1. Public education. The residents of Sun City are very concerned about the growth of the next generation, and have conducted universal social education for children and established a complete public education system. Similar to Plato's utopia, education begins in infancy. Not only that, Sun City residents also attach great importance to eugenics, thinking that it is not enough to make children's intelligence and physical strength perfect. Therefore, the state appoints doctors who are experienced in fertility issues, and chooses their parents according to scientific data and innate qualities (views related to the theory of "husband and wife") so that they can have the best children. After giving birth, women rest and take care of their babies in a special public building. The lactation period is usually two years. After the baby is weaned, it is handed over to a male teacher or a female teacher for care according to gender. Children of the same age practice running and jumping together, play games, learn letters in games, and learn history and language according to pictures. Girls and boys take part in all kinds of studies together. When children are two to three years old, they learn letters according to the pictures and words on the wall, and are guided by four knowledgeable old people. A little older, they learn gymnastics, practice running, throw discus and do all other gymnastics and games that can develop their limbs in a balanced way. At the age of seven, I was sent barefoot and barefoot to various workshops to learn various crafts or to the studio to learn painting, so that I could know what I was suitable for in the future. This is the stage when children contact the society and establish their own development direction. At the age of eight, they studied elementary mathematics by painting calligraphy on the wall, and then began to listen to various natural science courses, taught by four teachers, divided into four groups to study their courses in turn, limited to four hours. In addition, physical training such as wrestling, running and stone throwing is also required. Then he began to study more abstract sciences, such as mathematics and medicine, and often held heated seminars or debates. Sometimes, they are sent to fields and pastures to observe and study agriculture and animal husbandry. Then they are assigned to science or handicraft jobs with good academic performance, and everyone has a job under their guidance.
In addition, all boys and girls aged 12 must receive military training for a period of time. There are many military training subjects, and the military items that boys must learn are: fencing, javelin throwing, spear throwing, horseback riding, charge, cover, retreat, assault, circuitous rescue of the wounded and so on.
2. Oppose school education.
Campanella believes that education should meet the practical tasks that people need at present, and rigid scholasticism is useless. Therefore, it is not in favor of paying so much attention to grammar, logic and other knowledge in medieval schools, and advocates extensive and comprehensive education for people. Using a resident of Sun City as an excuse, he said, "You can regard anyone who knows some grammar rules or the logic of Aristotle and other authors as the most knowledgeable person. You can become such a wise person with the memory and efforts of death, so people have developed a conservative habit, because they don't study things themselves, but only read dead books and study the signs of death. " People who only learn a certain science from books are laymen and pedants, who know neither the customs of various ethnic groups nor nature. A truly intelligent person is one who devotes himself to understanding the essence and meaning of things. Campanella advocated learning all kinds of scientific knowledge, understanding the real connection of all disciplines, and fully understanding things. The education in Sun City trains real scholars, and Sun, the supreme leader of Sun City, is a man who knows the essence of everything.
3. Intuitive teaching. Campanella attaches great importance to education. He said that in the commune life of Sun City, teachers shoulder great tasks. To produce good results, education must have new educational methods. Starting from his theory of perceptual knowledge, campanella emphasized the great role of intuitive teaching. He asserted that it is extremely easy to master scientific knowledge through pictures.
According to the command of wisdom, all kinds of exquisite scientific charts are hung on the inner and outer walls of Sun City to illustrate the development of various sciences in an extremely complete order. Each chart is accompanied by a description in the form of poetry and prose. The first wall is painted with all the stars, mathematical figures, theorems, definitions, a simple description of the customs and habits of the residents there, the legal system, the origin and strength of the nation, and the alphabet of the words they use. The second city wall is painted with all kinds of gems, all kinds of patterns of minerals and metals, and their specimens. The walls are also painted with oceans, rivers, lakes and springs. There is a container full of medicine in the protruding part of the wall. Snow, hail, lightning and various phenomena in the sky are also painted on the wall. The third wall is painted with flowers, trees, fish and marine animals. The fourth wall is painted with all kinds of reptiles and insects, and the fifth wall is painted with all kinds of advanced animals. The sixth wall is painted with various handicrafts, labor tools and usage of various ethnic groups, as well as portraits of all famous scholars, inventors and prestigious historians. Sun City can be said to be a museum of visual AIDS. Teachers in Sun City are responsible for teaching the significance of these many paintings, and adopting this method makes education fast and effective. In the words of Sun City residents, "Our children have gained more knowledge in one year than your children have gained in ten or fifteen years." Through intuitive teaching, children can easily master the basic knowledge of various sciences before the age of ten. Before that, no educator or thinker attached importance to intuitive teaching like campanella.
4. Combination of education and productive labor. The era of scholasticism and reading dead books has passed, and the education in the new era is full of vitality. Campanella showed us that Sun City's utopia and study are closely combined with productive labor. When children reach the age of seven, they are sent to workshops to learn the skills of shoemakers, blacksmiths, carpenters and bakers. The teacher determines the children to learn a certain craft according to their natural hobbies. At the same time, I also went to the suburbs to study agriculture and animal husbandry, and cultivated children to love labor from an early age, so that children can learn to respect any kind of labor. Sun City implements an education system that combines education with productive labor.
5. Combination of social education, manual labor and mental labor. In Sun City, every resident takes part in labor. People in Sun City work four hours a day, and the rest time is spent studying interesting academic problems, engaging in abstract theoretical research, holding symposiums, reading books, telling stories, writing letters, taking walks and doing physical and mental exercises. In addition to using charts, pictures and specimens on the city wall as teaching materials and teaching AIDS, charts are also hung on balconies and cloisters of buildings so that people can learn abstract science in these places. Study all kinds of handicrafts on the lower floor of the colonnade. Studying theology in the temple. People in Sun City love learning and are eager for new knowledge. They often send envoys to some countries to learn about their customs, political systems and history. They allied themselves with China, Thailand and other nationalities in order to gain knowledge from these countries. Because everyone takes part in labor and is engaged in learning and scientific research all his life, Sun City, an ideal country, has become a real learning society, which can also be said to be an "education city".
Sun City was written in prison.
Reading is not allowed in the cell, and prayer books can only be obtained occasionally out of the special favor of prison guards. In such a harsh environment, campanella can still obtain paper, ink and quill pens in various ways. Moreover, he can keep in touch with information inside and outside the prison and can send items. Therefore, what he wrote in prison can generally be safely transferred and will not be seized.
His writing and the preservation of Sun City are also thanks to a girl named Ji Annola.
People call her Nurse Kee Annola. One day, Ji Annola changed the bandage for campanella's burn and sat on the ground muttering to herself. The jailer stood at the door. He told Ji Annola to be careful, saying that a madman can do anything. Ji Anola began to work without saying anything. The jailer doesn't know what happened in the corridor. When Ji Annola changed his bandage and was ready to leave, he asked, "Is there anything else?" Without thinking much, the madman suddenly said, "Yes, I need paper and ink." She was surprised: he knew it was strictly forbidden. Campanella continued to plead: "I will be executed soon! But I am still alive. " She saw the muscles on his cheekbones suddenly bulging nervously, and she felt that this man had great perseverance.
When Ji Annola came again, she quickly put pen and paper and ink under the mattress. Campanella can only thank her with his eyes. To his delight, the ink bottle is small and the bottle cap is tight, so it is easy to collect. He wrote a note to Dionysus. He had no choice. He knew that once he was discovered, it would be the best evidence for him to play the fool. While talking nonsense, he giggled and quickly put the note into her hand and said, "Look out! This is not written by a madman. " She hesitated. Footsteps came from the corridor. He held her hand tightly and said, "Hide quickly." Later, Ji Anola offered to bring him paper, pens and some food without waiting for his request. This time is spring. One day, campanella found a sokcho among the small bundles tied upstairs. He rubbed the soft straw with his hand and smelled its fragrance greedily. He smelled the breath of spring and saw the free sky in the field.
Campanella is eager to know the news outside, and Ji Annola also wants to make him happy. Sometimes she wrapped him a pie or a piece of cheese with the then Roman News. On one occasion, she sent him a small bag of candy, wrapped in a rope in Izvestia. Campanella flattened the newspaper and began to read. His eyes turned black. -He saw the news that Bruno was burned to death. The newspaper reported: "Brother Dao Ming, Master Nora was burned to death in fiori, Kangboji on Thursday. He didn't want to hear the priest persuade him to repent. Instead, he made all kinds of outrageous remarks. In order to punish him, he cut off his tongue with pliers ... ".
After "Vilia", campanella faced death, because the spike penetrated into his body too deeply, and his bleeding could not stop for a long time, and he lost too much blood. After his bleeding stopped, it created a new danger, and scarring was difficult to stop the development of gangrene. To his delight, he can still think How happy a person can think! He pondered for a moment and firmly believed that his ideal would definitely change people's lives. Firm faith and lofty ideals gave him strength and helped him overcome his pain. He believes that there is only one way for human beings, and that is the way to a reasonable commune life. There, all the wealth produced by nature and people belongs to all the people; There, everyone's intelligence and physical strength can be fully developed. His health is really poor. Several times, he saw a small bag tied from above with a rope, but his injured body made him unable to move. He cursed his powerlessness. He no longer wants to escape from prison, and in fact he can't escape from prison. What he is looking forward to is how to save his life and write about Sun City. How he hates death!
The ideal of Sun City inspired him. His writing is very difficult, with dozens of interruptions every day. The wonderful life in Sun City always excites him. Sun City has stipulated a very clear principle of communism, implementing public ownership and having no private property at all. Everyone is engaged in voluntary labor, and the society organizes the production and distribution of products. He firmly believes that this is the only reasonable social system and will win the world sooner or later.
Ideal makes campanella's blood boil. When he handed the last page of the manuscript of Sun City to Ji Annola, campanella felt very happy. Vilia squeezed him dry, but he still secretly wrote Sun City with his tortured and disabled hands and carrying the jailer. He felt victory in his heart.