1. Q: At present, the "Ten National Articles" of preschool education are hotly debated in the society. Please talk about the background and significance of the "National Ten Articles".
A: Since the reform and opening up, China's preschool education has made great progress, and its popularity has gradually increased. But on the whole, preschool education is still a weak link in all kinds of education at all levels, mainly manifested in the shortage of resources and insufficient investment. The problems of "difficult to enter the park" and "expensive to enter the park" are outstanding, and the people have many opinions. We must try to solve these problems.
The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to preschool education. The Outline of the National Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan puts forward the development goal of basically popularizing preschool education by 2020, which is another important decision made by the state to achieve a higher level of universal education after basically popularizing compulsory education in 2000. The leaders of the Central Committee and the State Council have instructed many times that it is a breakthrough and urgent task to actively develop preschool education and solve the problem of "difficulty in entering the park", which fully reflects that the Party and the state attach great importance to promoting the reform and development of preschool education in the new period and stage.
The "National Ten Articles" is a mobilization order to actively develop pre-school education and solve the "difficulty in entering the park" based on the current situation and taking into account the long-term situation. It will certainly enhance the whole society's understanding of the importance of preschool education, promote the healthy growth of hundreds of millions of children, and safeguard and improve people's livelihood, which will play an extremely important role in promoting.
2. Would you please talk about the principles that should be followed in the future development of preschool education?
A: The "National Ten Articles" put preschool education in an important position of the national economy and people's livelihood, highlighted its educational and social welfare attributes, and clearly pointed out that preschool education is an important part of the national education system and an important social welfare undertaking. Therefore, to develop preschool education, we must adhere to public welfare and inclusiveness, strive to build a public service system for preschool education covering urban and rural areas and with reasonable layout, and ensure that school-age children receive basic and quality preschool education; We must uphold government leadership, implement government responsibilities, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties; We must persist in reform and innovation and break down institutional and institutional obstacles; We must adhere to local conditions and proceed from reality; We must adhere to scientific parenting and follow the laws of children's physical and mental development.
3. The Outline of Planning proposes to vigorously develop public kindergartens. Please talk specifically about how to vigorously develop public kindergartens.
A: The "National Tenth Article" regards "vigorously developing public parks and providing' wide coverage and basic' preschool education public services" as an important measure to expand inclusive preschool education resources and improve the government's public service capacity. Based on the serious shortage of public preschool education resources, the document proposes to increase government investment and expand public resources through new construction, reconstruction and expansion: first, build a number of public parks in urban and rural areas where public resources are scarce; Second, make use of the surplus resources of primary and secondary school layout adjustment and other surplus public resources to give priority to rebuilding kindergartens; Third, encourage high-quality public kindergartens to expand public resources by holding sub-parks or cooperating with them; The fourth is to formulate preferential policies to support street and rural collective kindergartens.
4. The planning outline proposes to actively support private kindergartens. Please talk about the specific provisions to support private kindergartens.
A: To develop preschool education, we should fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties. While vigorously developing public parks, governments at all levels should take various measures to encourage and support social forces to run parks and provide parents with multi-level and diversified choice space. The document emphasizes several measures to encourage and support private parks: First, support social forces to run parks by ensuring rational land use and reducing taxes and fees. The second is to innovate support methods and actively support private parks, especially inclusive private parks that are open to the public and have low fees. It is proposed to guide and support private kindergartens to provide inclusive services by means of government purchasing services, reducing rents, substituting awards and sending public teachers. Third, public parks and private parks are treated equally, and it is further emphasized that private parks have the same status as public parks in terms of approval and registration, classification and grading, evaluation and guidance, teacher training, professional title evaluation, qualification identification, recognition and reward.
5. What are the specific regulations for the construction and management of supporting kindergartens in urban communities?
A: Strengthening the construction and management of supporting kindergartens in residential areas is the key to solving the "difficulty in entering the park" in cities and towns. The document emphasizes four points. The first is to make up the construction. If there are no supporting kindergartens in urban areas, kindergartens should be built in accordance with relevant state regulations. The second is simultaneous construction. Supporting kindergartens in newly-built residential areas should be synchronized with the construction of residential areas, that is, synchronized planning, synchronized construction and synchronized delivery, and construction land should be guaranteed in accordance with relevant state regulations. The third is compulsory construction. If the zoning plan for supporting kindergarten construction is not arranged according to the regulations, it shall not be approved. The fourth is to use it as a whole after construction. As a public education resource, urban community supporting kindergartens are arranged by the local government as a whole, and public parks are organized or entrusted as inclusive private kindergartens to ensure convenient and nearby inclusive services for school-age children in the community.
6. What are the policies and measures to promote the development of rural preschool education?
A: The key and difficult point of developing preschool education lies in rural areas. Mainly take four measures. First, be included in the plan. Take the development of preschool education as an important part of the construction of new socialist countryside, and take kindergartens as public service facilities in new countryside for unified planning and priority construction. The second is to increase investment. The state implements the rural preschool education development project, focusing on supporting rural areas in the central and western regions. Local governments at all levels have increased investment in garden construction, teaching staff, public funds, and assistance to needy groups. The third is to improve the network. We will improve the preschool education network in counties, townships and villages by building parks independently, setting up sub-parks, jointly running parks and providing full-time itinerant instructors. The fourth is to improve conditions. Improve the conditions for running kindergartens in rural areas, strive to equip teaching facilities, play with teaching AIDS and children's books, and gradually create a good educational environment for rural kindergartens.
7. Long-term insufficient investment in preschool education restricts the healthy development of preschool education. What are the specific provisions of the "National Ten Articles" in increasing government investment?
A: Increasing financial input is the fundamental guarantee for building a public service system for preschool education. Generally speaking, the specific provisions are mainly "five haves". First, "the budget has subjects". It is a basic institutional requirement to include preschool education funds in the financial budgets of governments at all levels. The second is "incremental tilt". New education funds should be tilted towards preschool education. The third is "proportional investment". The financial pre-school education funds should account for a reasonable proportion of the financial education funds at the same level, and will be significantly improved in the next three years, so as to reverse the situation of insufficient financial investment as soon as possible. Fourth, "there are standards for funds." All localities should study and formulate the per capita funding standards and per capita financial allocation standards for public kindergartens to ensure the normal operation of kindergartens. The fifth is "funding is systematic". Establish a pre-school education funding system to fund children with financial difficulties and orphans and disabled children to receive inclusive pre-school education.
8. The problems of low treatment and unstable team of preschool teachers are widespread. What measures have been formulated by the "National Ten Articles" to implement the status and treatment of preschool teachers?
A: To develop preschool education, we must speed up the construction of a team of preschool teachers with noble morality, love for children, excellent professional skills and reasonable structure. There are four main measures. First, the establishment of teaching staff in public kindergartens is approved, and public kindergartens are prepared and gradually equipped according to the prescribed equipment standards. The second is to implement wages and titles. It is necessary to improve the implementation of the wage guarantee measures for preschool teachers and the evaluation and employment mechanism for professional and technical titles of preschool teachers, and earnestly safeguard the rights and interests of teachers. The third is to improve the implementation of social security policies. In accordance with the policy and direction of social security reform, we should improve the social security measures for kindergarten staff, especially check and urge kindergartens organized by social forces to implement social security for staff. The fourth is to strengthen the training of kindergarten directors and teachers. Within three years, we will train 1000 kindergarten principals and backbone teachers at the national level, and all localities will complete professional training for principals and teachers within five years.
9. What are the specific solutions to the current phenomenon of arbitrary charges in kindergartens?
A: The state will further standardize the management of kindergarten fees. First, formulate measures for the management of kindergarten fees, standardize fees, clarify management responsibilities, and strengthen the supervision of fees. Second, the relevant departments of the provincial government formulate reasonable charging standards for public kindergartens according to the level of urban and rural economic and social development, the cost of running parks and the affordability of the masses. The third is to strengthen the supervision of private park fees. Improve the filing procedures and implement classified guidance. The fourth is to strictly implement the publicity system of kindergarten fees. Kindergartens should publicize the charging items and standards and strengthen social supervision. Fifth, resolutely investigate and deal with arbitrary charges.
10. Now some kindergartens tend to be "primary school", which violates the law of children's physical and mental development. What are the requirements of the "National Ten Articles" to solve this problem?
A: To solve this problem, first, we must follow the law. Adhere to the principle of children's development, respect the law of children's physical and mental development, face all children and pay attention to individual differences. The second is to adhere to the scientific method. We should persist in taking games as the basic activity, entertaining and entertaining. The third is to create a good environment. Strengthen the provision and guidance of teaching AIDS and books for children. We should closely combine kindergarten education with family education to create a good environment for children's healthy growth. The fourth is to strengthen supervision. The state will promulgate guidelines for children's learning and development. Education departments at all levels should strengthen supervision and guidance on the quality of kindergarten education, establish a supervision system covering all kinds of kindergartens, and continuously improve the level of running kindergartens and the quality of education.
1 1. The "National Ten Articles" put forward the "Three-year Action Plan for Preschool Education". Could you please talk about the specific requirements?
A: Formulating and implementing a three-year action plan for preschool education is an important decision to speed up the development of preschool education and solve the "difficulty in entering the park". We must concentrate manpower, material resources and financial resources to fight this tough battle. One is to be accurate. It is necessary to conduct in-depth investigation, accurately grasp the basic situation and outstanding problems of local preschool education, and scientifically calculate the demand and supply-demand gap of preschool education in the next three years. The second is to be realistic. Determine development goals, break down annual tasks, implement project funds, and prepare three-year action plans for preschool education by county. The third is to be quick. The action plans of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should be completed by the end of March next year. The fourth is supervision. All localities should establish supervision and inspection, assessment, rewards and punishments and accountability mechanisms to ensure that all measures to develop preschool education are implemented and achieved practical results. The Ministry of Education will, jointly with relevant departments, conduct special supervision on the progress of the three-year action plans in various places.