In terms of population, India is gradually approaching China, and will surpass China to become the most populous country in the world in the next 5- 10 years. However, judging from the basic education quality of the population, India is far from being a modern industrial power, and it is also a long way to go for a big country to become a strong country.
After the founding of India, the Constitution of the Republic of India 1950 stipulates that citizens must enjoy eight years of primary education, that is, compulsory education. In other words, children aged 6- 14 must receive school education. 20 10 The average length of education in India should be 4.4 years, while that in China is 7.5 years.
China's female literacy rate is 99%, while India's is less than half. According to the data listed by UNESCO, the enrollment rate of children aged 6- 14 is 85%, but the actual enrollment rate of high schools and primary schools (grades 4 and 5) is less than 60%. It's amazing that the dropout rate of children is so high!
In 2009, there were 27,4731primary schools in India, and more than 200 million school-age children could do simple math problems.
India's education infrastructure is very backward, and teachers teach about 70 students. Students in public schools lack basic stationery, and the most common thing is poor classrooms. Although women account for 40% of the total number of primary school students, it is difficult for girls to complete the statutory eight-year compulsory education.
Coupled with religious factors, India has long been influenced by the racial system, and children of low castes and Dalits cannot continue to go to school. Therefore, the existence of caste system is an important reason that affects the popularization of education.
In India, the gross enrollment rate of primary schools in 20 14 was 98.9%.
Gross enrollment rate of junior high school: 87.7% in India in 20 14 years.
Gross enrollment rate of senior high school: 54.6% in India in 20 14 years,
According to World Bank data 20 15, the gross enrollment rate of higher education in India is 26.88%.
In 20 15, the total scale of higher education in India was18.49 million. India has always attached importance to the development of higher education. It is hoped that by developing higher education, the competitiveness of talents in the world will be enhanced. Therefore, India has attached great importance to the development of higher education since its independence. As early as 1950s, India established six Indian Institutes of Technology on the basis of MIT.
Indian higher education, like China's higher education in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, emphasizes science and engineering over liberal arts. The most popular majors in Indian universities are engineering, business, law and medicine, and humanities. In India, there are many private schools with high tuition fees, but the facilities are better than ordinary public schools.
India now has more than 550 intermediate technical colleges and 1 100 science and technology colleges. Among the major countries in the world (G20), the literacy rate of most countries is basically above 90%, and that of India is above 70%. It can be seen that the literacy rate in India is 20% lower than that in developed countries. This is also the lowest literacy rate among G20 countries. India's rapid economic growth in recent years is closely related to the rapid development of software technology. Due to the development of higher education, the software industry is developed, and software exports rank among the top in the world, which also stimulates the development of India's economy.