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China Wushu culture has a long history, which originated from the integration of Yan and Huang, and the civilization is based on Sun Wu. Sun Tzu's Art of War contains rich moral resources and shines with the brilliance of Chinese ethical wisdom, which is of great value to modern world civilization and needs our development and utilization. Judging from the general trend of civilization and progress in the modern world, the value and significance of developing the moral resources of Sun Tzu's Art of War mainly include the following aspects:
First, the era of great national defense and national security strategy show that
"Anguo" is the ethical purport of Sun Tzu's Art of War. "Five things and seven plans" is a great classic of his national security. If we want to stabilize the country, we must attach importance to raising and using troops. Sun Tzu pointed out in the first sentence of the first article of Sun Tzu's Art of War: "Soldiers are also a major event of the country. The land of life and death, the way to survive, can not be ignored. " This is in line with the pipe "a soldier's experience of respecting the country." "Soldiers" are the means of "consolidating the country"; "Anguo" is the purpose of "military" and the ultimate value goal. Therefore, the day of "Anguo" is the time when the value of military personnel is realized; "Anguo" is the highest principle and ultimate standard to measure the value of soldiers.
Then, how to achieve the goal of "consolidating the country" by "military" means? Sun Tzu's theory of "five things and seven plans" puts forward the strategy of national defense and national security. The so-called "temple calculation" is to ask the war director to take "five things and seven plans" as a system and whole, and then make a full rational analysis of "himself" and "the other", make a realistic judgment, and make a "know yourself and know yourself" before deciding whether to fight or not. It can be seen that war and non-war are out of "national security"; More wins and less wins are determined by the "temple calculation" of "five things and seven plans". However, as the main content of "temple calculation", "five things and seven plans" is firstly an objective fact. Because only as such a fact can we enter the field of vision of "temple calculation" and become the object of "temple calculation", and then make a rational analysis and judgment on it. It can be seen that creating the objective existence of "five things and seven plans" superior to "the other side" is the basic guarantee for winning "victory" in military struggle and then realizing "national security"
Military strength is an integral part and the foundation of comprehensive national strength. Sun Tzu's "temple calculation" of "five things and seven plans" is essentially an evaluation of comprehensive national strength. The connotation of "five things and seven plans" is rich, including politics, economy, military, talents, public opinion, weather, geographical location and many other factors. These factors can be summarized into two aspects: material factors and spiritual factors. Therefore, to bring peace and stability to the country, we must attach importance to the development, construction and accumulation of material and spiritual strength, and create a comprehensive national strength that is ahead of the times; Otherwise, the backward comprehensive national strength will be passively beaten. Sun Tzu's "temple calculation" theory of "five things and seven plans" reveals a way of "securing the country" with modern value: this is to make the country's comprehensive national strength better. Because this way of defending the country goes beyond the narrow sense of military defense, it can be called great national defense and defending the country.
The moral connotation of great national defense patriotism is great national defense patriotism, and its modern value is: a true patriot should shoulder the historical responsibility and mission of "defending the country and defending the country" and make his due contribution to improving the comprehensive national strength; If a country and a nation want to be in an invincible position, they must attach importance to the construction of material civilization and spiritual civilization and keep themselves in the leading position of the times.
The world today is full of contradictions and fierce competition. International competition, in the final analysis, is the competition of comprehensive national strength. Every country and nation is committed to developing its comprehensive national strength, especially its economic strength. However, due to the trend of global economic integration and multipolarization, the development of a country's comprehensive national strength is limited within the scope of integration, and it is increasingly restricted by integration. If any country wants to develop itself within the scope of integration, it is bound to make some contributions and sacrifices for the economic development of global integration. Whether it is willing or not is not important. The guiding ideology and behavior of trying to meet their own development needs by seizing and sacrificing the economic development of other countries are doomed to be punished. Because the stability and development of other countries is undoubtedly the condition for the stability and development of our own country. In this regard, developed countries should make more contributions and sacrifices to the prosperity of the world economy, otherwise their development will be limited. In a word, the enhancement of a country's comprehensive national strength is realized in the fierce world competition and global economic integration. Only by conforming to the trend of the times of "peace, cooperation and development" can it be more conducive to the enhancement of comprehensive national strength and thus achieve the goal of "national security".
The comprehensive national strength manifested from the spiritual level is a pillar of "securing the country" that cannot be ignored. The contemporary world is also a world where many cultural thoughts collide and agitate with each other. A country and nation with excellent cultural traditions, if it can't maintain its advantages in the collision and agitation, even if its economy develops, will inevitably lose in the invisible war. Economic and military aggression will threaten a country's security, so will spiritual and cultural aggression, even more dangerous than economic and military aggression. Therefore, to adhere to the patriotic national defense strategy, we must attach importance to the construction of spiritual civilization, build a strong national spiritual defense line, prevent spiritual aggression, resist spiritual pollution, inherit and develop national excellent cultural traditions in the opening up, and maintain the purity and advancement of national spirit. This move should be an important part of the national defense strategy.
The military field is often the most intense and sensitive field in the competition of a country's comprehensive national strength. If we want to "secure the world", we must attach importance to military struggle. Grandson-
The theory that "soldiers are a national event" still has universal truth and value significance in contemporary times. Today's world is a world of rapid development of high technology. New scientific and technological achievements are often first applied to the military field. High-tech is widely infiltrated into the elements of combat effectiveness and plays an increasingly important role in the generation and development of combat effectiveness. The wide application of high technology not only profoundly changed the face of the world, but also triggered a series of revolutionary changes in the military field. Therefore, seizing the commanding heights of military high technology has become the highest means of international military struggle. If military struggle is a major event of "defending our country and defending our country", then developing military high technology is the most important thing in the major event of "defending our country and defending our country". The extensive application of high technology in the military will inevitably greatly aggravate the disaster brought by the war. The so-called "soldiers fight for profit and soldiers fight for danger" in Sun Tzu's Art of War is intended to show that "profit" and "danger" go hand in hand. It is not uncommon in the history of the world that countries and nations struggle for interests and eventually lead to their own demise.
There are two old sayings in the history of China's martial arts culture, one is "forgetting the battle is dangerous" and the other is "fighting is fatal". Especially in today's world, the world is relatively "smaller", and the destructive power of war is increasing. "Safe country" is integrated with the international community, and countries that protect their own security and those that protect their people's security complement each other. The security of the international community depends on the security factors of each country. Therefore, the truth of Sun Tzu's "Enemy at the Gates" proposition has more and more universal practical significance and should be highly valued by the international community and people of all countries.
It should be noted that on the beacon tower of high-tech war, a butterfly sparks, which may cause global disasters; However, it is completely foreseeable that it will perish first. The military strategy of "building the country safely" in contemporary China is the military strategic policy of active defense. Therefore, adapting to the profound changes in the world military field, attaching importance to "strengthening the army through science and technology", strengthening quality construction, taking the road of elite soldiers with China characteristics, and improving the defensive combat capability under modern technology, especially high-tech conditions, are important guarantees for realizing "national security". At the same time, it is China's moral responsibility and mission to make more and more contributions to maintaining world peace.
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Human history has entered 2 1 century. It is the wish of the government and people of China to enter a peaceful, stable and prosperous world and the new century.
In an important historical period, China devoted itself to modernization. China needs and cherishes a long-term international peaceful environment, especially a good surrounding environment. The people of China are willing to make unremitting efforts with the people of other countries to promote the lofty cause of world peace and development and create a better future for mankind.
The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "Building a solid national defense is the strategic task of China's modernization and the need to safeguard national security, unity and all-round construction.
I. The concept of national defense
National defense, as survival knowledge, is also national defense, which refers to military and military-related political, diplomatic, economic and cultural construction and struggle to defend national sovereignty and territorial integrity and guard against foreign aggression and subversion.
National defense comes into being with the emergence of the country and serves the national interests. Churchill famously said, "We have no eternal friends or enemies, only eternal interests." This statement is in the language. National defense is directly related to national security, national dignity and social development.
1, the subject of national defense: the state.
2. Purpose of national defense: to defend national sovereignty, unity, national security and territorial integrity.
3. Means of national defense: military, political, economic and diplomatic.
4. The object of national defense: aggression and armed subversion.
5. Status and role: (1) National security. (2) the premise of national independence. (3) An important condition for national prosperity and development.
Second, China's ancient national defense: China's ancient national defense experienced a history of about 4,000 years from the establishment of the Xia Dynasty in the 2nd/Kloc-0 century BC to the end of the Opium War in 1.840 AD. In the long historical development of national defense, the Chinese nation has experienced numerous baptism of blood and fire, cultivated national cohesion and martial spirit of self-improvement, defending the country and resisting aggression, and finally formed a multi-ethnic and vast country.
(1) ancient national defense policy and theory.
In ancient China, many effective national defense policies and theories were put forward to improve the national defense capability: first, the guiding ideology of "people-oriented" and "preparing for danger in times of peace"; Second, the national defense construction thought of "enriching Qiang Bing" and "combining soldiers with farmers"; Third, the national defense education thought of "patriotism teaching war" and "advocating martial arts"; Fourth, the national defense struggle strategy of "defeating the enemy without fighting" and "protecting the country and defending the country and the whole army". Following these ideas, China has won many wars in foreign wars, the Chinese nation has thrived from generation to generation, and the national defense has also experienced the heyday of "China is safe, and the four foreigners are self-contained".
(2) Construction of ancient military system
The so-called military system is the military system, and now it is generally called the military system. It includes armed forces system, military leadership system and military service system.
In the system of armed forces, China was generally divided into central army, local army and border guards in ancient times. Before the Qin dynasty, the armed forces were relatively single. In terms of military strength, the military-civilian system is implemented, consisting of soldiers and civilians. Productive labor in peacetime, assembled into an army in wartime, and formed an army through temporary recruitment. After the Qin Dynasty, with the improvement of the political system and the development of economic production, various dynasties divided the army into central army, local army and border guards according to the national conditions and national defense needs, as well as the garrison areas and tasks, and made specific provisions on the organization of the army, stationing fields and guarding the border, military service, military distribution, munitions, post roads, weapons manufacturing and distribution. Promulgated and implemented by law, as in the Tang Dynasty
In terms of military leadership system, there was no special military organization in Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and the king generally presided over the military and political affairs personally and led troops to fight. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the state organs formed a phased system, with generals as the main body and military command institutions. During the Warring States period, it was common for generals to fight independently. After Qin's reunification, a special military management organization was established, and the highest military official was called Tai Wei. The Sui Dynasty reformed state institutions, established a system of three provinces and six departments, and established a military department, the Ministry of War. In the Song Dynasty, in order to prevent the "powerful ministers" from enlisting troops, the Privy Council was established in the central government as the highest institution of military leadership, and the chief officer was a civilian. The Privy Council has the power to transfer troops, but it has no command; The general has the command over the army, but he can't dispatch the army, which leads to the mutual restraint between the Privy Council and the general. Although the practice of military leadership system in different dynasties is inconsistent, imperial power is supreme, and the power to deploy and use the army is always in the hands of the emperor.
The military service system has developed and changed with the political, economic, demographic and military needs in various historical periods. During the slave society, the productivity was low, the population was sparse and the scale of the war was small. Mainly implement the civil service system. During the feudal society, the civilian army system gradually evolved into a military service system adapted to the historical conditions at that time, such as the conscription system in the Qin and Han Dynasties, the world conscription system in the Three Kingdoms, the Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the officers and men system in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the conscription system in the Song Dynasty, and the garrison system in the Ming Dynasty.
(3) Ancient national defense engineering construction
In ancient China, a large number of large-scale national defense projects were built to resist foreign invasion and consolidate border and coastal defense. For example, cities, the Great Wall, the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and coastal defense fortresses.
The city is the earliest and largest project in China's ancient national defense construction. Urban architecture began in the Shang Dynasty, and then its scale continued to expand, and its structure became more and more perfect, which continued until modern times. Therefore, urban offensive and defensive operations became one of the main styles of ancient wars in China.
The Great Wall is the continuation and development of urban construction, which was built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After Qin destroyed the unification of the six countries, the Great Wall in the north of Qin, Zhao and Yan was restored in 2 14 BC to prevent the northern Xiongnu from invading the south. Therefore, the site is adjacent to the west (now Minxian County, Gansu Province), Yinshan Mountain in the north and Liaodong in the east. The Great Wall of Wan Li, which starts from Jiayuguan in the west and ends at Shanhaiguan in the east, was formed in the Ming Dynasty after many connections of various dynasties.
The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal is a great water conservancy project in ancient China. During the reign of Yang Di, continuity was excavated on the original old river course. The canal starts from Tongzhou in the north and ends in Hangzhou in the south, with a total length of 1.794 km, connecting several counties in the north and south into a line, which has played a positive role in military transportation and "transporting grain from the south to the north".
Ancient coastal defense construction began in the Ming Dynasty. In order to prevent the invasion of Japanese pirates, the Ming Dynasty successively built a coastal defense engineering system of villages, camps, piers, platforms and peaks with the Acropolis and Xincheng as the backbone.
Third, the national defense after the founding of New China: the first stage: (1949— 1953) the recovery period of external defense against aggression and internal treatment of trauma.
The second stage: (1953— 1966) adjustment period.
The third stage: (1966— 1976) the period of "cultural revolution".
The fourth stage: (1977— 1989) modernization period.
Enlightenment from the history of national defense: (1) Economic development is the foundation of a strong national defense. (2) Political stability is the basis for consolidating national defense. (3) National unity and national unity are the keys to a strong national defense. (4) Scientific and technological progress is an important guarantee for a strong national defense.
Current national defense leadership system: (1) the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China national defense leadership. (2) the NPC Standing Committee's national defense functions and powers. (3) The functions and powers of the President in national defense. (5) the State Council's functions and powers in national defense. (6) the Central Military Commission (CMC)'s functions and powers in national defense.
Structure of Armed Forces: (1) China People's Liberation Army. ② Chinese People's Armed Police Force. (3) militia
National defense mobilization system: The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the requirement of "improving the national defense mobilization system and strengthening the national defense mobilization construction". The national defense mobilization system is an important part of the national defense mobilization system. As an organizational system, it is a national norm about organizational system, institutional setup, division of responsibilities and their relationships. The functional state of national defense mobilization system has a very important influence on improving national defense mobilization ability.
Main contents: (1) Mobilization of armed forces. (2) National economic mobilization. (3) Civil air defense mobilization. (4) National defense transportation mobilization.
(5) Political mobilization.
China's national defense policy: As a socialist country, China's national defense policy is defensive, in order to safeguard national security, safeguard world peace and oppose foreign aggression. We strengthen national defense construction solely for self-defense.
China adheres to the path of peaceful development and unswervingly pursues a defensive national defense policy. China's national defense is the security guarantee for the country's survival and development. Strengthening the modernization of national defense and the army, safeguarding national security and unity, and ensuring the smooth progress of building a well-off society in an all-round way are the main tasks of China's national defense. China's national defense policy takes the fundamental interests of the country as the starting point, and obeys and serves the country's development strategy and security strategy. China firmly grasps and makes full use of the important period of strategic opportunities in the first two decades of this century, adheres to the unity of development and security, strives to improve the national strategic capability, uses diversified security means to deal with traditional and non-traditional security threats, and seeks comprehensive national political, economic, military and social security.
Three. Overview of national defense laws and regulations: Features: (1) Military nature of the regulated object. (2) Limited publicity. (3) the priority of judicial combination. (4) Severity of punishment measures.
Four. Brief Introduction of People's Republic of China (PRC) National Defense Law;
The basic principles of national defense activities: ① safeguarding national interests. ② Unified leadership. ③ Coordinated development. 4 independence. ⑤ Active defense.
6. National self-defense.
(2) National defense obligations and rights of citizens and organizations.
Article 50 It is the glorious duty of People's Republic of China (PRC) citizens to perform military service and join militia organizations in accordance with the law.
Military service organs at all levels and grass-roots people's armed institutions shall handle military service in accordance with the law, complete the conscription work according to the orders of the State Council and the Central Military Commission, and ensure the quality of soldiers. Other relevant state organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions shall complete the militia and reserve work according to law and assist the military service organs in completing the conscription work.
Article 54 Citizens and organizations have the right to make suggestions on national defense construction and stop or report acts endangering national defense.
Military service system:
1. Combination of conscripts and volunteers.
2. The combination of militia and reserve soldiers.
Usually collect:
1, collection age. 2. the degree of collection. 3. Deferred signature and non-signature.
Military training for students: Military training for students is implemented in accordance with the Military Service Law and the National Defense Education Law. Organizing military training for students in institutions of higher learning and senior middle schools is an important measure to strengthen the construction of national defense reserve forces, to comprehensively promote school quality education and national talent strategic project, and to be a way for young students to fulfill their military service obligations. At present, there are 1660 institutions of higher learning and 27,000 senior middle schools in China to carry out military training for students every year, training120,000 students. Students' military training has entered the stage of comprehensive popularization, showing a good momentum of development. Through military training, young students' ideals and beliefs are more firm, their national defense concept and national security awareness are further enhanced, their patriotism, collectivism and revolutionary heroism are enhanced, their organizational discipline is constantly enhanced, their will quality is honed, and their spirit and style of hard work are carried forward. In recent years, the number of young students requesting to join the party, join the army and apply for national defense students has increased significantly. It is generally reflected in all places that students' military training is a great event and a good thing to benefit the country, the people and the army, and the educational function is irreplaceable by any other form of education. The development of this work has aroused strong repercussions in the society and has been widely welcomed by all walks of life. The promulgation of "Regulations on Military Training for Students" ensures that students' military training has laws to follow and rules to follow, and will certainly promote the standardization and institutionalization of students' military training.
National Defense Education Law: This law is formulated in accordance with the National Defense Law and the Education Law in order to popularize and strengthen national defense education, carry forward the spirit of patriotism and promote the construction of national defense and socialist spiritual civilization.
The basic principles of the national defense education law are the combination of regular education and centralized education, the combination of universal education and key education, and the combination of theoretical education and behavioral education.
The policy of the national defense education law is participation by the whole people and long-term adherence. Be pragmatic.
Article 3 of the Law on National Defense Education clearly stipulates the content and purpose of national defense education: "By carrying out national defense education, the state enables citizens to enhance their national defense concepts, master basic national defense knowledge, learn necessary military skills, stimulate patriotic enthusiasm, and consciously fulfill their national defense obligations." The concept of national defense refers to people's understanding and attitude towards national defense; National defense knowledge refers to the basic theory and common sense about national defense; Military skill training includes learning the use of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and personal protective equipment, civil air defense knowledge and battlefield rescue knowledge, carrying out military training activities such as shooting, bombing and assassination, and military sports such as cross-country, skydiving, gliding, sailing and driving. Therefore, as a relatively independent and complete education discipline, national defense education is very rich in content. It can be said that all theories, knowledge and spirit related to national defense are part of the content of national defense education. In terms of completeness and systematicness, national defense education mainly includes:
National defense theory: National defense theory education is a higher level of national defense education, which generally includes three aspects: national defense status and role, national defense composition and national defense construction.
History of national defense: The history of any country and nation has two aspects: glory and twists and turns. Correctly using both positive and negative historical experiences to educate future generations can invigorate the spirit and inspire people to forge ahead. National defense history education is the most powerful and influential.
Common sense of national defense. Common sense of national defense refers to some basic knowledge of national defense that citizens should know, including the basic concepts of territory, territorial sea and airspace, and the significance and basic principles of national defense. The basic characteristics of modern warfare, the requirements of wartime mobilization for the people, and some knowledge of situation preparation and national defense construction, such as the main duties and tasks of the People's Liberation Army, the Armed Police Force, the militia and the reserve forces, and the scientific knowledge of national defense.
National defense spirit. National defense spirit education is the core content of national defense education, which mainly includes patriotism spirit education, fighting spirit education and revolutionary heroism spirit education.
In addition, national defense legal system, national defense science and technology, national defense economy, national defense diplomacy and situation and national defense sports are also important contents of national defense education. These contents of national defense education are interrelated, infiltrated and promoted each other, and the core of which is patriotism education. The purpose of national defense education is to make citizens "inspire patriotic enthusiasm and consciously fulfill their national defense obligations."
5. National defense in my heart.
In my mind, national defense is the foundation of the country, and the national defense cause is a lofty cause that everyone in China should be proud of, and the people engaged in national defense cause are the noblest and greatest people in the world.
With the development of the times, science and technology are developing, human beings are progressing and society is becoming more and more civilized. The boundaries between countries and races are narrowing, people's lives are getting better and better, and their quality is getting higher and higher. Peace and development have become the theme of today's society. In the impression of many people, national defense is only worthy of attention in wartime, and it is redundant in this peaceful era.
However, if there is no strong national defense as the backing, no matter how strong the economy will be. As we all know, you will be beaten if you fall behind. Hegemonism and power are rampant today. As a result of the Gulf War, Iraq, which once enjoyed unlimited scenery, is also an economic power, and now it can only be trampled on. Aren't Afghanistan and Yugoslavia living examples a few years ago? If they have their own strong national defense backing, will they still be slaughtered? If the United States and other countries do not have strong national defense backing, can they arbitrarily provoke war?
Each of us has our own good wishes and grand blueprints, but evil bullets are still threatening the peace of some countries and regions, and even the world. The people's army shoulders the heavy responsibility of socialist modernization. Without them, there will be no peaceful and stable development situation, and there will be no anti-hegemony struggle to the end; Without them, people's lives and property can't be guaranteed.
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