1. Briefly describe the connotation and characteristics of quality education.

Quality education is opposite to "exam-oriented education", aiming at comprehensively improving citizens' ideological and moral quality, scientific culture and physical, psychological and labor skills, cultivating their abilities and developing their individuality. Quality education is an education that fully develops the potential of the educated, molds qualified social members with social culture and promotes the individualized development of the educated.

The characteristics of quality education are: ① facing all students; ② All-round development of morality, intelligence and physique; ③ Let students develop actively.

2. What new requirements does quality education put forward for teachers' self-improvement?

In order to adapt to the implementation of quality education, teachers should have the following qualities besides the basic conditions necessary for qualified teachers: ① the ideological quality of educating people in an all-round way; ② Compound professional knowledge and wisdom; ③ Consciousness of participating in development and research;

3. Briefly describe the relationship between education and sustainable development.

From the perspective of education, the relationship between education and sustainable development can be summarized as the following three aspects:

First of all, education can promote the sustainable development of society.

Education has many functions, such as moral education, ability training, cultural inheritance and innovation, and it is an important force to promote the sustainable development of society.

Secondly, education can promote people's sustainable development.

Students are both social and individual, with corresponding social roles and social obligations, and also have the right to develop themselves and realize their self-worth. Quality education and innovative education can help students adapt to the society, show their individuality, realize the unity of socialization and individuality, and promote the sustainable development of people.

Third, education itself needs to enter the track of sustainable development.

Education itself is growing and needs reform and innovation. Only by constantly bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new can we maintain the vitality and vitality of education and maintain the momentum of development and progress.

4. Please tell the essence of Scientific Outlook on Development.

Adhere to the people-oriented principle and realize the harmonious development of man and nature, man and society, and man and man.

5. What is the education policy of the Party and the country at this stage?

Education must serve socialist modernization and be combined with productive labor to cultivate builders and successors of socialist cause with all-round development in morality, intelligence and physique.

6. What is the basic meaning of "education should face modernization, the world and the future"?

Education should face modernization, including two meanings: first, education should serve socialist modernization; Second, education itself should be modernized, that is, educational ideas, educational systems, courses, teaching methods and teaching means should be reformed, updated, enriched and developed.

Education should face the world, which has three meanings: first, to understand and learn the advanced science and technology and educational experience of all countries in the world; The second is to train students to have the qualities needed to face the world; Third, make China's education reach the advanced level in the world and stand on its own feet among the world's education.

Education faces the future and has three meanings: first, education should adapt to the future trend of world science and technology development; Second, education should test and train talents to meet the needs of the future society; The third is to explore the changing trend of education itself.

"Education should face modernization, the world and the future" is a unified whole, which is interrelated and has its own emphasis. "Education Facing Modernization" is the foundation, core and starting point.

7. What psychological qualities should teachers have?

A qualified teacher must have all kinds of psychological qualities of teachers' professional activities, mold a new generation's mind with his excellent psychological qualities, and complete the task of teaching and educating people.

First of all, teachers should have the quality of teachers' professional consciousness and be aware of their psychological activities such as cognition, emotion, will and attitude in educational practice. This mainly means that teachers should have clear educational guiding ideology, innovative consciousness and dedication consciousness.

Secondly, teachers should have teachers' professional emotional quality. Teachers' lofty professional emotion is a powerful force to promote positive work and an important prerequisite for doing a good job in education and teaching. Teachers' professional feelings mainly include loving education and students.

Third, teachers should have excellent professional ability and quality. Ability is a necessary psychological condition for successfully completing activities, and educational activities require teachers to have various abilities; Only in this way can we complete all the education and teaching tasks. Teachers' professional ability should include keen observation, good attention distribution ability, rich imagination, excellent thinking, strong language ability and considerable organizational ability.

Finally, teachers must have the quality of professional interest. To do a good job, you can't do without your interest in it. If you have a strong interest, you will devote yourself wholeheartedly, take pleasure in suffering and accomplish the task creatively. To be a good teacher, you should be interested in exploring the laws of students' physical and mental development, in studying teaching methods and in your own subjects.

8. How to understand educational tact?

Educational tact is one of the psychological qualities of teachers. It refers to the sensitivity to students' behavior and the ability to respond quickly and take appropriate measures in time according to students' new, especially unexpected situations. Teachers' educational wit is manifested in four aspects:

(1) Make the best use of the situation. According to students' requirements and wishes, thinking education is carried out by persuasion; At the same time, guide students' hobbies to the right path.

(2) improvise. According to the situation at that time, deal with emergencies flexibly and decisively, and adjust and eliminate contradictory behaviors in time.

(3) the right medicine. Starting from the actual situation of students, we should adopt flexible and diverse ways to carry out education.

(4) Master proper limit. When educating students, we should seek truth from facts, speak appropriately, demand appropriately and use appropriate methods.

Educational tact is acquired and developed in the process of learning educational theory, summing up educational experience and participating in educational practice. The main psychological qualities it relies on are a high sense of responsibility, a caring, respectful and fair attitude towards students, a calm personality and a deep understanding of students.

9. Briefly describe the basic knowledge and skills of subject teaching that a qualified teacher should possess (what efforts should be made to optimize teaching ability).

Mastery of professional knowledge: we can master the formation process and application efficiency of knowledge and cultivate students' knowledge extension ability.

Understanding and handling of teaching materials: in line with the requirements of teaching objectives, in line with the corresponding society, life and students' reality, with moderate ability, and can properly solve key and difficult problems.

Grasp the theoretical basis of education: face all students, develop students' personality and cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability.

Language expression ability: fluent in language. Accurate terminology: appropriate details and reasonable structure.

Professional quality: decent appearance, central theme, flexible thinking: coping freely, strong control ability. Mandarin standard (English pronunciation and intonation); The pen and chalk are neat and clear.

10. Heuristic method and injection method are two diametrically opposite teaching methods. Try to explain it briefly.

Generally speaking, various teaching methods can be divided into two categories according to their guiding ideology: heuristic and injection. These are two fundamentally opposite methods.

Heuristic means that teachers put their learning into practice; As the main body of learning in teaching, students attach importance to and are good at cultivating and stimulating students' learning motivation, so that they have a strong interest in learning, enhance their learning will and fully mobilize their learning initiative; Through the teacher's inspiration, induction, prompt and inspiration, students can actively use their brains and talk; Hands-on operation can draw inferences from others, thus cultivating students' thinking ability and exploration and creativity.

Instilling is a "spoon-feeding" teaching method. In the teaching process, teachers do not consider the objective law of students' cognitive process and their understanding ability and level, but regard students as "containers" and instill the current knowledge theory into students. Make students in a passive acceptance position, mechanically read by rote, and "eat without melting".

The difference between "heuristic" and "injection" lies not in how much teachers teach, whether they ask questions, and how long teachers and students take up time, but in whether teachers put students in the main position of teaching and let them think actively. The former is conducive to the development of students, while the latter is not conducive to the development of students, and even plays a role in hindering their development. Teaching must cancel the injection and adopt heuristic methods in order to get practical results.

1 1. According to the new curriculum concept, what basic characteristics do you think modern middle school classroom teaching should have?

(1) basic (characteristics of basic education; Facing all, lay the foundation for students' lifelong development.

(2) Democracy (teachers love students, students respect teachers, and teaching learns from each other; Personality equality between teachers and students; Attach importance to non-intellectual factors such as emotion, will and motivation; Harmonious, harmonious and sound personality development)

(3) Activity (students' autonomous and active activities, the main activity state; Students have time and space for various activities, and can fully experience, communicate and express)

(4) Hierarchy (aiming at the differences of students' cognition, psychology and socialization, the hierarchy of setting goals, processes, evaluation and development).

(5) Openness (breaking the limitation of time and space, combining classroom with society and life; Break the limitation of content and embody the idea of combining discipline with STSE; Diversified communication and diversified teaching system)

(6) artistry and effectiveness (the optimal combination of various teaching resources, harmonious, resonant and dynamic process beauty; The least time, the best effect).

12. What basic requirements should a good class meet?

Generally speaking, a good class should meet the following basic requirements:

(1) The teaching purpose is clear;

(2) The teaching content is correct;

(3) Appropriate teaching methods;

(4) The classroom is well organized;

(5) Teachers and students are highly motivated;

(6) The teaching effect is remarkable.

13. What principles should our classroom teaching design adhere to in order to better reflect the concept of curriculum reform?

It is necessary to overcome teacher-centered and avoid student-centered;

We should pay attention to both knowledge learning and ability training;

Attention should be paid to both teaching methods and learning methods;

Give full play to the main role of teachers and students;

Teaching and educating people is a must.

14. Description: What efforts should be made in our classroom teaching design in order to better reflect the new concept of curriculum reform? (4 points)

(1) reflects the knowledge and ability requirements required by the syllabus and curriculum standards, and highlights the factors of quality education and methodology education;

⑵ Optimize the teaching process and methods, pay attention to the teaching situation design that can correctly guide students to actively participate in the teaching process, understand and apply knowledge to solve practical problems, and achieve moderate ability and appropriate use of modern teaching methods;

⑶ Determine the basic ideas of teaching, including the design of teaching situation and the guidance of learning methods, the key and difficult points of teaching and their breakthrough methods, the requirements of consolidating exercises in class and homework after class, and the blackboard design reflecting the whole teaching process.

(For this question, if you can basically and accurately express three viewpoints, you can give 6 points. )

15. according to the new ideas embodied in the new curriculum reform and new curriculum standards, what do you think of the role of subject textbooks in teaching practice?

Textbooks are not imperial edicts, but teaching clues;

Textbooks are not waste paper, but teaching tools;

We should creatively use teaching materials to serve teaching.

16. Some people think that the development of curriculum resources is a matter for curriculum experts, and has nothing to do with teachers and students in ordinary schools and grass-roots units. Talk about your opinion.

According to the integrated, open and developed curriculum view, curriculum resources mainly include text resources, audio-visual resources, physical resources and human resources. All schools, teachers and students should be participants in curriculum construction. In order to give full play to the humanistic education function of curriculum resources, optimize the combination of teaching resources and effectively implement the curriculum objectives, teachers and students of various schools should be encouraged to actively create and utilize curriculum resources based on reality and local conditions.

17. What principles should be followed in the development and utilization of curriculum resources?

Purposeful principle-according to the needs of teaching objectives, choose curriculum resources.

Comprehensive principle-try to combine different types of resources to deepen students' understanding of the course content.

Principle of effectiveness-according to the different characteristics of resources, with the teaching content, give full play to the effectiveness of curriculum resources, and avoid blindness and formalism.

The principle of gradual progress-the selection and utilization of teaching resources and the organization of teaching activities should be gradually improved with the growth of students, the gradual maturity of psychology and the continuous growth of knowledge, experience and experience.

Practical principles is conducive to students' inquiry learning and the cultivation of practical ability.

18. Can the teaching quality of the subject be improved just by learning the textbooks? Please analyze it briefly.

Not enough. While learning theoretical knowledge, we should understand social life and students' cognitive reality, and prepare lessons in life and among students according to modern teaching concepts.

19. The subject examination under the new curriculum standard should also have new ideas. Please make suggestions on how to improve the examination methods.

It is suggested that the examination forms should be diversified according to the principles of flexibility, multiple opportunities and two-way choice:

You can take closed, open and various exams.

It can be done through debate, project research, situational testing and practical operation.

The specific evaluation and test forms mainly include oral examination, written examination and operation practice. At present and for some time to come, written examination is the main method, and it will be gradually transformed into three forms in the future.

Oral examination is a form of examination in which students answer teachers' questions in spoken language, including oral examination, speech contest, confrontational debate and so on.

Written examination is a form of examination in which students answer questions raised by teachers in words. The relatively fixed questions include filling in the blanks, distinguishing, choosing, short answer, discrimination, analysis and explanation, and discussion.

Operational practice is an examination form to examine students' ability to analyze and solve practical problems by using what they have learned, including special social investigation and writing investigation reports, freely choosing topics to analyze social and practical problems, and writing small papers. Pay attention to the organic combination of formative evaluation and summative evaluation.

You can also organize conditional behavior tests. Including personal self-evaluation, grading, class communication, mutual evaluation, and discussion of evaluation results between teachers and class teachers.

It is necessary to strictly control the number of tests to ensure the test quality.

Practice has fully proved that "innovation is the soul of a nation and an inexhaustible motive force for a country's prosperity". Therefore, China must constantly promote educational innovation at this stage, and education should provide knowledge and talent base for all aspects of innovation. Please talk about your understanding of the basic requirements of innovative education in primary and secondary schools.

In order to meet the requirements of implementing innovative education, primary and secondary education should strive to:

(1) Renew the concept of education and make clear the training goal, that is, the highest goal of education should be to train students with individuality and creativity;

⑵ Teachers should pay attention to organizing heuristic teaching, that is, devote themselves to creating a lively teaching atmosphere, guide students to actively think and explore, and understand and apply knowledge with innovative spirit;

⑶ Establish students' and teachers' consciousness as teaching subjects, emphasize students' autonomous learning, adhere to the principle of student-centered in class, and guide students to discover and understand knowledge in the process of actively participating in teaching;

⑷ Reform the education evaluation system, and adhere to a new evaluation system that is ability-oriented, multi-directional and procedural.

2 1. How to improve the quality of quality education in primary and secondary schools by improving classroom teaching efficiency?

(1) Implement effective teaching. Effective teaching means that in classroom teaching, teachers take scientific and effective measures to maximize the ratio of effective knowledge mastered by students to teaching time. Teachers should improve their rational understanding; ② Carefully designed teaching; ③ Grasp the teaching opportunity; ④ Avoid wasting time.

(2) Implementing emotional teaching. The so-called emotional teaching mainly refers to the process that teachers use certain teaching methods to stimulate, mobilize and meet students' emotional needs and promote positive teaching activities. Emotional teaching is directly related to the quality of classroom teaching, and also affects whether the teaching objectives can be effectively realized. Teachers should pay attention to: ① stimulate students with good emotions; ② Maintain a good teaching mood; ③ Create a harmonious psychological atmosphere.

(3) Implement optimized teaching. The so-called optimized teaching mainly means that teachers choose and implement feasible teaching schemes according to teaching objectives and specific teaching tasks, and strive to achieve greater teaching results in less time. This requires: ① optimizing teaching objectives; ② Optimize the teaching content; ③ Optimize the teaching structure; ④ Optimize teaching methods.

22. What new requirements does quality education put forward for the reform of teaching methods?

(1) emphasizes "heuristic". It is required that the teaching method must thoroughly implement the "heuristic" spirit, mobilize the enthusiasm of the majority of students to the maximum extent, and make others truly become the masters of learning.

(2) Pay attention to research methods. It not only emphasizes the dialectical unity of teaching and learning activities, but also attaches importance to the study of students' learning methods from the principle that students are the main body of learning, and regards it as the premise of establishing a complete teaching method system that meets the requirements of quality education.

(3) Emphasis on teaching students to learn. Teaching students to learn is a basic task of implementing quality education, one of the fundamental ways to improve students' academic performance, and one of the important countermeasures for education to face modernization, the world and the future.

(4) Promote the harmonious development of students' knowledge and emotion. The reform of teaching methods must attach importance to the factors of knowledge and emotion in students' learning process and promote the harmonious development of knowledge and emotion.

(5) strive to achieve optimization. ① Reflect the scientificity and artistry of teaching methods; (2) It embodies the integrity and restriction of teaching methods; ③ Reflect the diversity and comprehensiveness of teaching methods; ④ Reflecting the development and creativity of teaching methods.

23. The new curriculum standard emphasizes the combination of subject knowledge and life theme. Please tell me your understanding of this.

We should properly use the basic concepts and methods of philosophy, economics, politics, law and other disciplines, and strive to integrate basic ideas and principles into the theme of life;

Combined with the application of common sense, organize teaching around the social life problems that students care about, and fully implement the curriculum objectives;

At the same time, we should pay attention to the expression of process objectives and result objectives in content objectives, and accurately grasp the requirements of content standards in teaching.

24. Under the new curriculum reform concept, how to adhere to the correct value orientation and adopt flexible teaching strategies?

To adhere to the correct value orientation, we must attach importance to the flexible use of teaching strategies in teaching activities;

Combine the process of "goal-strategy-evaluation" led by teachers with the process of "activity-experience-performance" experienced by students;

Guide students to express their views in case analysis, identify their views in value conflicts, identify their views in comparative identification and refine their views in inquiry activities;

And then effectively improve students' ability to understand, identify and be convinced of the correct value standard.

25. According to the requirements of the new curriculum reform on strengthening practical links and enriching teaching content, talk about your suggestions.

We should actively carry out various forms of community service, social investigation and other practical activities;

Teaching content can be extended from textbooks to meaningful topics that all students pay attention to;

Current affairs policy education, party group activities, class activities, etc. It should also establish a complementary relationship with classroom teaching;

Strive to make the implementation of the course face the whole life world of students, form a networked teaching system, and comprehensively improve students' ability to participate in society.

26. What is inquiry learning? What is its essence?

(1) The so-called inquiry learning refers to the learning way in which students acquire and apply knowledge in a way similar to scientific research under the guidance of teachers.

In the process of inquiry learning, learners imitate scientists' research methods and processes, ask questions and solve problems. For example, through thematic discussion, project research, scheme design, simulation experience, experimental operation, social investigation and other forms, we explore various phenomena and problems closely related to social life.

(2) The essence of inquiry learning is learners' learning and application of thinking modes and research methods in scientific research. It has changed the original passive acceptance learning mode, formed an active learning mode of actively exploring knowledge and focusing on solving practical problems while effectively accepting learning, and cultivated students' innovative consciousness and practical ability.

27. In order to meet the requirements of promoting quality education in an all-round way, our country has set up the course of "research learning" in senior high schools since the fall semester of 2000. Please point out: How can political teachers play a guiding role in the implementation of research-based learning courses and classroom teaching of political subjects?

Political teachers can guide students to use scientific thinking methods to carry out research-based learning from the perspective of cultivating their scientific world outlook, outlook on life and values.

Political teachers use professional knowledge such as philosophy, politics and economy to help students determine the topics of social science research-based learning, guide data collection, guide the design of problem-solving schemes, and guide students how to form conclusions.

In the process of political teaching, teachers should create an open learning environment for students, provide opportunities to acquire knowledge through multiple channels and comprehensively apply what they have learned to practice, promote students to form positive learning attitudes and good learning strategies, and cultivate innovative spirit and practical ability.

28 .. What kind of knowledge should you have to be a qualified ideological and political (ideological and moral) teacher?

Systematic political theory accomplishment;

Deep professional knowledge of disciplines;

Extensive basic knowledge of culture;

Necessary education and teaching scientific knowledge.

29. Some people say that there are no moral education courses in western developed countries, and moral education courses are only the characteristics of China. Is this statement correct? Why?

Wrong. Because any country needs to cultivate qualified citizens who can take responsibility and meet the mainstream value orientation and personal life needs through moral education, it needs to pay attention to improving and optimizing citizens' modernization literacy.

30. The new curriculum reform emphasizes that the evaluation of students' learning should objectively record the growth and development process of students' learning status and ideology and morality, and pay attention to the development differences and different needs and characteristics of students, so as to provide targeted guidance. Please point out the evaluation methods advocated in the course of "Ideology and Morality".

Observation-observation method mainly refers to teachers' purposeful and planned observation of students' emotions, attitudes, abilities and behaviors in their daily study and life, and records them as the basis for guiding and evaluating students.

Descriptive comments-On the basis of full communication with students, teachers use descriptive language to write comments on students' performance in a certain aspect of ideology and morality, such as attitude, ability and behavior, and the comments should be in encouraging language.

Project evaluation-students are divided into several groups according to different projects, and students can design their own activity plans, which can pay attention to real social life problems. Ask students to collect, organize, explain or express information, such as submitting investigation reports or small papers. Teachers and students can analyze group scores and combine group evaluation with individual evaluation.

Dialogue-Teachers get information about students' ideological and moral development through various forms of dialogue with students, and guide and evaluate students accordingly.

Growth record-establish a student growth footprint bag. Record the students' performances in this course, mainly their progress and achievements. Students mainly record themselves, teachers, classmates and parents participate together, and students participate in the evaluation process in the dual capacity of evaluation object and evaluator.

Exam-exam methods should be flexible and diverse, such as debate and situational test. Paper-and-pencil examination is only a way of examination, so as to avoid using a final, single knowledge examination to evaluate students' learning and ideological and moral status in ideological and moral classes.

3 1. Briefly describe the main contents of the teaching plan of "Ideological and Moral" course.

The main part of the teaching plan should embody the new curriculum concept, and take the social life and practical problems in students' growth that students should care about and understand as the carrier, and arrange various bilateral activities in which teachers and students participate together.

32. How to implement the new curriculum concept in ideological and political (ideological and moral) courses?

In the process of teaching, teachers should work together with students as the main body of teaching, strive to realize the interaction and common development between teachers and students, and properly handle the relationship between imparting knowledge and cultivating ability. Pay attention to cultivating students' independence and autonomy, guide students to question, investigate and explore, learn in practice, and promote students to learn actively and individually under the guidance of teachers. Respecting students' individuality, paying attention to individual differences, meeting different students' learning needs, hierarchical requirements and classified guidance, and cultivating students' good psychological quality. It is advocated to organize and implement research-based teaching in subject teaching, create an environment that can guide students to participate actively, stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning, cultivate students' ability to understand and apply knowledge, and make every student develop in an all-round way.

33. Briefly describe the basic educational concept advocated by the course "Ideology and Morality".

The first is the concept that the curriculum is based on students' life: junior high school students are the transition stage from children to adults, and they should be guided, but they should not be mechanically touched by adults; Secondly, they are in adolescence, which is the most difficult period for people to control themselves; The third feature is that they are in a period of gradual expansion of public life, so we should seize the opportunity to guide them how to enter public life and internalize the content of moral education into the basic quality of students.

Secondly, the course aims to help students become responsible citizens and lead meaningful lives, which is the core concept of the course. Special attention should be paid here to "help" rather than "replacement" rather than commands. It is necessary to embody humanistic care; Pay attention to the word "learn", that is, learn to do rather than just do. This expression is close to the objective expression of other disciplines.

The third idea is to guide students with correct values, respect students and let them think and practice independently. We emphasize the basic principle of combining guidance with students' independent thinking, we can't give up guidance, and at the same time try to make them feel that they have reached their own conclusions.

34. According to the results of a sample questionnaire survey of senior high school students organized by the Ministry of Education, 86% of the students don't like their teachers' teaching methods. 69% students pay attention to their basic knowledge and innovation ability; 62% students have never taken elective courses; 85% of students think that grades can't reflect their own development.

Q: What does the above data show? As a political teacher, what are you going to do in your future teaching practice?

(1) The above data show that one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate and obstruction of students' personality development have become a chronic disease in the current high school curriculum. It is necessary to reform the current high school curriculum and fundamentally change teachers' teaching concepts and professional knowledge.

(2) Political teachers should adhere to the concept of quality education and pay attention to cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability; It is necessary to combine students' reality, highlight students' subjective consciousness and promote the healthy development of students' body and mind; Use modern educational technology, adhere to heuristic teaching, and comprehensively promote classroom teaching reform.

35. Briefly describe Confucius' educational thoughts.

Confucius was a thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period of China. His educational thoughts mainly include: ① Education is extremely important to society and people, and education is to cultivate and transform social and political talents. (2) Advocating "no class left in education". The core and highest moral symbol of Confucius' moral system is "benevolence", which became the theoretical basis of ancient moral education. ④ Confucius paid attention to "learning and knowing" in educational practice, and "never tired of learning and never tired of teaching" all his life, and created a teaching method centered on the cultivation of consciousness. Mainly: a, pay attention to personality differences; B, inspiration and induction; C, combination of learning and thinking; Apply what you have learned.

36. What are the main contents of Tao Xingzhi's thought of "teaching, learning and doing in one"?

Tao Xingzhi is a great people's educator in the history of modern education in China. He has been engaged in the mass education movement for a long time and put forward the idea of life education. "Integration of teaching and doing" is the main teaching theory of Tao Xingzhi. Its contents include the following points:

(1) "The teacher's responsibility is not to teach, but to teach and teach students to learn." In other words, teaching should not only make students memorize ready-made knowledge, but also cultivate students' ability of independent observation, thinking, analysis and judgment in the teaching process, and learn to acquire experience and knowledge by themselves.

(2) "Teaching methods should be based on learning methods." Teaching fast and teaching slow depends more or less on students' ability and interest, so that students will be "happy to learn", "automatic" and "complacent"

(3) Both teaching and learning are centered on "doing" and "teaching-learning-integration", that is, traditional education is centered on books and real life. The core is to ask students to "use their hands and brains", gain practical experience, gain "true knowledge" and acquire the ability of social life and production practice; Creativity.

(4) It is proposed to compile teaching materials with real life problems as the center, and to compile "teaching-learning-doing-integrated teaching materials" to replace teaching materials without real life like "vitamins".

Tao Xingzhi's thought of "teaching, learning and doing in one" is instructive for us to fully understand the teaching tasks and teachers' responsibilities, that is, teachers should not only teach, but also teach students to learn.

37. Briefly describe the "discovery learning" teaching method advocated by Bruner.

Bruner is an American educational psychologist. The teaching method he advocated to let students "discover learning" is usually called "discovery method". Bruner emphasized that teaching cannot be explained, and students should not be in a passive state of accepting knowledge, but should let students "arrange things themselves and make themselves discoverers". To be exact, it includes all ways to acquire knowledge by yourself with your own mind. " Teachers should help students use the method of "discovery learning" from all aspects.

The steps of "discovery method" are generally: (1,) ask questions that students are interested in, create problem situations, stimulate students to think and discuss, and clearly discover goals and centers; (2) Establish hypotheses, propose various methods to solve problems, point out the direction of students' thinking, and reveal various possible answers; (3) Assist students to collect and sort out relevant materials that can be used to make judgments, and provide the basis for discovery as much as possible; (4) Organize students to carefully consult relevant materials, make logical screening, comparative analysis and abstract generalization, and draw conclusions from them; (5) Guide students to use analytical thinking, prove the correctness of their conclusions in theory and practice, and make necessary supplements, improvements or modifications to finally solve the problem.

Others disagree with the "discovery learning" or "discovery method" advocated by Bruner. The most important person thinks that the process of students' learning is the process of acquiring knowledge, which is obviously different from the process of scientists' invention and discovery. In addition, the "discovery learning" method puts forward higher requirements for teachers' level, teaching equipment, teaching organization and many other aspects. Therefore, many countries are currently limited to more publicity about this, and less really put it into classroom teaching.