Qin burned books to bury Confucianism, and ancient books were missing. Whenever he gets a good book from the people, he will be good at writing it back, and keep its true copy, plus gold, silver and silk to attract books from all over the world. Therefore, those who have old books often play Hejian King. So there are as many books as there are in the Han Dynasty. The books obtained are all ancient Chinese and pre-Qin old books, which are of high value. He studied the Six Classics and took poetry and Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals as his doctor. Learning etiquette and music, refining Confucianism, Shandong Confucian scholars often walk from this.
Han inherited the Qin system, and when he arrived at Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he felt that it was difficult for the country to maintain long-term stability only by strict legal system and without moral education. Therefore, following the political proposition of Dong Zhongshu, a great scholar, "Confucianism alone, a hundred schools of thought contend", Confucius and Mencius were practiced as loyal to the monarch and loving the people.
However, the "three generations of books" have been burned out, and few people have studied it. It is not easy to restore Confucian education. At this time, Liu De, the king of Hejian, was at the right time, and "the ashes were destroyed and scattered, but they survived."
I traveled all over Yan Lu and Zhao Wei, looking for books for my motherland. Liu De is not afraid of hard work and puts it into practice. Anyone who heard that there were good books among the people collected them in person, bought them at a high price, and ordered people to copy another one for the people. For those who don't want to sell, they ask for it and never take coercive measures, which was difficult for the rulers at that time. As a result, Liu Dexian became famous, and many intellectuals were not far away from ordinary people. They brought their ancestors' old books to contribute, and Liu Dejun gave them reuse and rewards. There are dozens of books such as Poems, Zuo Zhuan, Zhou Guan and The Book of Rites. The number is so large that it is full of pavilions and pavilions. It is said that "its number can be compared with that of the Han Dynasty".
Family members, parents and father: Han Jingdi, Liu Qi
Mother: Li Ji.
Liu Buzhou, son of Hejian
week
Pang Guanghou Liu Yin
From Yangliu
Give up when you get married.
A Wu Dai Liu Hou language
Attend the family sacrifice and avoid Liu.
National holiday fund
Pingcheng Hou Liuli
Guanghou liushun
Gaixu Liu Hou rang
Shenyang Liu Hou acted it himself.
Personal contribution In order to organize these ancient books, Liu De personally organized and participated. He took Li Mao and Guan Changqing, famous Confucian scholars, as his doctors, and Wang Ding as his teacher, recruited world-famous bachelors, studied and sorted out the books he obtained, and built a Confucianism research institute in the southwest of Beijing (now Yanjiapu Village, Botou City), named "Rihua Palace", with more than 20 guest houses and hundreds of Confucian scholars.
Liu De's attitude in sorting out ancient books is very strict. He will organize a group of Confucian scholars to discuss and analyze those who are incomplete, use different words and have different versions, correct their mistakes and carefully organize them into books.
According to legend, the earliest authors of Shi Mao were Confucius and his disciple Xia Zi. Xia Zi wrote a poem preface for Zeng Zhong, who got Li Ke, Li Ke's Meng Zhongzi, Meng Zhongzi's Gen Mou Zi, Sun Delu Mao Heng, Mao Heng's Zhao Maozi (so-called Xiao Maogong), and Mao was recruited as a doctor by Liu Dezhao. In order to distinguish it from the poems of Qi, Lu and Han that were circulated at that time, the poem handed down from generation to generation was called Mao Shi. The three poems of Qi, Lu and Han have long been lost, and the only contribution made Shi Mao spread to this day and become a monograph to annotate the Book of Songs in China. According to legend, Zuo Zhuan was written by Zuo Qiuming in the Spring and Autumn Period, which is a historical and literary work in ancient China.
At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Zuo's Family Biography in the Spring and Autumn Period was written by Hou Peiping, Jia Yi, Jing, and Liu Gongzi, a great doctor in Taizhong. Jia Yi presented Zuo Zhuan to Guan Changqing of Zhao, who called it "Zuo Zhuan" and was recruited as a doctor. With the systematic processing, sorting and interpretation of Zuo Zhuan, it has become an ancient masterpiece.
After hard collating, a large number of original books were sorted out, which was really helpful to Hanting, which was very short of books at that time. Historian Liu De brought many ancient books, such as poems and books, to North Korea. Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was very happy to see Liu De bring so many books to the court. Every time a grand book collection ceremony is held, people will be summoned in Sanyong Palace to ask more than 30 questions about Confucianism. Liu De answered them on the spot and put forward a well-founded argument. At that time, princes and ministers also presented books and suggestions, but most of them were written by some miscellaneous scholars, which had no reference and collection value. Only the books provided by Liu De are truly Confucian classics, and most of them are "fine works". Therefore, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty attached great importance to his half-brother. He personally gave wine, gold and silk many times, and suddenly Liu Dexian's name spread all over the world.
Among the Confucian scholars gathered by Hejian Wang Liude, there are many scholars who have in-depth research on Confucian classics, especially maoji and Guan Gong. Zhang Dai's Biography of the Book of Songs in the Ming Dynasty: "Shang Bo started the preface to the Book of Songs, Yuan Gu wrote it as a poem of Qi, and it was written as a poem of Lu, which was given by Bo. Li Mao's ancient motto is Shi Mao, which was given by Mao Heng. " First, he learned the Biography of Poetry from Mao Heng, and later he was made a doctor of Hejian, and Liu De, the king of Hejian, built the Scholar's Academy for him. Mao Heng's Poems originated from Xia Zi, a student of Confucius, which is the oldest meaning. Dai's "Night Flight, Literature Department, Mao Poetry": "Give Lu Maoheng an exegetical biography as a gift to Zhao Bang. At that time, people regarded (Mao) as the big Mao Gong and (Mao) as the little Mao Gong, which was passed down as the second house, hence the name "." Lu died in the Western Jin Dynasty, Qi died in Cao Wei, and Han Shi died in the Northern Song Dynasty. Only Shi Mao, as the place where the gentleman pavilion in Liu Dejian presented the king, was widely circulated among scholars all over the world, handed down and nurtured generations of scholars. In the late Qing Dynasty, Mu Guohu wrote a poem: "Corporal Lixian, Hanwang has an ancient style. People in the past are old now. Dr. Li Mao, who inherited the "poetry", also heard of this gentleman when he built the museum. "
Guan Gong first studied Zuo Zhuan from Jia Yi, and later became a doctor in He Jianguo. His Zuo Zhuan was handed down from generation to generation until Liu Xin, a scholar at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. There is a sentence in Zhang Mu's poem "The special song of Hanshui Xianjun Hall is to praise Lu Xian in the same year" in the Qing Dynasty: "Han Xing swings away from calligraphy, as if the sun were born in the east. Sanfufu is spacious and has a wrong IQ. Tanzhe River is the second canal of Shenyu Temple. Xian Wang built a pavilion by the river, telling the truth that poetry is a book. Pu comes to spit water, and Hebei Confucianism is king. The death of Lanling is a sign of death, and the capillary is a gentleman. Gentlemen want to die, princes are in the Six Classics. " Horrible scaphoid, penetrating fingers. The law of "getting rid of carrying books" refers to the harsh law that Liu Ying, Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty, deposed private books in Qin Dynasty. "Emperor Ji of Han Hui": "March Jiazi, Emperor Guan, forgive the world. Provincial laws hinder the people, except calligraphy. " In the Tang Dynasty, Yan Shigu quoted Zhang Yan as saying, "Qin law dares to have a home for scribes."
Five years after the founding of Liu Che (BC 136), the imperial court set up five classics doctors: Yi, Shu, Shi, Li and Chun Qiu. Jingshi University is located in Shi Jing, with Dr. Wu Jinglian as a teacher. The classics of teaching doctoral students are all written in official scripts prevailing in the Han Dynasty, so they are called "Jinwen Classics". Dong Zhongshu, the founder of Confucian Classics, inherited and developed the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements in The Book of Changes, and put forward the Confucian theory of "harmony between man and nature" and the moral norms of "three cardinal guides and five permanents". At that time, these theories were conducive to maintaining national unity and social stability. Some of them were supported by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, so the court established the national policy of respecting Confucius and valuing books, which was a great encouragement for Hejian Wang Liude who was bent on reviving Confucianism.
Liu De went to Chang 'an with confidence to present the achievements of Confucianism research in Hejian to the imperial court. According to historical records, Liu De came to Korea in the winter of the fifth year of Yuan Guang in Han Dynasty (BC 136). Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty summoned Liu De in Sanyong Palace and asked him for advice. "Historical Records Five Families" Pei's collection quoted "Famous Officials in Hanshu": "Hejian presented the king with Ming skills and accumulated virtue, and all the heroes and scholars in the world returned to him. When honoring Liang Wudi, you should show kindness to the court, and treat things with clothes. (Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty) asked for five strategies and offered you endless gifts. " Liu De, the king of Hejian, also had Confucian discussions with some Confucian officials during his capital Chang 'an. Dong Zhongshu's Spring and Autumn Stories and Five Elements Pairs records the dialogue with Liu De, and involves the Book of Filial Piety, which is also one of the lost books collected by Liu De. Ma Duanlin, a famous scholar at the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, quoted Chen in the Song Dynasty as saying: "After the Qin fire was passed down from generation to generation, Yan Zhide, a man from Hejian, was hidden in the Book of Filial Piety to present the king of Hejian."
Records of Sui Shu's Annals of the Classics: In the early Han Dynasty, Hejian presented 56 articles of The Book of Rites to Liu Dehao, who loved learning since ancient times, collected embers and recorded great deeds. He also got Sima Yi's The Art of War 155 and Records of Yin and Yang in Mingtang, and no scholars dared to preach the theory. Zhou Guan covers the law of official management formulated by the Duke of Zhou. Li's Zhou Guan was presented to the king in Hejian, and the only one was Winter Guan. Hejian offered the king a thousand dollars, so he took Kao Gong Ji to make up for it and synthesized six Zhou Guan. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Hejian presented the King with 13 1 articles written by Zhong Ni's disciples and later scholars, but there was no biography. In addition, there are 33 kinds of Yin and Yang Annals of Mingtang, 7 kinds of Annals of Three Dynasties of Confucius, 2 1 kind of Wang Shishi and 23 kinds of Yuezhi, all of which are five kinds, totaling 2 14 kinds. Dade (a ritual musician in Han Dynasty, Yan Jun, known as Dade in the world) deleted his annoyance and recorded it in eighty-five articles, which was called "Great Dai Ji". And Dai Sheng (the word Erjun, known as Dai Xiao) deleted 46 articles of Da Dai Shu, which was called Dai Xiao Collection. Dai's "Night Sailing, Literature Department, Music Notes": "Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty first got the seal of the Duke of Zhou's" Da ",and Hejian gave it to the king as a music note."
Academic research Academically speaking, the doctors of the Five Classics established by the Han court all taught "the study of modern classics". However, according to the needs of real politics at that time, Confucian classics is a typical pragmatic political philosophy, and there are many academic problems to be discussed. Compared with the study of modern Confucian classics, it is the study of ancient Confucian classics, which is an ancient book written with ancient pre-Qin characters. There are two main sources of China's classical books: one is13rd century's Confucius Collection published by Lu Guo, and the other is Hejian Wang's book collection. Scholars in the Han Dynasty exegesis these ancient classics, thus forming a "study of ancient classics", which is recorded in Records of the Historian Sui Shu: "The ancient texts obtained by Lu Gong of Hanwang and Wang Xian of Hejian were studied by scholars in order to become their studies, which is called" ancient studies ". Liu Yu (altogether), Wang of the Principality of Lu, is good at managing the palace gardens. In order to expand the palace garden, he demolished the former residence of Confucius in Qufu and found many ancient books on the wall. Some books collected by Confucius Wall were actually passed on to Liu De, the king of Hejian. According to Ma Duanlin, a scholar in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, a general examination of documents records: "Fifty-six pieces of books were given to Hejian Wang in ancient times, which were collected by Kongbi." Song Chenpu's poem "Offering a King in the River" says: "Rites and music will cool Hande and make merchants pay for it." Zhou Guan "buried the yellow soil for a thousand years, and now Han offers several kings." After being buried underground for thousands of years, the book "Zhou Guan" was rediscovered because the river offered a king, and its achievements can be described as benefiting several generations. However, during the 400 years of the Han Dynasty, how many princes of Liu could study as well as King Hejian?
Liu De's achievements in collecting and sorting out Confucian classics, as well as his own Confucian attainments in the capital of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, are bound to be respected by courtiers and should also be appreciated by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, who is known as the sole master of Confucianism. However, to Liu De's surprise, Liang Wudi doubted Liu De, the king of Hejian who is famous for his virtue and knowledge, and issued a severe warning to him. According to Pei's Collection of Historical Records of Five Southern Song Dynasties, "Liang Wudi is filial, saying that' Tang Qili, Wang Baili and Wang Qimian are also." (Dedication) Wang knows what he means. When he comes back, he will definitely indulge in wine and listen to music, because he will be finished. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty means that Shang and Ji Chang were kings of small countries 70 miles away, 100 miles away, and they captured the ancient sages of the world. Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, warned Liu De in this way with obvious intention: Liu De should maintain his vassal status and not covet the artifacts of the Han Dynasty! Delai Liu, who sincerely gave books and longed for the prosperity of Confucianism in the Han Dynasty, said that the words of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were undoubtedly a blow and suffered a fatal mental blow. Moreover, the books presented by Liu De were deliberately hidden in secret rooms and dark warehouses by the imperial court, which did not play a role; Although the presented elegant music also allows musicians to practice, it is not often quoted by the court. Liu De, the disheartened Hejian king, had to indulge in drinking and listening to songs after he returned to Hejian to seal the country. While putting on a show for the imperial court, he also paralyzed his spirit and damaged his health. Beauty of wine and wine is a huge axe and a sword. Four months later, Liu De, the king of Hejian, died when he was less than 50 years old! The poor generation of wise kings died of depression, and the pattern of vassal kings disappeared from then on. Wang Song Anshi's poem "Going to Jiangbei" said: "Going to Jiangbei, Chitose wants to be a wise king. Flax grows in the crown of the tree and will hurt itself. Even if morality is good, it is appropriate to rely on material things. Knowing Yin is self-cultivation, not for business. There are only three families, and the temple is full of objects. If you teach your son to talk empty words, you will only get bad results. "
From the perspective of political science, it can be said that Liu De, the king of Hejian, went to Beijing to offer scriptures, and Yale was left out in the cold by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. From the perspective of political philosophy, the good Confucianism of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty only combined the kingly bullying and Confucianism with Confucianism to teach the people and govern the country. After Liu Qi, the father of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "Wu Chu Rebellion", the imperial court strengthened centralization, stipulating that vassal states only collected rent taxes and did not ask about political affairs, that is, they did not treat the people by land. Liu Che, Emperor Gaozu, had thirteen brothers who were enfeoffed as kings (known as the Thirteen Kings of Han Jing in history), so Emperor Gaozu should be on guard. In contrast, Liu De is the most threatening person to the throne. After his biological mother's family suffered bad luck (his brother and Rong committed suicide, and his mother was put in limbo), Liu Che had to establish a prince and his mother Wang Meiren was established as a queen because of the vested interests with the matriarchal Wang family. Before and after the situation turned upside down, which made Liu Che, the Emperor of Soochow, have to guard against Liu De, the king of Hejian. As for other princes, most of them "regard the palace as high, the dog and horse as high" and indulge in pleasure rather than harm. Ban Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty said in the Biography of Hanshu: "The thirteen kings of (Han) scenery are the celebration of literature. Guan, Jiangduqing, Zhao Jingxian, Zhong Shanyin, Changsha Gu, Guang Chuan are silent, Jiaodong is not bright, and Changshan is arrogant. The four kingdoms are sacred, the rivers are wise, and the rites and music are cultivated, which is Han Zongying. " Among the thirteen vassal kings enfeoffed by Liu Qi, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, (altogether) built palaces, Jiangdu Fei was frivolous and arrogant, Liu was sinister and cunning, Zhongshan was wretched and happy, Changsha was lonely and incompetent, Guangdong Wang Chuan Liu Yue was taciturn, Jiaodong Wang Liu Ji was obscure and ignorant, Changshan Wang Liu Shun was arrogant and domineering, and four kings were punished for illegal acts. It can be seen that among the thirteen princes of Liu Qifeng, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, only Liu De, the king of Hejian, was a hero of the imperial clan of the Han Dynasty and a model of the princes. More than 1000 years later, Sima Guang commented in "As a Mirror": "Princes and nobles are not good at luxuriating in books, but are solid and fresh." I don't like floating theory, and I don't like taking the right path. I know it clearly and believe it. Everything that is pure and diligent is right. "Therefore, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty discovered that his half-brother was virtuous, talented, with different customs and ambitious, so he deliberately snubbed and suppressed Hejian Wang to warn him never to do evil. In the poem "Wang Xian Ci" written by Duanmu Guozhuo in the Qing Dynasty, he said: "Filial piety is like a small bag, and it is rare for the Han family to have this relative. A famous monarch is called Confucianism, and the son of heaven is ridiculous. Liu Zizheng, bad guy Yale Li Yannian. Later, when I heard the spot car enter, I remembered the prostitute's money in the river. "Liu Zizheng mentioned in the poem, namely Liu Xiang, a scholar of classics, a bibliographer and a writer in the Western Han Dynasty, was formerly known as Gengsheng and Zizheng, and was the fourth grandson of Liu Jiao, king of Chu and Yuan Dynasties in the Western Han Dynasty. Li Yannian, a native of Zhongshan (now Dingzhou, Hebei Province), was an accomplished pop musician in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. His parents, brothers and sisters are musicians, and he is an artist who plays music, sings and dances as his profession. The masterpiece "Song of Beauty". His sister, Li Furen, was loved by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Historical Records Record Five Families of Historical Records
Biography of Thirteen Kings of Han Dynasty
Zitongzhi Han Jian Fair
Commemoration for future generations: On April 8th, 20th15th, the first Wanghan Culture Festival in China and the sacrificial ceremony for Liu Dechun in the last year of the second year were held in xian county Memorial Park, which attracted the attention of dozens of national media and was watched by thousands of people.
It is reported that this Han Culture Festival is sponsored by xian county Wangxian Cultural Research Association and Hebei Wang Xian Group. This activity focuses on spreading China cultural classics, commemorating the great achievements of Wang Liude in Xi 'an, showing the face of ancient etiquette in China and interpreting the essence of China culture. With the rising of chimes and chimes, eight Hanfu women dressed in bitter clothes danced with a dance music of the Han Dynasty. Sheng music and drums echoed in the air, and the official wished the official to announce the official start of the Spring Festival ceremony. 12 The deacon slowly entered the venue with ceremonial items such as palace lanterns and peacock fans. Wang Zhanfang, the chairman of the group, Liu Zhongxin, the great-grandson of the seventy-sixth generation, and Fang Wensheng, a famous poet, entered the venue in turn as the chief sacrificial officer, the accompanying sacrificial officer and the ceremonial officer, which pushed the Han Culture Festival to a solemn, serious and heavy historical and cultural atmosphere. In addition, Wang Xian Group also invited Fang Wensheng to write the lyrics "Songs of Wang Xian" with national characteristics for this Han Culture Festival, and read them at the scene.