Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics are a group of painters and painters with similar styles who lived in Yangzhou in the middle of Qing Dynasty in China, or Yangzhou Painting School. In the history of painting in China, there are different opinions, generally recognized as: Jin Nong, Zheng Xie, Huang Shen, Shan Li, Li, Wang, Gao Xiang, Bian Shoumin and others.

1, Zheng Xie (the legendary monster)

Zheng Xie? (1693- 1765), word kerou,No. Jiangsu Banqiao? Xinghua, the champion of Kangxi imperial examination, was a juren in the tenth year of Yongzheng and a scholar in the first year of Qianlong. Officials in Fanxian and Weixian counties in Shandong province have a political voice, demanding to relieve the hunger of the people and to be big officials, so they ask for illness. Before and after he became an official, he lived in Yangzhou and made a living by painting and calligraphy. He is good at drawing orchids, bamboos, stones, pines and chrysanthemums. But he painted orchids for more than 50 years and achieved the most outstanding results. From Xu Wei, Shi Tao,? Badashan people are self-styled, slim and tough. Calligraphy, with China eight points mixed with cursive script, claiming to be? Six and a half books. Calligraphy pen is integrated into painting. It advocates inheriting tradition, taking seven and abandoning three, and paying attention to artistic originality and diversification of styles. The so-called "no painting before, no pattern after, no pattern after painting" still has reference significance today. Poetry is sincere and interesting and deeply loved by the people. It can also be cured and printed. There are complete works of Zheng Banqiao, printed copies of Mr. Banqiao, etc.

His masterpiece is a picture of bamboo and stone. Banqiao takes "there is nothing to do in the chest" as the theory. He painted bamboo without the teacher's inheritance, but more from the sunlight and the moon shadow on the paper window powder wall, so he adopted a natural method directly. In response to Su Dongpo's statement that he had a well-thought-out plan, Banqiao stressed that he should have a well-thought-out plan. These two theories seem contradictory, but they are similar in essence. At the same time, they emphasize the high combination of conception and skill, but the method of Banqiao should be "like lightning and thunder, and all plants are angry." Banqiao's "Bamboo Stone Map" shows that bamboo stands tall and straight, rising from the ground. His leaves, each with a different expression, are dark and watery, with distinct shades, vividly showing the texture of bamboo. In composition, Banqiao handled the relationship between the position of bamboo and stone and the words used in poetry very harmoniously. The slender and quiet beauty of bamboo sets off another style of stone. This overgrown plant has become an ideal dreamland for Banqiao. Even Jin Nong, one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", lamented the bamboo in Banqiao. Compared with their paintings, the bamboo he painted was not as elegant as Banqiao.

2. Gao Xiang (strange in indifference)

Gao Xiang (1688- 1753), a native of Ganquan County, Yangzhou Prefecture, Jiangsu Province, was a painter in the Qing Dynasty and one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". Household cloth. Good at painting landscapes and flowers. His landscape paintings are based on Hong Ren and Shi Tao, and most of his small landscape paintings come from sketches. Beautiful and elegant, it has its own pattern. Plum paintings are all thin and thin, and they all win with rhyme. He is also good at taking pictures. Jin Nong and Wang's poems are all small portraits printed first, that is, written by Gao Xiang, with concise line drawing and realistic performance. Fine carving, learning process ear. He is also good at poetry, including West Tang Poetry.

In his later years, he often painted with his left hand because of his disability in his right hand. Make friends with Shi Tao, Jin Nong and Wang. In the Qing Dynasty, Li Dou recorded in The Original Boat of Yangzhou: "When Shi Tao died, the Western Tang Dynasty swept his grave every spring until his death." It means that after Shi Tao's death, Gao Xiang visited the grave every spring until his death. We can also see the depth of their friendship from here. In addition to painting landscapes and flowers, Gao Xiang is also good at portraits and prints.

3. Jin Nong (a gifted scholar)

Jin Nong (1687- 1764), a native of Renhe (now Hangzhou), Zhejiang Province, has long lived in Yangzhou. I have never been an official in my life, and I was recommended to be a scholar and a poet. I entered Beijing and came back without trying. He is well-read and versatile. He began to paint after the age of 50 and was poor all his life. He is good at flowers and birds, landscapes and figures, especially at ink painting and plum blossom. His paintings are simple in shape, elegant in layout and novel in conception. His works include "Fan Mi Tu" and "The More Painting". At first, he created a kind of official script, calling himself "lacquer script", which had another interest, and was also called Jin Nong style or Dong Xin style. His strokes are thick and thin, elegant and heavy, and his fonts are mostly rectangular, top-heavy and very beautiful.

Fine seal cutting and identification, good at painting bamboo, plum, pommel horse, Buddha statue, figure and landscape. Your plum blossoms are full of vitality and flourish. It is also related to Gu Zhuo's stone brushwork, and its style is quaint and simple. His works include Mu Meitu and Yue Yue. He is also good at reciting,' When every painting is completed, there must be an inscription and a touch of feelings'. He is also good at calligraphy, taking the method from Tianfa Qin Shen Monument, Guo Shan Monument and Gulang Monument. Writing official script is simple, and regular script has its own style, which is called' lacquer script' and has another interest. It is also called Jinnong style or Eastcom style. The strokes are thick and thin, elegant and heavy, and the fonts are mostly rectangular, top-heavy and very beautiful. Seal cutting existed in Qin and Han Dynasties. His poetry collections include Mr. Dong Xin's Collection and Mr. Dong Xin's Miscellaneous Collection. In Dong Xin, calligraphy and painting inscriptions are compiled into bamboo paintings, plum paintings, horse paintings, self-portraits and miscellaneous paintings.

4. Li Shan (blame in life)

Li Shan (1686- 1762), a native of Xinghua, Jiangsu. Kangxi was promoted in fifty years, and in fifty-three years, painting was called a sacrifice of the imperial court. Because I don't want to be bound by orthodox painting style, I am excluded. After three years of Qianlong, he was elected as the magistrate of tengxian and returned to the provincial government. After two different titles and a demotion, he went to Yangzhou to sell paintings for a living. He has the closest relationship with Zheng Xie, so Zheng has the saying that "Yangzhou sells paintings and is old with Li". In his early years, he studied landscape painting with fellow countryman Wei. On the way to Huang, he studied painting with Jiang Tingfu. And then to the finger painting master? Seek advice from a high position and advocate freehand brushwork. In Yangzhou, he was inspired by Shi Tao's brushwork, so he splashed ink with broken pens, and his painting style changed greatly, forming his own unique style. In this style, pen and ink blended into a strange taste. He likes to draw long articles, and his writing style is uneven, which makes the pictures very rich, and his works have a great influence on flower-and-bird painting in the late Qing Dynasty.

5, Huangshen (savvy)

Huang Shen (after 1687- 1770) was born in Ninghua, Fujian. He is good at freehand brushwork figures, intercropping flowers and birds, landscapes and bold colors. As one of the Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou, he is an all-round painter.

When I was young, I studied hard and lived in a small temple because of family difficulties. A book is a painting, and there is no wax at night. I read it from a Buddhist temple lamp. He is good at drawing numbers. In his early years, he studied under the official Zhou Dynasty and did more meticulous work. Later, inspired by the original work of Huai Su, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, he painted with wild brushwork and became a freehand brushwork.

Huang Shen's freehand brushwork figures created a unique style of putting cursive script into painting. When Huai Su's cursive script arrived in Huang Shen, it became a' broken hair and baldness', and the combination of cotton was intermittent, with more bold brushwork and style. Such a wild brushwork, the brushwork is "swift as the wind", the weather is majestic, and the stippling is like a wind leaf. Huang Shen's figure paintings, mostly based on fairy tales, depict the lives of historical figures and ordinary people such as woodcutters, fishermen, vagrants and beggars in real life, bringing a new breath to figure paintings in Qing Dynasty. Huang Shen's photo album "Beauty Watching Flowers" depicts a beauty's obsession with flowers. The map of Xishan crane is based on Su Shi's Flying Crane Pavilion. On the right side of this picture, there is a white crane. The old man seems to be looking up at the cranes flying in the air. The boy is holding a flower basket, but he is very happy. "I dreamed of Yangzhou Road all my life, and the empty cranes returned" (Huang Shen's "Crane Training in Lin Bu"). Huang Shen lived in Yangzhou twice and spent 17 years in Yangzhou, which became his lifelong attachment. His figure paintings are the most distinctive, including four-LUN diagram, group begging diagram, fisherman diagram and so on. His poems were collected by fellow countryman Hong Lei and compiled into Jiaohu Poetry Collection.

6. Li (Blame on stubbornness)

Where's Li? (1695 ~ 1755) China was a poet and painter in Qing dynasty, born in Tongzhou (now Nantong, Jiangsu). Living in Jinling Borrowing Landscape Garden, claiming to be the owner of Borrowing Landscape Garden. It is one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". Born into an official family, he served as an agent for Le 'an county magistrate, Lanshan county magistrate, Qianshan county magistrate and Chuzhou magistrate. When he was an official, he was dismissed for false accusation. After he became an official, he borrowed a garden in Nanjing, became the owner of the garden in his own name, and often went to Yangzhou to sell paintings. Have contacts with Li Shan, Jin Nong and Zheng Xie. Specializing in poetry, calligraphy and painting, good at plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, pine and fish. He pays attention to the tradition of learning from nature and can be unique. His brushwork is vigorous, his knife method is simple and vivid. It is listed as one of the eight eccentrics in Yangzhou. There are handed down "Wind Bamboo Map", "Fish Tour Map" and "Meme Map". The author of Plum Blossom House Poetry. He is good at drawing pines, bamboos, orchids, chrysanthemums, plums, miscellaneous flowers, insects and fish, and is also good at drawing figures and landscapes, especially plums. The works are free and unconstrained, full of ink and brush, careless and informal, which is intended to be between Ivy League, Bai Yang and Zhu Han. Plum paintings are famous for their thin and hard stems and new branches, and their sides are curved. "Plum blossom means" is printed in the user's room, and the famous poem Shi Mei has a sentence "Don't blame for being frustrated". I also like to draw pine and bamboo in the strong wind. The work "Shi Neng" was edited by later generations, and there were only 26 poems, mostly scattered in paintings.

7. Wang (strange people)

Wang (1686- 1759), whose real name is Chilin, alias Waishi, is an old man in late spring, originally from Shexian County, Anhui Province, who lives in Yangzhou and sells paintings for a living. Flowers and plants, pen at will, colorful. He is especially good at painting plums and often goes to Meihualing outside Yangzhou to enjoy and write plums. Plum blossoms are famous for their dense branches, elegant and beautiful, Jin Nong said; The beauty of painting plum lies in the fact that Guangling has two friends, Wang Chao's forest painting is numerous, and Gao Xitang's painting is sparse. But judging from his paintings of plums, not all of them are flourishing, but they tend to be thinner. No matter how simple or complicated, you have time to wrap up the fragrance and enjoy the snow and mountains. At the age of 54, he was blind in his left eye, but he could still draw plum blossoms. When he showed his beauty, he engraved: he was born blind in his left eye, but he still kept one eye for plum blossoms. Sixty-seven years old, blind, but still able to write weeds, but also pay attention to the mind. Turning a blind eye is not turning a blind eye to one's own heart. Good poem, author of Selected Poems in the Nest Forest.

8. Luo Pin (blamed on the mission)

(1733- 1799), whose real name is Dunfu, whose real name is Liangfeng, whose real name is Huasi monk, Jinniushan, Zhou fisherman and old man. Famous painter in Qing Dynasty, one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". Originally from Shexian County, Anhui Province, I lived in Yangzhou. He once lived in Tommy Lane, Caiyi Street, calling himself "Zhu Cao Shilin". I am a disciple of Jin Nong. I am not an official, so I am good at traveling. Painting figures, Buddha statues, landscapes, flowers and fruits, plums, orchids, bamboos, etc. , omnipotent. The writing style is fantastic, aloof and unique. He is also good at drawing funny pictures of ghosts and describing all kinds of ugly ghosts, which are extremely wonderful to satirize the ugliness of society at that time. He is also a poet, and he is the author of Night Vanilla Hall. He is also good at seal cutting, and he is the author of Biography of Guangyin People. After Jin Nong's death, he collected manuscripts and contributed engravings, so that Jin Nong's works could be passed down to later generations. His wife? Fang Wanyi, whose real name is Bai Lian, is also good at painting Mei Shi and writing poems. Both Zi and Yun Yong are good at painting plums, so they are called "Luo Pai". Representative works include: Weather Outside Things (Picture Book), Two Peaks Covered with Flowers, Autumn Height in Dangui, Sunrise in the Shade, Singing in Gu Qing, Painting Bamboo with Sound, etc. (This article Source: Gu Fengxin)

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Zheng Xie anecdote:

Zheng Xie's "Rare Puzzlement"

Influenced by the Confucian thought of "cultivating one's morality, governing the country and calming the world", Zheng Xie asked himself to "be a good person first" and be an official to "contribute to the world and save the people". In literary creation, he also advocates that "reason must be attributed to sages, and writing must be cut to daily use" and "be a master's article, not a slave's article". Many of his poems depict the lives of the poor and expose the cruelty and greed of the rich and the petty officials. In painting and calligraphy, he deeply felt that it was a shameful "vulgar thing" to let people play well with pen and ink, and proposed: "All my paintings of orchids, bamboos and stones are used to comfort the working people all over the world, not for the people all over the world to enjoy."

In his creation, he tried to make his works have ethical and moral education significance. In dealing with tradition and the success of predecessors, we advocate "learning half, moving half" and "learning its meaning is not between the signs". That is, "don't stick to the ancient law, don't hold your own opinions, just live." Pay attention to your creativity and "refuse sales promotion from people". He attached great importance to the direct observation of nature and sprouted paintings with true feelings. He once said, "There is nothing I can learn from where I draw bamboo, and there are more middle ears than paper windows and powder walls." Advocating the creative method of "nothing in the chest", this paper points out the connection and difference between "having a bamboo in the eye", "having a bamboo in the chest" and "having a bamboo in the hand", and describes in detail the creative process from observation, feeling, conception and brewing to writing, which is unique and unique.

Many of his creative feelings and experiences can be found in inscriptions and poems, such as "being redundant and painting is familiar", which are valuable aesthetic viewpoints.