these two situations and rationalizes the different property relations arising from expropriation and requisition.
people-oriented
First of all, the constitutional amendment established the principle that "the state respects and protects human rights". Raising human rights from a political concept to a legal concept and raising the theme of respecting and safeguarding human rights from the party and the government to the country shows the humanistic spirit, which is of great significance for safeguarding human rights and promoting China's constitutional cause.
Second, improve the protection of private property. Since the reform and opening up, with the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standards, private property owned by citizens has increased to varying degrees, and more and more citizens have private means of production, so people have more urgent requirements for protecting their property according to law. This revision, first, stipulates the responsibility of the state to protect citizens' private property rights; The second is to replace the "ownership" in the original article with "property right", which clarifies the concept of "private property right" and becomes the basic right of citizens; Third, it is stipulated that all legitimate private property is protected, citizens' means of subsistence are protected, and citizens' means of production are also protected; The fourth is to stipulate the expropriation system of private property.
Third, establish and improve the provisions of the social security system. The social security system is directly related to the vital interests of the broad masses of the people, is an objective requirement for developing the socialist market economy, and is an important guarantee for social stability and long-term stability of the country. The constitutional amendment adds a paragraph to Article 14 of the Constitution: "The state establishes and improves a social security system that is commensurate with the level of economic development." Such a revision will certainly promote the legislative process of social security and better protect the basic survival rights of citizens, especially vulnerable groups.
2020 Teachers' Experience in Learning Constitutional Model Essays 3
How to explain the basic concepts of the Constitution to a group of fifth-grade pupils vividly and simply in just 40 minutes and clarify the significance of constitutionalism to a better life is indeed a huge challenge for me. At the beginning of the speech, I told the children that respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching is indeed a virtue, but in the face of truth and justice, it is important to communicate and think, and everyone is equal and free. If you can't understand what I'm saying, it only means that I haven't thought about the relevant issues myself. I try to use this lecture as a platform for frank heart-to-heart communication and inspiring thinking, and express to these lovely children the idea that physique is not superior because of its importance, but closely related to everyone's daily life.
Although it is only a small lecture, in my mind, its weight exceeds all kinds of lectures, salons and speeches I have done in college. Since the responsibility is great, we dare not slack off and mislead others. I can only be cautious and respectful. For this reason, I made repeated adjustments and drills and made full preparations. However, the reason why I am willing and dare to undertake this matter is because I see its significance and value. I believe this is a very rare and precious opportunity for civic education and self-education. We should consider the acceptance of constitutional knowledge by primary school students, but I don't think it is necessary to underestimate the understanding of primary school students. In fact, many things I told this group of fifth-grade students were also mentioned when I communicated with my third-grade son on weekdays.
The above understanding also stems from my anxiety about the enlightenment education of citizens in China. In order to prepare for this lecture, I participated in three books: one is the American Citizen Reader; The second is American Citizenship and Constitution; The third is comparative civic education. My biggest feeling when reading these books is that in many countries, the so-called constitutional knowledge, the concept of rule of law, civic spirit and so on. It has never been profound knowledge, just basic "common sense" that has been cultivated since kindergarten and primary school. Only through an enlightenment and discussion education, rather than indoctrination and brainwashing, can an independent and sound personality really grow up.
Therefore, constitutional knowledge is very important, and more importantly, the way of learning. Just as I repeatedly emphasized the meaning of freedom in my lectures, what we can provide our children is not a top-down instruction, but an opportunity to choose and judge, an opportunity to know the society and ourselves. It is based on this idea that although I prepared a manuscript of tens of thousands of words, at the beginning of the speech, I completely broke the manuscript and cut into the theme from a text "I Choose Me" in the second grade of primary school in the form of an equal chat. I try to make students think about the importance of rights, the importance of public awareness, and the importance of realizing freedom and responsibility under the rules through the interpretation of this short passage. I told the students that the story itself contains profound constitutional principles: how to gain power in a democratic way; How to exercise public rights through the rule of law; How to defend human rights in a respectful way?
In the course of my speech, I kept talking about all kinds of interesting statistics (such as the number of words in the preface of the constitutions of various countries), all kinds of familiar constitutional cases (such as the bullet train incident and Sun Zhigang incident), and all kinds of popular and concise legal proverbs (such as "the wind can enter, the rain can enter, and the king can't enter"). It is not only entertaining, but also leaves room for children to think seriously. Generally speaking, I clearly introduced three aspects to the students: first, the basic framework and fundamental position of the constitution; Second, how to change the status of the constitution as a "sleeping beauty" and make it truly implemented and effective; Third, it is important to work together to cultivate constitutional culture, because it helps to turn social and political issues into legal issues and help to form a harmonious atmosphere of self-confidence, tolerance, rationality and enterprising. In short, the core theme of the whole speech is: "The people do not establish power, and the country does not establish constitutionalism"; The rule of law is not repression, but liberation.
Because it is the first time to tell primary school students such an important constitutional issue, I feel very nervous, and it is inevitable that there will be various problems and deficiencies. But I am very pleased, very moved, and even a little sorry. Fortunately, this lecture has achieved good results, and I believe that the gains and promotion it has brought to the students, teachers and myself are real; I am moved and sorry that the lecture was originally planned to be held in the classroom, but because of the large number of students, the school has no larger conference room and can only be held on the playground. I sincerely apologize to the children in the lecture, saying that although the conditions are limited, it is inhuman for everyone to stand and listen to me. Fortunately, everyone stands on an equal footing, instead of asking students to kneel down to him like Li Yang. I'm not that crazy, but I can assure you that we are all people who stand up.
Finally, I bowed my thanks to the students and said, I am optimistic about you, citizens of China.
People who have seen the experience of teachers studying the Constitution in 2020 have also seen:
1. Primary school teachers' experience in studying the Constitution
2. Teachers' experience in learning the Constitution
3. Teachers' experience in learning the Constitution
4. Teachers' experience in studying the Constitution
5. Primary school teachers' experience in learning law.
6. Teachers' experience in learning legal education