Wang Xizhi, 303-36 1, a calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in China, was born in Linyi, Langya, Han nationality, and later moved to Huiji. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Jinting County, and was called a book saint. Successive secretaries, General Ning Yuan, Jiangzhou secretariat. Later, he was the secretariat of Huiji, who led the right general and was called "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Huiji". His son, Wang Xianzhi, is also good at calligraphy, and the world is collectively known as the "two kings". Since then, the Wangs' calligraphy talents have come forth in large numbers. In the five years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he was buried in Jinting Waterfall Mountain. The fifth house in Sun Heng is Jintingguan, and the site still exists. Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting is called "the best running script in the world" by later generations. Now the address is in lanshan district, Linyi, Shandong, the old revolutionary base area. Influenced by it, it was named Xiyanhu Street, and Wang Xizhi's former residence was on Xiyanhu Street.

2. Ou Yangxun

Ou Yangxun, born in 64 1 in 557, is a Han nationality, a native of Linxiang, Tanzhou in Tang Dynasty, a famous calligrapher and official, one of the four masters of regular script, the grandson of General Nan Liang Zhengnan and the son of General Ouyang Ge of Nan Chen. Liang Taiping was born in Hengzhou in the second year of Southern Dynasties, and his ancestral home is Linxiang in Tanzhou. Ou Yangxun, together with his contemporaries Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang and Xue Qi, were called the four masters in the early Tang Dynasty. Because his son Ouyang Tong is also good at calligraphy, he is also called "Big Europe". He and Yu Shinan were both famous for their calligraphy in the early Tang Dynasty, also known as "Ou Yu". Later generations see danger in Chinese books, which is the most convenient for beginners and named "European style".

3. Yan Zhenqing

Yan Zhenqing, born on August 23rd, 709-784, whose real name is Chen Qing, alias Xianmenzi and alias Fang Ying. He was born in Jingzhao Wanzhao and his ancestral home is Linyi. Yan Shigu V, the secretary supervisor, is a grandson, and Situ Qing is his younger brother, a famous official and calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy is exquisite and good at it. Chu Suiliang, a beginner, studied under Zhang Xu and got his brushwork. Its regular script is dignified and majestic, and its running script is vigorous and powerful, which has created a "Yan style" regular script and has a great influence on later generations. Together with Zhao Mengfu, Liu Gongquan and Ou Yangxun, they are also called "four masters of regular script". Together with Liu Gongquan, they are called "Yan Liu" and "Yangu". He is also good at poetry, such as You, Ji, Wu, Ji, Lu Ji and Linchuan Ji, all of which have been lost. The Song people compiled Yan Ji.

4. Liu Gongquan

Liu Gongquan, born in 778-865, Han nationality, is a famous calligrapher. Liu Gongquan is studious, good at ci and fu, and knows the rhythm. Official to the prince, known as "Liu". After Liu Gongquan, he was named Duke of Hedong, also known as "Liuhe East". Public power is Yan Zhenqing's successor, but it is only a thin brushwork and unique; Later generations called it "Yan Liu", which became a model of calligraphy in past dynasties. He wrote many works in his life, mainly including Hui Yuan's View of the Bell Tower in the Tang Dynasty, Diamond Sutra Engraving, Xuanta Monument, Su Feng Monument, Shence Army Monument and so on. In addition, there are ink marks such as "Zhao Meng Post" and "Pear Post and Postscript from Wang Xianzhi".

5. Zhao Mengfu

Zhao Mengfu,12541010.20-1322 July 30, Han nationality, Song Xue passerby, also known as Crystal Palace Taoist, Goulpeau, worked as a Meng Yi in middle age. Zhejiang Wuxing people. A famous calligrapher, painter and poet at the end of Southern Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, his grandson, a descendant of Qin Wang Zhao. Zhao Mengfu is well-read, good at poetry writing, familiar with economy, calligraphy and meticulous painting, and good at epigraphy and understanding and appreciation. Especially in calligraphy and painting. In painting, he created a new painting style in Yuan Dynasty, which was called "the crown of Yuan people". Zhao Mengfu is also good at seal script, official script, original works, calligraphy and cursive script, especially regular script and running script. His elegant style of calligraphy, neat structure and skillful brushwork created Zhao Ti Shu, which is called "four masters of regular script" with Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan.

6. Wen Zhiming

Wen Zhiming (1470 ~ 1559), a native of Wen Zhiming, was born in Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) with the name Hengshan. His ancestral home is Hengshan, hence the name Hengshan lay. Wen Zhiming's paintings are good at landscapes, orchids, figures and flowers, especially landscapes. In painting, he and Shen Zhou created "Five Schools", and together with Shen Zhou, Tang Yin and Chou Ying, they were called "Four Wu Men". Calligraphy, together with Zhu Yunming and Wang Chong, is called "Three Masters in Wuzhong". However, on the road to the imperial examination, it was very bumpy. From Hongzhi Mao Yi (1495) aged 26 to Jiajing Renwu (1522) aged 53, he failed ten times. It was not until the age of 54 that he was recommended as a tribute to imperial academy.

7. Dong Qichang

Dong Qichang (1555— 1636), a native of Huating, Songjiang (now Maqiao, Minhang District, Shanghai), was a painter and calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty. In the seventeenth year of Wanli, he was a scholar and was awarded editing by the Hanlin Academy. He became an official of Nanjing Ritual Department, and changed his name to "Wen Min" after his death. Dong Qichang is good at painting mountains and rivers, learning from Dong Yuan, Huang and Ni Zan, and his brushwork is delicate and neutral, quiet and elegant; Clean and bright with ink fragrance, gentle and plain; Green, simple and generous. He is an outstanding representative of Huating School of Painting and has the beauty of "Yan Gu Zhao Zi". His painting and painting theory had a great influence on the painting world in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Calligraphy in and out of the Jin and Tang dynasties, sui generis, can make poetry.

8. Huai Su

Huai Su was a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty from 725 to 785. What he said is hidden in the fact that his common surname is money. He was a good Buddha when he was young, and later he became a monk. The monk's name is Huai Su, and the other is Lingling. Exquisite and diligent in learning calligraphy, he is famous for being good at cursive, and he is the leader of a generation of coquettish cursive writers in the history of calligraphy. His cursive script is called "Crazy Grass", and his pen is round and powerful, which makes it turn into a ring, unrestrained and smooth, in one go, just like Zhang Xu, another cursive script writer in the Tang Dynasty, who was called "Zhang Dian crazy" or "Zhang Dian drunk". Although his calligraphy is capricious and ever-changing, it has statutes. Huai Su and Zhang Xu formed two peaks of calligraphy in Tang Dynasty, and also two peaks in the history of cursive script in China. Huai Su's representative works include autobiography posts, bitter bamboo shoots posts, eating fish posts and so on.

9. Wang Duo

Two ministers and painters in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Word perception, one word perception. No.10 firewood, No.10 Song firewood, now Jin Meng, Henan. Painters in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. His calligraphy is as famous as Dong Qichang's, and he is known as the "King of East, South and North". Tomorrow is the second year, that is, 1622 Jinshi, supported by the examiner Yuan Keli, entered Jishi Shu, imperial academy, that is, in the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, and did the history, that is, 1643, and Wang Duo was the university student of Tengge. After 1644, he was awarded Shangshu, bachelor of Guanhong College of Literature, and Prince Shao Bao. Li Yong died in the hometown of 1652 in the sixth year. He was buried in Luohe, Gongyi, Henan at the age of 61.

10, what

He, 1799- 1873, was a poet, painter and calligrapher in the late Qing Dynasty. Zizhen,No. Dongzhou, alias Dongzhou lay man,No. Yejiu. Daozhou, Hunan, Daoxian. Daoguang was a scholar for sixteen years. Xianfeng studied politics briefly in Sichuan at first, and once passed the provincial examination in Fujian. The calendar is dominated by Luoyuan in Shandong and Chengnan Academy in Changsha. General history, fine primary school stone tablet. Textual research on The Book of Rites by Dai Ji. Calligraphy is a beginner in Yan Zhenqing, and it merged with Han and Wei Dynasties to form its own family, especially cursive script. There are Tao Jing Shuo, Poems in Caotang of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and Shuo Wen refutes Zheng, etc. He was born in a scholarly family, and his father He was a famous calligrapher, educator, scholar and bibliophile. He's four brothers are all good at writing good books, so they are called "He's four great people".

1 1, Su Shi

Su Shi (1037 65438+10.8-165438+August 24), whose name is Zi Zhan, whose name is He Zhong, was named Dongpo Jushi, who was called Su Dongpo and Su Xian in the world. Han nationality, a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan) and Luancheng, Hebei, was a famous writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Shi was a scholar. Song Shenzong worked in Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was demoted to Huangzhou as Yong Lian's assistant ambassador because of the Wutai Poetry Case. After Song Zhezong acceded to the throne, he was known in Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou, Dingzhou and other places. In his later years, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou because of the ruling of the New Party.

12, Huang tingjian

Huang Tingjian (1045- 1 105) was born in Lu Zhi, a Taoist in the valley, and was born in Fenning, Hongzhou (now xiushui county, Jiangxi). A famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, the founder of Jiangxi Poetry School. Calligraphy is one of Song Sijia. Yingzong Zhiping for four years (1067), Jinshi. Professor Ye Xianwei from Beijing, Professor Lang Xianping from imperial academy, School Book Lang, Cao Zuolang, Secretary Cheng, Fuzhou Biejia, Guizhou Resettlement House, etc. Ding believes in Buddhism and respects Taoism. Although he is an official, he washes the toilet himself, which is one of the 24 filial piety. Yingzong Zhiping for four years (1067), Jinshi. Professor Ye Xianwei from Beijing, Professor Lang Xianping from imperial academy, School Book Lang, Cao Zuolang, Secretary Cheng, Fuzhou Biejia, Guizhou Resettlement House, etc.

13, Mimi

Mi Fei (1051-107), originally named Kun, later renamed Kun, whose real name is Mi or Qian, was born in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, and was named Hai Yue Wai's, and also had descendants of Kun Xiong and Huo Zheng. Calligrapher, painter and painting theorist in Northern Song Dynasty, together with Cai Xiang, Su Shi and Huang Tingjian, are also called "Song Sijia". He used to be a school book lang, a doctor of calligraphy and painting, and a foreign minister of the Ministry of Rites. Originally from Shanxi, he moved to Xiangyang, Hubei, and then settled in Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). He can write poetry, is good at calligraphy and painting, and has accurate appraisal. Calligraphy and painting are unique and he founded "Midian Landscape". He is a painter, appraiser and collector. He has a strange personality and crazy behavior. When he meets a stone, he calls him "brother" and worships him, so he is called "Mi Dian". Song Huizong was appointed as a doctor of calligraphy and painting, also known as "Mi Xiangyang" and "Mi Nangong".