In ancient China, children's education was highly valued, and many educators advocated "cultivating morality through enlightenment". In the haiku of divination in Zhouyi, there is a record that "there is virtue", which becomes a guide for tutoring and learning in the future. The compilation of Mongolian teaching materials has attracted the attention of educators in past dynasties. The most representative textbooks of Mongolian studies are Sanbai, Qian Qian and Qian Qian (namely, Saint Amethyst, Hundred Family Names, Qian Wen Zi and Poems of a Thousand Families). Among them, The Classic of Three Characters, edited by Wang Yinglin, has more than 1000 words, from literacy to literacy, from common sense to history, from allusions to characters. It is catchy and easy to read and remember. It is a typical children's textbook, which was adopted for a long time in the enlightenment education in the late feudal society of China. In addition, Zhu also had a certain influence on Children's Instructions. The book is divided into five parts: clothing and shoes, language potential, sweeping and cleaning, reading and writing, and chores, all of which have specific requirements and regulations on students' behavior. These textbooks still have important reference value for us to compile primary school textbooks today. China also had rich experience in teaching methods of children's enlightenment in ancient times. For example, starting from the reality of children, the principles and methods are put forward, such as setting an example, combining literature with Taoism, subtly influencing, preventing minor delays, being good at saving the nation, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, and learning from each other's strengths. There are also Wang Shouren's Masterpiece and Wang Yun's Godson, which have left a valuable educational legacy for future generations. Primary education is the beginning of children's schooling. At this stage, children will experience three changes in life enlightenment: first, they will change from casual play activities to purposeful and planned learning activities; Second, from individual and loose group activities to organized and regular group activities; The third is the transformation from spoken language to written language. These transformations can enable children to break through the limitations of time and space and broaden the scope of understanding, thus having a great impact on promoting all-round development. This shows that the formation of children's ideological and moral character, the development of knowledge and ability, and the enhancement of physical quality will all officially begin in the primary education stage.