cause
1870 In the spring and summer, an epidemic occurred in Tianjin, and a large number of babies adopted by French Catholic foundries died, as many as 30 to 40 people. In fact, the main reason for the death of a large number of babies is that many babies who have been elected have been taken to nurseries. At this time, rumors spread rapidly in Tianjin, saying that priests and nuns of Catholic churches often sent people to kidnap children with drugs, gouge their eyes and cut their hearts. There are more and more rumors, more and more widespread, more and more believers, and people's anger is getting stronger and stronger. In this situation as dangerous as an explosive barrel, the Qing government, which should have calmed the situation, added fuel to the fire. Kidnapping and abducting children has always existed. At this time, two criminals named Zhang Shuan and Guo Guai were arrested. According to the notice of Tianjin municipal government, "Zhang Shuan and Guo Guai abducted young children with drugs. I heard that there are many criminals, so I asked them to spread them around to lure young children to gouge out their brains and hearts for prescription. " The first sentence is true, but the important second sentence is written in "hearsay" without evidence. Government documents formally state the folk rumor that "abducted children take out their brains and cut off their hearts for dispensing medicines", and even point to the church without saying anything.
pass by
On the morning of June 2 1, Liu Jie, the magistrate of Tianjin, took Wu Lanzhen, a prisoner, to confront the Catholic Church in Wanghailou, and found that there was no Wang Sanzi or shed fence provided by Wu Lanzhen in the church. "It is said that the prisoner doesn't know the people in the hall and can't testify." Father Xie Gospel has also discussed with Chonghou how to deal with the aftermath of the nursery. Since the official officially affirmed the initial rumors, there have been many rumors and letters, and the folk catching wind has risen sharply. At this time, Tianjin people often gather around the church in groups of three or five, and make all kinds of remarks angrily. At this time, people arrested another kidnapper named Wu Lanzhen. After strict examination by the Tianjin government, Wu Lanzhen claimed that the drugs used in her crime were provided by the French Catholic Charity Church in Tianjin. Although it was not verified, the news spread like wildfire. Tianjin people and scholars are convinced that this is true, and the crowd is full of passion. The gentry gathered in the Confucius Temple, and the academy closed its classes to denounce it. As many as ten thousand angry citizens gathered outside the church. The parishioners and the common people not only quarreled, but also threw bricks and beat them. The sound alarmed the French consulate not far from the church. Fontanie (Fontanier, HenriVictor), a consul who has always been arrogant and showed no concern for the people and the government of China, had a bad temper, and hastily brought people into Tianjin, demanding that local officials Chonghou and Zhang Guangzao deploy troops to suppress him. After being rejected, the insatiable Uncle Feng met Liu Jie, the magistrate of Jinghai County, on his way back. Just as Liu was arguing with him, Uncle Feng shot Liu and killed Liu Jie and Ding, who were walking in front. Uncle Feng's shooting and killing behavior naturally aroused the Tianjin civil unrest. Hundreds of angry onlookers immediately killed Uncle Feng and his entourage, killed 10 nuns, 2 priests, 2 other French consulate staff, 2 French expatriates, 3 Russian expatriates and more than 30 China believers, and burned down the French consulate, Wanghailou Catholic Church, Kindness Church and 4 Christian churches run by local British and American missionaries. Caused a big event that shocked China and foreign countries. On June 24, foreign warships came to Tianjin, and the ministers of the seven countries protested to the Prime Minister's yamen, led by France.
result
The French initially demanded the execution of officials in charge of China, and the Qing Dynasty sent Zeng Guofan, governor of Zhili, to investigate and negotiate with the French. At that time, most officials in the imperial court thought that they should not give in to it and would not hesitate to fight, so the situation was tense. Considering the situation at that time, Zeng Guofan did not want to go to war with France. He first offered compensation to Britain, the United States and Russia so that he could finally negotiate with France alone. On the 10th day of June in the ninth year of Tongzhi, Zeng Guofan arrived in Tianjin, and immediately issued "Yu Tianjin Jinshi", accusing the people of Tianjin in many ways. After his investigation and careful investigation, it was confirmed that there was no abduction and injury to children in the nursery, and abduction, gouging out eyes and cutting off hearts were rumors. For example, two bottles accused of containing baby's eyeballs were opened by Qing government officials and turned out to be pickled onions. So at the request of the law, it was decided to finally execute 18 people (,Cui,, Feng lame and so on. , the execution date was 10, 19), 25 people were exiled, and Tianjin magistrate Zhang Guangzao and magistrate Liu Jie were sent to Heilongjiang to compensate foreigners for their loss of 462,000 silver. Li Hongzhang also believes that "the end of the year is a case with one life." However, France accepted this condition because it did not attach importance to oriental affairs in the subsequent Franco-Prussian War.
The influence of editing this paragraph
As a result of this negotiation, people in the imperial court and public opinion were very dissatisfied. "The voice of criticism is very loud, and it has actually added a traitor's badge to the country." Especially the hometown of Hunan, the capital city, was cited as the great shame of the villagers, which greatly affected Zeng Guofan's reputation. On the other hand, the news of religious plans in Tianjin has also affected other parts of the country, resulting in bad rumors and distrust of western missionaries, which have also caused religious plans in some areas. Due to the boiling public resentment, the court asked Li Hongzhang to succeed Zeng Guofan. In the year of handover, I asked Li, "What are you going to do when you negotiate with foreigners?" Li replied, "I want to negotiate with foreigners. Anyway, I just fight him." Li Hongzhang finally decided to change the original 20 death sentences to 16 death sentences, with 4 suspended sentences and the rest unchanged. Zeng Guofan was lambasted, "ashamed, angry and clear, guilty of gods", and died a year later. 1897, Wanghailou Catholic Church was rebuilt after being vacant for more than 20 years, and was burned down for the second time during the Boxer Movement. Boxer indemnity is used for the second reconstruction of 1903.