Interpretation: Pei Songzhi's Notes on the Three Kingdoms. "Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Zhi, Monroe" Pei Songzhi quoted Biography of Jiang Biao: "At the beginning, Quan said Meng, and Jiang Qin said,' Be in charge now, learn to be self-interested'." Gaspard monge: "In the army, I often have many tasks. I'm afraid I can't go back to school. Quan said,' Do you want to be a doctor alone? But it's time to dabble in the past Who is lonely when you talk too much? When I was a lonely teenager, I studied poetry, books, rites, Zuo Zhuan and Mandarin, but I didn't read Yi. Since the reunification, the three provincial histories and various military books have considered it of great benefit. If it is two people, you will be enlightened and you will learn. Why not do it? Read The Art of War, Six Classics, Zuo Zhuan, Mandarin and Three History. "... I have been studying since I was a child, and I am tireless in my determination. What I have seen is incomparable to old Confucianism. After a generation of Zhou Yu, Lu Su often wanted to be wronged. Su Daimeng said behind his back: "I am called Big Brother, but I am very sensitive to martial arts. As for today, I have knowledge and don't want to go back to Wu to Amon. "
Description: Wu Xia refers to Wu Dong. Amon refers to the Dongwu general Monroe. He didn't receive a good education, so Sun Quan advised him and Jiang Qin to read more art books and history books. Lv Meng's diligent study is of great benefit. Lu Su talked with him, but he was often refuted by Monroe. Lu Su said approvingly, You are no longer the old Wu Dong Amon. Later, he praised others as "Wu Xia Amon", which changed a lot and made obvious progress; Or the other way around. Modesty means that you have not made progress. Also known as "Amon Wu Xia". Jin Yuanmin's Reading Yu Xiong's Poems: "Wuxia Amon won't go to Japan, and the new article is about Jiuquan." Huang Qing Ren Jing's "Wen Zhi Ding Cun Mu You": "Amongwu is still the same, and he wants to go to church tomorrow."
Zhu Ziqing (1989— 1948), formerly known as Huazi, was born on the ninth day of October in Guangxu (
1898165438+1October 22nd), died in1August 948 12. Originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Because three generations all settled in Yangzhou, graduated from Jiangsu No.8 Middle School in Yangzhou at that time and worked as teachers in Yangzhou, they called themselves "Yangzhou people". He is a famous writer and scholar in modern times.
There are 27 kinds of Zhu Ziqing's works, totaling about 6.5438+0.9 million words, including poetry, prose, literary criticism and academic research. Most of the income is four volumes of Zhu Ziqing's collected works published by Ming Kai Bookstore 1953. From 65438 to 0988, Jiangsu Education Publishing House collected, sorted out and published six complete works of Zhu Ziqing. Although Zhu Ziqing began to write new poems after the May 4th Movement, the Qinhuai River under the Shadows of Paddles and Lights published by 1923 shows his talent in prose creation. From then on, he devoted himself to prose creation and made remarkable achievements. 1928' s collection of essays "Back" made Zhu Ziqing a famous prose writer at that time.
Zhu Ziqing's prose is mainly narrative and lyric prose. The theme of his works can be divided into three series: one is a group of essays with the main content of writing social life and attacking dark reality. Representative works include The Cost of Life-Seventy cents, White People-God's Favorite, and Government Massacre. Second, a group of essays, represented by figures, children and bereaved women, mainly describe personal and family life, showing the human relationship between father and son, husband and wife and friends, with strong human feelings. Thirdly, a group of lyric sketches with natural scenery as the theme, such as Green, Spring, Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights, Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, are his representative works. The latter two essays are the best written by Zhu Ziqing, among which "The Back" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" are well-known masterpieces. His prose is simple and meticulous, clear and gloomy, famous for its refined language and beautiful writing style, and full of true feelings.
Li Bai (70 1 ~ 762)
China was a poet in Tang Dynasty. The word is too white, and the number is purple. Mian Governor Long (now Jiangyou, Sichuan) was born.
In his youth, Li Bai studied in a wide range. In addition to Confucian classics and ancient literary and historical masterpieces, he also browsed hundreds of books and became a "good swordsman". Believing in Taoism, having the idea of transcending the secular; At the same time, he has the political ambition to make contributions. The poems he wrote in Shu as a teenager are rarely preserved, but they show outstanding talent. Li Bai traveled in eastern Sichuan when he was about twenty-five or six years old. In the following 10 years, he roamed many places in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Yellow River. In the 18th year of Kaiyuan (730), he once arrived in Chang 'an to strive for a political way out, but failed. In the first year of Tianbao (742), he was called by Xuanzong to worship Hanlin in Chang 'an as a minister of civil affairs and participated in drafting documents. Less than two years later, he was forced to resign and leave Beijing. During this period, Li Bai's poetry and song creation tends to be mature. 1 1 years later, continue to wander in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. "Wandering around the world, it is suitable for poetry and wine." He still cares about state affairs and hopes to be re-appointed by the court. In the third year of Tianbao, Li Bai met Du Fu in Luoyang and became good friends. They didn't meet again after breaking up the next year. In the fourteenth year of Tianbao, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Li Bai lived in seclusion in Xuancheng (now Anhui) and Lushan Mountain. In the following year1February, he was invited to Lilin, the shogunate of Wang Yong, hoping to eliminate the rebellion and restore national unity. After Wang Yong angered Su Zong and was killed, Li Bai was also found guilty, imprisoned in Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) and soon exiled to Yelang (now Tongzi, Guizhou). On the way, I was forgiven and came back. I was 59 years old. Living in Jiangnan area in his later years. At the age of 6 1, I heard that Qiu Li Guangbi led an army out of the city to attack the Anshi rebels and went north to join the army to kill the enemy. He turned back halfway due to illness. The following year, he died in the apartment of his uncle Dangtu (now Anhui) county magistrate Li.
Literary creation Li Bai's poems have been lost a lot, and there are still more than 900 poems with rich and colorful contents.
Tao Yuanming
Tao Yuanming was the most outstanding writer in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and even the whole Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Tao Yuanming (365-427) was born in Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi), with a clear or hidden word. There is Tao Yuanming's collection. His great-grandfather Tao Kan was a great star in the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He put Qiang Bing in charge of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, served as the military commander of eight states, and made Changsha a county magistrate, which made him famous for a while. Posthumously presented to Fu. Grandfather Tao Maoguan is a prefect and father is an official. As the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Dao family was not as noble as the famous family in the south, but also a big family in Xunyang. It's just that Tao Yuanming's family came down because his father died when he was young. At the age of 29, he became an official, offered drinks in Jiangzhou, and soon retired. Later, he successively became a lower-ranking official such as Zhenjun and Jianwei, and lived an anonymous life as an official.
Xi Chu overlord Xiang Yu
Xiang Yu (232- 202 BC) was born in Xiaxiang (now southwest of Suqian, Jiangsu). Chu descended from the door. After Chu's death, he went into exile with his uncle Xiang Liang in Wuzhong (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). When I was young, I couldn't learn calligraphy, but I still couldn't learn sword. Determined to learn "the enemy of ten thousand people" (that is, the ability to resist ten thousand people), I learned the art of war from my uncle. But I just have a "little knowledge" and refuse to study. "Xiang Yu is eight feet tall and can lift the tripod. When he was young, he was ambitious. When Qin Shihuang visited Zhejiang (now Qiantang River), Xiang Yu saw his horses and chariots commanding, and blurted out, "You can replace them. "In the first year of Qin Ershi (2009), Chen Sheng and Guangwu raised their arms in osawa Township. Xiang Yu responded with Xiang Liang in Wuzhong. Twenty-four-year-old Xiang Yu was promoted by the wind and rain of the people's uprising.
After the Xiang Liang Uprising, he recruited 8,000 elite soldiers, and Xiang Yu became General Ka (Lieutenant). For the convenience of addressing, counselor Fan Zeng suggested that Xiong Xin, the grandson of former Chu Huaiwang, should be king, with its capital in Xuyi, and still be called Chu Huaiwang. Xiang Liang led the rebel army to victory in the battle with Qin Jun, which produced the idea of being proud and underestimating the enemy. As a result, Xiang Liang died in Dingtao (now northwest of Dingtao County, Shandong Province) when he was defeated by the army led by Han.
After the Battle of Dingtao, Qin Jun crossed the Yellow River in the north, attacked the prince of Zhao who opposed Qin, and besieged the Zhao army in Julu (now Pingxiang, Hebei). Chu Huaiwang appointed Yi Song as general and Xiang Yu as deputy general, and led his troops to save him. Yi Song led his troops to Anyang (now south of Anyang, Henan Province), then hesitated and stationed for 46 days. At that time, it was raining continuously, and the rebels were short of food and clothing and were in trouble. Xiang Yu made a decisive decision, killed him, forced him to be a general, and ordered him to immediately send troops to the north to save Zhao.
Xiang Yu arrived at the south bank of Zhanghe River, facing Qin Jun across the river. He first sent Ying Bu and General Pu to lead twenty thousand soldiers to cross the river, cut off Qin Jun's grain transportation channel, and then led the main force to cross the river, chisel sunken ships, destroy cooking utensils and burn camps, and each person only took three days' rations. This is the origin of the famous idiom "cross the rubicon". On the battlefield, ChuJun surrounded Qin Jun with thunderous action. Xiang Yu took the lead and set an example. The Chu army bravely killed the enemy, defeated it, captured Wang Li, the general of Qin, and killed Su Jiao, the deputy commander of Qin, forcing him to commit suicide and solving the siege of the giant deer. When Xiang Yu's army fought fiercely with Qin Jun, the reinforcements of various governors crowded on the barriers and watched, afraid to take part in the war. After the battle, Xiang Yu called reinforcements and generals. They "entered the Yuanmen and marched on their knees, afraid to look up". Xiang Yu became the commander-in-chief of the vassal army.
After the Battle of Julu, Xiang Yu pursued his victory, and Qin Jun was losing ground, and his morale was scattered. Zhang Han saw that the tide was gone and led two hundred thousand Qin Jun to surrender to Xiang Yu. On the way to the Western Expedition, Xiang Yu ordered the killing of all 200,000 soldiers in Xin 'an City (now Shengchi Cave in Henan Province). At this time, another rebel, Liu Bang, was pinned down by Xiang Yu with Qin Jun as the main force in Julu, and Guanzhong was empty and occupied Xianyang.
Dissatisfied, Xiang Yu led his army to break through the customs and enter Hong Men (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi). At that time, Xiang Yu's army was 400,000, and Liu Bangjun was less than100,000. The strength of the two sides is very different. Liu Bang's strength was lost to Xiang Yu, so he adopted Sean's plan to woo his uncle Xiang Yu.
Uncle, go to Hong Men to confess yourself. At the hongmen banquet, swords and swords flashed in the crisscross of flowers. Fan Zeng, the counselor of Xiang Yu, raised the jade piece several times, suggesting that Xiang Yu killed Liu Bang, but Xiang Yu was indecisive and Liu Bang escaped. This is the story of the famous "Hongmen Banquet" in history. Xiang Yu relied on powerful forces to temporarily suppress Liu Bang. Led the troops into Xianyang, "kill Qin, burn Qin Gong, the fire will not go out in March, collect its treasure, and women will go east" (historical records? Xiang Yu Benji). Relying on his military talents, Xiang Yu pretended to be a vassal and general and gave orders. He established himself as the overlord of the West Chu, taking nine counties in Liangchu (accounting for parts of Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong and Henan) and Pengcheng (Xuzhou, Jiangsu) as his capital. At the same time, the land was ceded to the king and the eighteen princes were enfeoffed. Liu Bang was named Hanwang, Wang Hanzhong and Bashu in an attempt to limit the development of Liu Bang's forces and prevent them from moving eastward. As a result, raising tigers is a problem, which leads to the resurgence of Han army forces in the future.
Due to the unfair enfeoffment of Xiang Yu, the princes were dissatisfied. One is that Tian Rong destroyed Chu according to Qi, Xiang Yu quickly led the army to the East, and Liu Bang took advantage of the gap to advance eastward. In August 2008 BC, the Han army sneaked out of Hanzhong, defeated Xiang Yu's enfeoffment of the three kings of Qin, and quickly moved eastward, reaching Yang Xia (now Taikang, Henan). Then, while Xiang Yu was at war with the Qi army, he rushed into Pengcheng, the capital of Chu, and Xiang Yu hurriedly led 30 thousand chosen men to save Pengcheng.
At this point, Liu bang relied on the strength of the army to paralyze the enemy. Xiang Yu's army was eager to recover lost ground and was full of fighting spirit. Xiang Yu led three Wan Chu armies out (now southeast of Yutai, Shandong Province) to Xiao (now northwest of Xiaoxian County, Jiangsu Province) and reached the flank of the Han army in Pengcheng. The battle began at dawn, and Chu Jun was brave and tenacious, fighting and rushing. By noon, the Han army had been defeated. The Chu army chased Surabaya in the northeast of Pengcheng, and the Han army fell into the water one after another, killing more than 100,000 people. The Han army fled to the southern mountainous area, and the Chu army chased Suishui to the east of Lingbi (now Anhui Province), killing hundreds of thousands of people. Liu Bang only led dozens of riders out of the tight encirclement, and even his wife Lv Zhi and his father Taigong were captured by Xiang Yu. In the battle of Pengcheng, Xiang Yu made a decisive decision and quickly led a good soldier to rescue Pengcheng. Unexpectedly, he defeated hundreds of thousands of Han troops, which is a model in the history of war.
After the Battle of Pengcheng, Xiang Yu pursued his victory and fought with Liu Bang in Jingyi and Suoting (west and south of Xingyang), but he was blocked to the east of Xingyang. The two sides have been arguing over the elevation area for two years. During this period, Liu Bang took correct operational guidance, stuck to the height, consumed the strength of the other side in the protracted war and waited for an opportunity to fight back; Xiang Yu fought a decisive battle with Liu Bang, but he couldn't rush. The strength of the two sides has undergone fundamental changes. The Han army has changed from weak to strong, and Xiang Yu has changed from strong to weak. In the fifth year of the Han Dynasty (2002), Liu Bang sent his troops to launch a general attack on Xiang Yu and surrounded the Xiang Yu Legion. At this point, the Ten Wan Chu Army was exhausted and demoralized. At night, the voice of the Han army singing Chu songs came from all directions. Xiang Yu ate the stork, drank wine to drown his sorrows, and sang generously and sadly: "If you pull out the mountain, you will be angry with the world and never die." . What can I do if I don't die, but what can I do if I worry? "Sing fly horse, led eight hundred ride to break south. In Dongcheng (now southeast of Dingyuan, Anhui), there were only 28 people left. He wanted to cross the Wujiang River and regroup, but he felt ashamed to meet his elders in Jiangdong. He fought hard for a while and died with a sword.
Xin Qiji (1 140- 1207) was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word euan, no. Jia Xuan was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). At birth, Shandong was occupied by nomadic people. At the age of 21, he joined the anti-Jin army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. He has been to Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian and eastern Zhejiang. During his tenure, he took active measures to recruit exiles, train the army, reward farming, fight corruption, and attach importance to stability and people's livelihood. He persisted in resisting gold all his life. In the notes of Ten Comments on Meiqin and Nine Comments, the political and military situation at that time was analyzed in detail, which strongly refuted the fallacy of exaggerating the strength of nomadic people and advocating compromise and surrender. It is required to strengthen operational preparations and boost morale in order to restore the Central Plains. His anti-gold suggestion was not adopted and was hit by the peace faction. I have left my post for a long time and lived in Shangrao and Lead Mountain in Jiangxi. I used it in my later years and soon died of illness. His ci tries to restore the patriotic enthusiasm of national reunification, pour out the grief and indignation of hard-to-pay ambition, and expose and criticize the humiliating surrender of the upper ruling group in the Southern Song Dynasty. There are also many works that praise the rivers and mountains of the motherland. The artistic style is diverse, mainly bold. Passionate, generous and tragic, vigorous brushwork, and Su Shi are also called "Su Xin". Famous for breaking the array, Chen Tongfu gave Zhuang words to recall the past, Yong Yule, Jingkou, Gu Beiting, Shuilongyin, Deng Jiankang, Shangxin Pavilion and Bodhisattva Man, and wrote a wall in Jiangxi. However, some works also reveal negative emotions caused by unfulfilled ambitions. And "Jia He's Short Sentence". Modern people compiled Notes on Xin Jiaxuan's Poems.
Qu Yuan
(Before 339? ~ top 278？ )
Chu people were outstanding politicians and patriotic poets at the end of the Warring States period. The name is flat and the word is original. Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong's son Qu Xian's descendants. Danyang (now Zigui, Hubei) people.
Qu Yuan experienced three periods in his life: Chu Weiwang, Chu Huaiwang and King Xiang of Qing Dynasty, and his main activities were in the period of Chu Huaiwang. This period is the eve of China's imminent reunification. "Qin Huang is horizontal, Chu Wang is vertical." Qu was born in a famous family, good at dealing with chaos and rhetoric, and was highly valued in his early years. He was a doctor of Zuotu. In order to realize the great cause of Chu's reunification, Qu Yuan actively assisted in the reform to strengthen the country, and insisted on uniting Qi with foreign countries to resist Qin, which once made Chu rich and strong. However, due to the sharp contradiction between Qu Yuan and the decadent aristocratic group of Chu State in internal affairs and diplomacy, and the jealousy of Shangguan doctor and others, Qu Yuan was later framed by a clique and alienated by Chu Huaiwang.
In the fifteenth year of Wang Huai (the first 304 years), from Qin to Chu, Zhang Yi bribed Shanxi merchants, Zilan, Zheng Xiu and others as spies with huge sums of money, and at the same time deceived Wang Huai with "offering merchants for 600 miles", which led to the breaking of diplomatic relations between Qi and Chu. After being deceived, he became angry from embarrassment and sent troops to Qin twice, both of which were defeated. Therefore, Qu Yuan was ordered to send an envoy to Qi State to rebuild the friendship between Qi and Chu. Once again, Zhang Yi failed to disintegrate the Qi-Chu alliance from Qin to Chu. In twenty-four years, Qin Chu formed an alliance with Huang Ci, and Chu was completely embraced by the State of Qin. Qu Yuan was also expelled from the capital and moved to the Northern Han Dynasty.
Thirty years after Wang Huai, Qu Yuan returned to Du Ying. In the same year, Qin made an appointment with the military attache, was detained by Qin, and finally died in Qin. After Wang Xiang ascended the throne, he continued to implement the policy of surrender. Qu Yuan was once again expelled from the capital of Ying and exiled to the south of the Yangtze River, and was displaced between Yuan and Xiang. In the twenty-first year of King Xiang of Qing Dynasty (278 BC), General Qin attacked Yingdu in vain, and Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River in anger and died for his political ideal.
work
Qu Yuan's works include Li Sao, Tian Wen, Nine Songs (1 1), Nine Chapters (9) and Evocation, with a total of 23 articles. In addition, whether Buju and Fisherman were written by Qu Yuan is still controversial in academic circles. Among them, Li Sao is Qu Yuan's masterpiece and the longest romantic political lyric poem in the history of ancient China literature. Tian Wen is a rare and peculiar poem in ancient and modern times. It asked 172 questions to heaven continuously, involving astronomy, geography, literature, philosophy and many other fields, which showed the poet's bold suspicion of traditional ideas and scientific spirit of pursuing truth. "Nine Songs" is a set of music songs based on folk songs to worship the gods. There are a lot of gods in the poem, most of which are love songs.
Adoption rate of anonymous answers: 21.4% 2009-09-13 23: 03. H.K. Adoption rate of anonymous answers:11.9% 2009-09-13 23: 09 China Traveler. Go to the mountains to inspect drugs with my father. He traveled all over the country, studied the drug system, recorded 30W words of excellent materials, and finally wrote Compendium of Materia Medica, which caused a sensation in the medical field. Thank you. Actually, I made it up, too