On February 20 12, the professional standards for kindergarten teachers (for trial implementation), primary school teachers (for trial implementation) and middle school teachers (for trial implementation) were promulgated;

The "basic content" of professional standards includes three levels: dimension, field and basic requirements.

"Dimension" includes three aspects: professional concept and morality, professional knowledge and professional ability; Under each "dimension", several fields are established; Under each "field", several "basic requirements" are put forward. ?

Professional philosophy and professional ethics

"Professional view" is the concept and belief about education and teaching; "Teachers' morality" refers to the basic code of conduct followed by teachers in dealing with various relationships in their professional life, as well as the concept consciousness and behavior quality shown by following these codes.

"Professional concept and teachers' morality" not only goes beyond the category of "epistemology" to which "professional concept" belongs, but also extends to the level of emotion, will and behavior. It also goes beyond the category of "teachers' morality" in the general sense and requires teachers to form a firm professional identity and belief.

Four areas:

Treating occupation: occupation understanding and cognition; Treating students: Attitude and behavior towards students.

Treat education and teaching: the attitude and behavior of education and teaching treat yourself: personal accomplishment and behavior

Professional understanding and cognition

Main requirements: teaching according to law; Love and dedication; Be a teacher; Solidarity and collaboration

Among the above requirements, the core is "love and respect for their posts" and "be a teacher", which are the basic quality requirements and pursuits that teachers should have as professionals. Professional understanding and understanding of teachers' profession is a professional profession is the premise and foundation for teachers to "love their posts and be a model"

2. Attitude and behavior towards students

Main requirements: caring for students (caring for every student wholeheartedly, without favoritism, discrimination, irony or corporal punishment);

Respect and trust students (respect students' independent personality and individual, trust students and promote their independent development)

Caring for students is the core of teachers' professional ethics and the basis and premise for teachers to carry out professional activities; Respecting and trusting students is the deepening and implementation of caring and caring for students.

3. Attitude and behavior of education and teaching

Main requirements: educating people first, moral education first: teaching and educating people. ? Respect the law and teach students in accordance with their aptitude. ? Guide and promote students' independent development.

4. Personal cultivation and behavior

Teachers are professions that cultivate the mind. Teachers' manners, manners, work, lifestyle, and even clothing and appearance will exert a subtle influence on students. Teachers' personal accomplishment and behavior are important educational resources and means.

The requirements for teachers' "personal accomplishment and behavior" reflect the expectations of teachers' "internal and external training" and "being a model".

The story of three masons

Three masons are building a church. A pedestrian passed by the construction site and asked a bricklayer, "Master, what are you doing?" He replied, "didn't you see it?" I am building a wall, because building a wall can get a salary, support my family and solve my life. "

The second mason replied, "I am building a church." We are all believers in God. I want to build a spiritual home for my family, my relatives and friends, and the folks in our area. " ?

The third mason replied, "I am realizing my dream to build the most beautiful church in the world."

A few years later, all three bricklayers found different jobs and lived different lives. The first mason was still a mason, the second mason became a priest, and the third mason became an architect of world civilization. ?

Enlightenment: the height and realm of concern determine the height of growth (the importance of professional concepts and teachers' morality); Teachers should experience the joy and happiness of teachers' profession and feel the meaning and value of their own lives.

(2) Professional knowledge

Professional knowledge of primary and secondary school teachers: based on the consideration of subject teaching, teachers are required to have: educational knowledge; Subject knowledge; Subject teaching knowledge; Common sense.

Kindergarten teachers' knowledge: child development knowledge, child care and education knowledge, general knowledge (no subject and subject teaching knowledge)

1. Educational knowledge

Teachers should not only know what to teach, but also know how to teach and how to teach well.

Educational knowledge: knowledge of pedagogy and psychology needed in the process of education and teaching.

Educational knowledge mainly includes: first, knowledge about the characteristics and laws of students' learning, growth and development; The second is the knowledge about the basic laws and methods of education and teaching.

2. Subject knowledge

Subject knowledge: knowledge about the subject to be taught. The importance of subject knowledge: the premise of teaching.

Basic requirements of subject knowledge: basic knowledge, basic principles and basic skills of the subject being taught.

The knowledge system, basic ideas and methods of the subjects taught.

The relationship between the discipline taught and other disciplines and practical activities.

3. Subject teaching knowledge

Subject teaching knowledge is a concept put forward by Schulman (L.).

Subject teaching knowledge refers to the knowledge that teachers transform their subject knowledge into a form that students can easily understand when facing a specific topic, aiming at students' different interests and abilities. It is the product of the integration of educational knowledge and subject knowledge.

Main requirements: knowledge of curriculum development according to national curriculum standards; When learning specific subject content, we should carry out targeted knowledge teaching according to students' characteristics.

4. Common sense

Main requirements: knowledge of natural science and humanities and social sciences; Knowledge about art; Information technology knowledge; Understanding of education in China.

Teachers are required to have modern information technology knowledge, because this is the basic literacy that teachers should have in the information society.

Asking to know the basic situation of China's education is to expect that teachers' education and teaching will not be divorced from China's current educational reality.

Teachers are required to have extensive knowledge and accomplishment in humanities and social sciences, mainly seeking the balance between professional development and human development.

Hargreaves and Foran: Teacher development "includes not only changing teachers' behavior, but also changing teachers as people". It is misleading to pay attention to behavioral skills without considering their foothold and influence on attitudes and beliefs, which may be proved to be invalid.

(3) Professional ability

"Professional ability" includes: teaching design ability, teaching implementation ability, class management and education ability, education and teaching evaluation ability, communication and cooperation ability, reflection and development ability and so on.

Further induction can be summarized into three aspects: educational and teaching ability; Communication skills; Self-development ability. In these three aspects, communication ability is the foundation, teaching ability is the core, and self-development ability is the guarantee.

1. Teaching design ability

Instructional design is an important part of classroom teaching, and it is the foundation of class.

Main requirements: be able to design teaching objectives; Teaching process design ability; Learning guidance and design ability.

The Standard regards instructional design ability as an important content of instructional design ability, which is an important embodiment of the concept of "student-oriented".

2. Teaching implementation ability

Main requirements: the ability to create a teaching environment; Teaching adaptability; Effective teaching ability; Exploring teaching ability; Application ability of modern educational technology.

Judging from the basic requirements of "inspiration, inquiry, discussion and participation", "stimulating and protecting students' interest in learning" and "developing students' innovative ability", the standard embodies the concept of "student-oriented".

3. Class management and educational ability The mission of teachers to "teach and educate people"

Main requirements: class management ability: building classes; Carry out class activities

Ability to educate people: combine teaching to educate people; Ability to organize moral education, health education and student guidance.

Ability to deal with emergencies

4. Education and teaching evaluation ability

The evaluation ability of education and teaching is the ability of teachers to know the students' learning situation through various means, so as to judge whether the predetermined education and teaching goals are completed and whether the students have reached the predetermined learning goals, so as to continuously improve the education and teaching work.

Main requirements: evaluate students' ability; The ability to guide students to conduct self-evaluation; Self-taught ability to evaluate (or reflect). (developmental evaluation; For students)

5. Ability of communication and cooperation

Teachers' job is to deal with people, and establishing good communication and cooperation with students, colleagues, parents and communities is the basic guarantee for carrying out education and teaching. Main requirements: communication skills with students; Ability to cooperate and communicate with colleagues; Ability to communicate and cooperate with family and community.

6. Reflection and development ability

The improvement of teachers' professional ability is a lifelong and continuous process. Especially in the society of lifelong learning, only when teachers have the ability of self-development can they constantly improve their professional level and meet the needs of education and teaching. Main requirements: reflective ability; Research ability; Career development planning ability.