First, the problems existing in the current education reform work
Articles 3 to 5 of the Prison Law stipulate: "A prison shall implement the principle of combining punishment with reform and combining education with labor to transform criminals into law-abiding citizens. Prisons shall supervise prisoners according to law, organize prisoners to engage in productive labor and educate prisoners in ideology, culture and technology according to the needs of reforming prisoners. The activities of the people's police in managing prisons according to law, executing punishments and educating and reforming criminals are protected by law. " It is the right and obligation of the prison to educate and reform criminals. A prison shall, in accordance with relevant laws, legal procedures and management systems, and under the organization and guidance of higher authorities, carry out educational reform activities for prisoners. The Prison Law promulgated by the Ministry of Justice, the Regulations on Prison Education Reform and the Outline of the Work of Prisoner Education Reform have made more specific provisions on education reform. Prisons should adhere to the principle of "transforming people", transform criminals who were once destructive forces in building a well-off society into law-abiding citizens, and make them become participants and promoters in building a well-off society again. It can be said that the current educational reform is carried out under the conditions of law, order, standardization and exploration. However, it is undeniable that there are still some problems in education reform, specifically, mainly in the following aspects.
1, the contradiction between education reform and labor reform is still very big.
Before the reform of the prison system, in order to survive and develop, in some links, especially when the national financial allocation was far from in place, in order to obtain the maximum profit, prisons basically arranged productive working hours, so that criminals could participate in labor as much as possible. Therefore, education and study time naturally give way to labor, even after work, it will be limited by production tasks. Although the Ministry of Justice has stipulated criminals' study in the form of law many times, the study is still ineffective. In recent years, these phenomena have changed, but prisons still pay more attention to labor reform than education reform. For example, most of the work of prison police is done at the reform-through-labour scene. In this case, criminals simply have no time and energy to receive education outside of work, let alone improve the quality of education reform. The contradiction between education reform and labor reform is also reflected in their absolute division of labor. Criminals do not receive education or reform through labor; The police in charge of education and reform rarely comprehensively consider the performance of criminals' labor reform; Criminals' poor performance in educational reform does not affect the reform-through-labour score; Criminals can still get due praise and rewards as long as they perform well in labor reform. Under the joint action of the above factors, criminals' views on education reform and labor reform are obviously utilitarian, and they can desperately get the points of labor reform, but they relax their study of law, ideology and moral concepts, regard education reform as a fear of the road, and even have serious resistance. In recent years, the existence of a large number of stubborn criminals and dangerous criminals is the result of relaxation of education and reform.
2. The heavy pressure of supervision and security restricts the long-term development of education reform.
Prison education is not only the lifeline of prison, but also the function of prison to maintain social stability. The educational reform of criminals contains the value of justice. However, some prison leaders and police officers lack the correct handling of the relationship between supervision and reform, and subjectively understand the awareness that safety is the first as long as the supervision work is stable, people do not escape and accidents do not occur. Education only plays an auxiliary role and ignores the long-term effect of education reform. In recent years, the pressure brought by unstable factors has prompted prisons to focus on "three defenses" and ensure "five accidents" to meet the requirements of the Ministry of Justice. Education is supervised, and prison work is based on ensuring the safety of supervision. Some leaders and police are not clear about the problem of palliative and permanent cure. In order to complete the task, they unilaterally pursue the quantitative effect of enrollment rate, attendance rate and passing rate, try to adopt collective education in prisons to ensure safety, and abandon the long-term mechanism of educational reform. Due to the limitation of prisoners' own cultural level and prison conditions, criminals cannot gain knowledge benefits from cultural knowledge education. In the methods and forms of education reform, compulsory education means lack a scientific, rigorous and dynamic mechanism, and acceptance requires a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources. Under the requirement of carefully preparing all kinds of assessment materials, we can only engage in closed-door education, and we can't give full play to the employment skills of criminals in society after they are released from prison. This false education situation directly leads to great problems in their employment and life after they are released from prison.
3. The evaluation standard of the quality of education reform is not very scientific.
The evaluation of the quality of criminal reform is a comment and evaluation of the expected degree of change or the state achieved by criminals under the education and reform of prisons and social forces. Its essence is to carry out an all-round, multi-level and three-dimensional inspection of prison reform work, scientifically analyze and evaluate the overall efficiency of prison work and reform work, make a causal investigation of various related factors, change results, experiences and lessons in prison work, and conduct information feedback and supervision to guide and adjust the future work direction and focus. At present, the evaluation standard of the quality of education reform is not very scientific, mainly reflected in the unscientific evaluation method and poor operability. An important result of evaluating the quality of education reform is to better educate and manage criminals, such as treating and managing criminals at different levels. However, the results obtained according to the current evaluation standards are often unconvincing and prone to large deviations. In addition, the current evaluation system of educational reform quality is not operable and too abstract, and the conclusions drawn after evaluating many criminals are not very different, so it is difficult for prison police to take it as an important basis for their work.
4. The enthusiasm of all parties involved in the education reform is not high.
Participants in educational reform mainly include prisons that provide educational reform conditions, prison police who give education and criminals who receive educational reform. At present, there are some phenomena in prison work, such as emphasizing production, neglecting reform, emphasizing supervision and neglecting education. Some prisons unilaterally emphasize the safety of supervision, and all work is carried out to ensure that there is no escape and no major safety accidents. They think that the supervision facilities are perfect, and the education reform will inevitably go up, but they don't realize the importance of education. Some prison police also think that as long as they have completed the "eight hours" of work, there is no need to think about other things. As for education reform, it should be considered by the disciplined police. Many prisoners also think that education reform is an empty thing and not as important as labor reform. The key to get praise and commutation is to perform well in labor reform. I'm not interested in the content of education. In the long run, the educational reform will become an armchair strategist, with more talk and less work, and most of the time it is to cope with the inspection by superiors.
Second, why use Scientific Outlook on Development to improve the quality of education reform?
The Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee put forward Scientific Outlook on Development, and the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee emphasized the need to fully implement Scientific Outlook on Development and unswervingly regard Scientific Outlook on Development as the overall situation of economic and social development. Since the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the full implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development has become a very important political task for judicial administrative organs at all levels. The essence and core of Scientific Outlook on Development is to stick to people-oriented. As far as prison work is concerned, establishing and implementing Scientific Outlook on Development is an inevitable requirement for prison work to contribute to building a well-off society in an all-round way, an urgent need to improve the ruling ability and level of prison organs, a requirement for prisons to contribute to building a harmonious society, and an inevitable requirement for prison organs to effectively perform their functions and cope with various risks and challenges faced by China's economic and social development. To implement and practice Scientific Outlook on Development, prison authorities should not only put forward empty slogans, but also do well the functions and tasks entrusted to prisons by law, ensure the execution of penalties, and make prisons the most important position for educating and reforming criminals. The author believes that the primary task of implementing Scientific Outlook on Development in prisons is to improve the quality of education reform with Scientific Outlook on Development, and the reasons are based on the following considerations:
1. Educational reform must be supported by scientific theory, which is Scientific Outlook on Development Theory.
Prison work must integrate theory with practice, and the theory guiding educational reform must also come from prison practice. For many years, prison work has been arguing about who comes first, namely, production, reform, education and punishment. In order to develop the prison economy, supervision and reform have been relaxed. Since 1990s, the theory of "prison is prison" has been rampant, which fully reflects that prison workers are tired of this meaningless theoretical debate. The function of prison is to execute punishment, but the prison work in China cannot be divorced from the national conditions in China. On the one hand, the absolute number of criminals remains high, on the other hand, the education and reform work has also been proved to be effective. Prison work in China can't completely copy the practices of western countries, implement simple imprisonment and give up education reform. The appearance of Scientific Outlook on Development effectively solved the theoretical disputes in the educational reform. Adhering to Scientific Outlook on Development in education reform is to correct our paranoia in education reform, rather than trying to solve complicated work with a single theory. The scientific development of educational reform is to prevent us from going the wrong way, from one extreme to the other. Even if the country has the financial and material resources to completely solve the problem of prison funds in the future, we can't give up the education reform work, but should better sum up the experience and lessons of the education reform work and gradually form the education reform theory with China characteristics in the scientific development.
2. The history of educational reform also proves that Scientific Outlook on Development is the most suitable for the current situation.
The history of nearly 60 years since the founding of New China has proved that prison work has created countless glories, and the traditional prison spirit needs to be inherited and carried forward. However, since the reform of prison system, new problems need us to think and solve with Scientific Outlook on Development's eyes. Prison was once a "isolated" pure land, and education reform was carried out step by step in this almost vacuum situation. Looking back now, in the information age, the environment has undergone earth-shaking changes. If the education and reform work still stays on the idea of isolating criminals from the surrounding world with a big wall, it is tantamount to sitting on a well and watching the sky. The work of education and reform is not to educate criminals into people who are behind the world, nor can it make criminals have too much contrast with people in society. We should keep pace with the times and seriously consider the further development of education reform. Although great changes have taken place in the concept of education reform in history, we can't abandon one thing, that is, Scientific Outlook on Development is the most in line with the current situation of education reform. We once struggled to find the way out of the prison and were also thinking about the economic development of the prison. Today, with the country's vigorous support for the reform and development of prisons and the gradual return of prison functions to a rational track, we should be soberly aware that educational reform is the job of prisons, and it is the bounden duty of prisons to improve the quality of educational reform. It is an inevitable choice for prisons to use Scientific Outlook on Development to solve the problems encountered in education reform.
3. Only by practicing Scientific Outlook on Development can the quality of education reform be improved to a greater extent.
Using Scientific Outlook on Development to measure the quality of education reform requires us to change the harsh standards for prisons in the past education reform, so as to reduce the pressure on the police engaged in education reform. Prison police are not omnipotent, and education and reform work is not the only "prescription" to cure diseases and save lives. It is not only wrong, but also very harmful to measure the education reform work with the "zero" recidivism rate after criminals are released from prison. Crime can't be cured in any country today, and China is no exception. Education reform can eradicate the idea that some criminals will commit crimes again after serving their sentences, thus preventing and reducing crimes, but it cannot eradicate all criminals. We should constantly change the strategy of education reform in practice and adjust the countermeasures according to the development and changes of the situation, which is not only the requirement of Scientific Outlook on Development, but also the true face of education reform. Exploring effective ways of educational reform in practice, perfecting the theory of educational reform in development, objectively evaluating the effect of educational reform and dialectically treating the role of educational reform are not only conducive to further improving the quality of educational reform, but also conducive to the better development of educational reform with China characteristics.
Third, use Scientific Outlook on Development to improve the quality of education reform.
The improvement of the quality of education reform depends on both the objective legal basis and people's subjective initiative. The essence and core of Scientific Outlook on Development is to stick to people-oriented. People-oriented means taking people's interests as the starting point and the end result of all work, constantly meeting people's various needs and promoting people's all-round development. The author believes that people-oriented educational reform is not based on satisfying the personal interests of prisoners, but on the fundamental requirements of the law for educational reform, so as to meet the needs of prisoners in educational reform and promote their all-round development. At the same time, it is also necessary to start with the work of prisons and prison police to realize their professional satisfaction and jointly improve the quality of education reform. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of education reform in Scientific Outlook on Development, we must first make all participants in education reform realize the importance of this work and improve their participation and interest. Secondly, we should take various effective measures to innovate and develop education reform from the system and consciousness.
1. All parties involved in education reform should clearly understand the importance of education reform.
In prison work, educational reform is not the most difficult thing in the world. Most of the old policemen believe that the previous methods of education and reform were rough, but they were very useful, and criminals rarely had serious conflicts in the process of receiving education and reform. After entering the new era, due to various reasons and strict law enforcement requirements, criminals are fully aware that their rights can be better protected, so they relax their consciousness of accepting reform under the pretext of protecting rights. Of course, the emergence of these phenomena is not that the rule of law is really not working, but that all parties involved in educational reform have deviated from their understanding of educational reform. To improve the quality of education reform, all parties concerned should first realize that education reform is the most important task of prison work, and the quality of supervision work is directly judged by the quality of education reform. We can't be helpless just because a few criminals resist educational reform, or even replace it with simple imprisonment, or cover up the negative impact caused by poor educational reform with one-sided supervision and safety. The author believes that the following participants in educational reform must have a correct understanding of educational reform:
First, prison leaders should attach great importance to educational reform and strive to improve its quality.
The key to strengthening and improving the education and reform of criminals in the new period lies in the high attention and correct decision-making of leaders at all levels in the prison system. First of all, we should strengthen the awareness of educational reform according to law. With the implementation of the general plan of governing the country according to law and the deepening of the openness of prison affairs, prison leaders should act in strict accordance with the law, avoid crowding teaching venues, giving up teaching hours and acquiescing criminals to work overtime for a long time, so as to ensure the normal development of educational reform. Second, we should enhance the awareness that education reform is the main business. The purpose of prison work is to transform criminals into law-abiding citizens. To this end, we must constantly improve the reform rate through various effective and targeted educational reform means. Third, we should constantly improve our education level. Leaders at all levels of prison organs should be experts and experts in educating and reforming criminals. Leaders should take it as their responsibility to educate and reform criminals, often give advice, explore ways and make appearances for the education and reform departments, and use their exemplary actions to drive and train more elite soldiers and strong men to educate and reform criminals. Prison leaders should establish the core position of educational reform in prison work and give full play to its leading role. It is necessary to put strengthening and improving the education and reform of criminals on an important agenda, conduct regular research and analysis, and effectively solve the contradictions in the education and reform work. It is necessary to effectively protect the people, finances, materials and strength related to the education and reform work. The effect of educating and reforming criminals has a certain lag and concealment, and leaders should have a forward-looking vision, not just focusing on the present. Prison leaders should also incorporate the education reform objectives and quality indicators into the system of administrative law enforcement responsibility system and work objective responsibility system, establish their due status and corresponding scores, and make the education reform work indicators become rigid indicators, which is convenient for inspection and assessment. Prison leaders should personally go to the front line to reform criminals, give lectures and conquer difficult and dangerous criminals. This will certainly inspire and drive the grassroots police to make progress. Only when the leaders go deep into the grassroots, investigate and study, and grasp the first-hand situation can they truly make correct decisions and command.
Second, the functional department in charge of education reform, mainly the education department of prisons at present, must create good guarantee conditions for education reform. The functional departments of educational reform at all levels in the prison system are responsible for providing reference and suggestions for leaders' decision-making, and organizing, guiding and coordinating the development of various educational reform businesses in a timely manner. Giving full play to their functions plays a vital role in promoting the fruitful development of educational reform. Under the new situation, the practice of criminal education and reform urgently requires the functional departments of education and reform to further emancipate their minds, change their concepts, seek development, and strive to make practical progress in the following aspects. First of all, according to the current situation of criminals' education and reform and the reality of criminals' ideological reform in the new period, we should carry out extensive and in-depth investigation and study, identify the weak links of current education and reform, choose the starting point for strengthening and improving, find out the current criminals' ideological reality, behavioral characteristics and reform needs, further clarify the working ideas, and strive to explore new methods and new ways to strengthen and reform criminals' education and reform under the new situation, so as to seize the initiative in work. Secondly, constantly enhance the sense of responsibility and mission. It is the unshirkable responsibility of the functional department of education and reform to do a good job in the education and reform of criminals in the new period. Third, strive to enhance the sense of position and aggression. The venues, funds and teachers provided for the education and reform of criminals play a leading role in the education and reform work.
Third, prison police should take education reform as their own responsibility, take improving the quality of education reform as their work goal, blaze new trails, forge ahead in unity, and strive to improve the quality of education reform. Since the reform of the prison system, the prison police feel that the burden on their shoulders is heavier, and the requirements of the law for the prison police are more specific and strict. The vast majority of police officers can enforce the law legally, justly, civilly and scientifically, but a few police officers have gone astray and become law enforcement targets for various reasons. There are also some police officers who have insufficient understanding of the current civilized law enforcement work and still stay in the primary stage of simple and rude law enforcement. They believe that if we want to do a good job in educational reform, simple preaching will not be effective. As long as more severe or even personal restraint measures are taken, prisoners can be reformed. The author believes that this idea is unacceptable and is the fuse that leads to further illegal law enforcement in the future. Prison police must completely abandon this understanding psychologically. To improve the quality of education reform, we should not only rely on the improvement of laws and the correct decision of prison leaders, but also rely on the pioneering and innovative work of prison police, especially grassroots police, constantly sum up experience and explore a set of more scientific and effective methods. At present, there is a practice in education reform, which is to separate education reform from labor reform in time and put the police in charge. I think it needs to be changed. Prison police are a team, which needs a certain division of labor, but also needs the cooperation of education and reform. On the one hand, the emergence of a large number of stubborn criminals, dangerous criminals and criminals who resist educational reform has its own reasons, and this simple division of labor in the reform time and the division of labor in charge of the police has also led some prisoners to take advantage of the loopholes. For example, they take advantage of the time difference between police handover, show different roles in front of different policemen, and even encourage and provoke discord among policemen in order to escape education and reform. Due to the division of functions, the police in the same sub-prison area have not met for several weeks except for routine meetings, so it is difficult to find the abnormal performance of prisoners in educational reform, which is very unfavorable for grasping the behavioral trends of prisoners in time. Therefore, in the educational reform work, we should not only attach importance to the necessity of division of labor between police, but also emphasize the importance of police cooperation. As far as teaching reform is concerned, the police in the same sub-prison area are a team, so we should proceed from the team's goal and sense of responsibility to do a better job in teaching reform together.
Fourthly, prisoners who receive education reform should change their one-sided understanding of the "useless theory of education reform", establish the phased goal of education reform from the heart, and gradually turn themselves into useful talents and law-abiding citizens. Many prisoners hold the "useless theory of educational reform", which is nothing more than thinking that others can't see whether their reform is good or not, or that they can't find a job after they get out of prison, or they are discriminated against, so they relax their understanding of educational reform. The author thinks that the quality of education can not be distinguished from the appearance, but the influence of educational reform on prisoners can be found through scientific evaluation standards. The prison police should guide the prisoners to establish the goals of educational reform in different stages and gradually realize them, instead of using a general standard to measure the results of the reform. Once prisoners have a sense of accomplishment, they will inevitably have a strong interest in police teaching. "Interest is the teacher of learning", so is education reform. For example, different educational reform goals are set for prisoners with different types of crimes, and different educational reform goals are set for prisoners with different prison terms. Only when each specific goal is achieved can the next goal be achieved, so that the educational reform work can have realistic standards. For prisoners, it is no longer a boring sermon or a "sleepy" theory.
2. Education reform should be introduced into Scientific Outlook on Development.
The improvement of the quality of education reform is inseparable from the active participation of all parties involved, and is also closely related to the teaching methods and contents of education reform. The author thinks that in order to really improve the quality of education reform, Scientific Outlook on Development must be introduced into education reform, and the quality of education reform should be improved from the following aspects.
First, scientifically understand criminals and educate and reform them.
For a long time, the public has always preferred to treat prisoners in a certain way, commonly known as "colored glasses" to know criminals. For most citizens, they have the freedom to reserve their opinions, while for prison police engaged in educational reform, they should change their single, biased and too absolute understanding. Some policemen hate prisoners in their hearts, and they avoid the education and reform work if they can, and avoid it if they can. They did not establish a trust relationship with prisoners from the beginning, and the education and reform work was delayed for a long time. To improve the quality of education and reform is a joke in their eyes. Some prison leaders have different views on education reform. They always think that education reform is omnipotent. Once die-hards and dangerous elements appear, they will belittle the work enthusiasm of grassroots police. Even some prisons and prison leaders are unwilling to reflect the negative phenomenon of grassroots police and cannot face up to the problems existing in educational reform. There are also some policemen who are committed to educational reform at first, but the fact that they have repeatedly hit a wall makes them reluctant to talk about educational reform. At present, the phenomenon of "unwilling to manage, unable to manage, and afraid to manage" is widespread among grassroots police, which may be related to this. The author believes that these phenomena exist because we don't have a scientific attitude towards criminals and educational reform. Can criminals be reformed? How to evaluate the decoration quality? Once there are negative examples, are they all related to poor police work? To answer these questions, we must first establish Scientific Outlook on Development's idea. People are social, and criminals are no exception. Sociality is the commonality of human beings. We believe that education reform can save a person, which is based on the general understanding that most prisoners can become law-abiding citizens and useful talents to society through education reform. However, people are different, that is, people's personalities. The characteristic that distinguishes each individual from other individuals is its personality. The individual differences of prisoners determine that the education and reform work must be targeted. If we ignore commonness and overemphasize individuality in the educational reform, it will be difficult for prisoners to form a joint force, the influence of the group will be weakened, and the educational reform will easily become fragmented, thus losing cohesion. On the other hand, if the commonness is overemphasized, the individual differences of prisoners are ignored, and the educational reform is not targeted, then prisoners will easily lose their enthusiasm and interest, and will easily form a "prison personality", and educational reform will often appear "soft nails". Therefore, in order to scientifically understand criminals and the work of education and reform, we must recognize the relationship between criminals' commonness and individuality and find a balance point. For most prisoners who can be reformed, we should actively guide them; For the few black sheep who really don't repent, we should take appropriate ways and means instead of earnestly preaching to solve them. The author believes that within the scope of a prison, a corresponding criminal behavior analysis institution should be set up to analyze the root causes of prisoners' behavior and make targeted corrections. At present, it is difficult for the police to reform short-term criminals, "relationship criminals" and cunning criminals. On the one hand, it is related to the lack of police force at the grass-roots level, and on the other hand, it is related to the lack of police countermeasures in this regard. It should be scientifically recognized that instead of letting the police in each sub-prison area deal with and educate the "anti-reform elites" among the prisoners alone, it is better to concentrate these "anti-reform elites" who are not confined enough and concentrate on teaching in order to achieve the educational effect.