He traveled to Japan and went south to Indonesia to accept advanced ideas. He has taught in Zhuji Middle School, Zhejiang First Normal University and Shanghai Fudan University for decades. 19 19 He was hired by Jing Hengyi to reform Putonghua education with Chen Wangdao, Xia Mianzun and licijiu, and was called "Four donkey kong". Later, he served as Minister of Education, Executive Deputy Minister and Secretary of the Central Political Conference. In the 1920s, he visited our school and gave a speech.
1925 wrote lyrics for the school song of Fudan University. The lyrics of Fudan school songs are between classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese, taking the advantage of both, and have been sung by Fudan teachers and students so far. [ 1]
Chinese name
Liu Dabai
Another name
Wu Bai
nationality
China
nation
Han (ha)
date of birth
1880 10 October 2nd
quick
navigate by water/air
The bibliography of literary status works represents poems, old poems and new words, and the school song of Fudan University.
biography
1880 10 On February 2nd, Liu Dabai was born in Pingshui Village, Huiji County (now Shaoxing), Zhejiang Province. When Liu Dabai was a teenager, his surname was Jin, formerly known as Jin Qingbang, and his name was Bo Zhen. 1895, Liu Dabai left his hometown for the first time, went to Hangzhou to take the imperial examination, got an excellent tribute, and was invited to Beijing to be elected. Just then, his father died of illness, but he didn't succeed. As an adult, Liu Dabai worked as a teacher in Shaoxing Normal School and Shanhui Primary School. 19 10 In February, he ended his life in his hometown and went to Beijing to find a job. Liu Dabai failed to find a job in Beijing and decided to leave Beijing by boat and return to the south by sea. After returning to Shaoxing, he co-edited Shaoxing Communique with Wang Shiyu, a member of the Old League and Guangfu Association in the late Qing Dynasty, and worked with his good friend Ren Shouhong in the newspaper for more than a year. 19 13 years, Liu Dabai fled to Japan. During his stay in Tokyo, Japan, Liu Dabai joined the League. 19 15 years, he publicly published 2 1 articles against treason treaties. Under the surveillance of the Japanese National Police Agency, he had to leave Tokyo for Nanyang. He has been visited by Singapore, Sumatra and other places.
Liu Dabai
Until June of 19 16, Yuan Shikai failed to claim the throne and died. Liu Dabai was able to return to China from Nanyang, settled in No.3 Pishi Lane, Hangzhou, and worked in Hangzhou Daily for a living. From June 65438 to June 0920, after returning to Shaoxing from Hangzhou, Liu Dabai moved to Hangzhou, Xiaoshan, Shaoxing and other places, and taught in Chongwen, Anding, Chunhui and other middle schools successively. During the two years from 192 1 to 1922, Liu Dabai wrote many new poems and essays, which were published in the Republic of China Daily. The new poem is signed by Liu Dabai, named or Jing nationality. Many of Liu Dabai's new poems describe the miserable life of the working people at the bottom. 1924, Liu Dabai joined the New South Society headed by Liu Yazi, and joined the Shanghai Branch of the Literature Research Association in the same year. 1924 In March, Liu Dabai's first collection of poems, Old Dreams, was published by Shanghai Commercial Press, and a total of 597 poems were included in the Literature Research Association Series. Poems written by Chen Wangdao and Zhou Zuoren are Liu Dabai's new poems written in 19 19- 1922.
At the end of February, 1924, Liu Dabai went from Hangzhou to Shanghai. On the recommendation of Shao Lizi, he was hired as a liberal arts professor at Fudan University in Shanghai and lived in Jiangwan School Building. Later, he was hired as a professor of China Literature at Shanghai University. After teaching at Fudan University and Shanghai University, Liu Dabai began to devote more energy to academic research. After Sun Yat-sen reorganized the Kuomintang, Liu Dabai and Zhu joined the Kuomintang and founded education. Liu Dabai is responsible for editing Dawn Weekly with teachers such as Xu Weinan and Chen Wangdao. Liu Dabai published a large number of political articles in magazines, which hit the nail on the head with the spring and autumn brushwork of "praise, glory, belittle, and being stricter than an axe", and had a certain impact on the school and society. 192665438+February, another new poetry collection by Liu Dabai, Kiss by Mail, was first published by Shanghai Mingkai Bookstore and included in the "Dawn Society Series", which included 100 poems written by the author during the three years from May 65438 to May 65438 +0926. 1928, 1 In June, he resigned from Fudan University and immediately rushed to Hangzhou to serve as Secretary General of National Zhejiang University. 1August 5, 929, Jiang Menglin, the new minister of education, asked Liu Dabai to be the executive vice minister of the Ministry of Education. Liu Dabai is not only a prolific poet, but also has profound thoughts in literary criticism, including White House Wenhua, Old Poems and New Stories, White House Shi Shuo and so on. Judging from Liu Dabai's three literary works, his understanding of literary heritage is comprehensive and his evaluation is fair. The legacy he left to the ancients was neither erased nor worshipped blindly, but took its essence and discarded its dross. Because of Liu Dabai's foundation, no matter his old-style poems or new-style poems, he rarely uses whitewashed words, making mistakes and perfunctory things, which shows that the poet is profound. Liu Dabai published a variety of works in 1929 due to his painstaking research in the previous stage. In June, 5438+02, his Fifty Years Calendar of China was published by Shanghai Commercial Press, which is a very important reference book. In the same year, 12 and 15 resigned as the Minister of Government Affairs of the Ministry of Education. Starting from 193 1, Liu Dabai worked behind closed doors. 1932 February 13, Liu Dabai lay quietly in bed at No.9 Qiantang Road and passed away at the age of 53.
Liu Dabai
Literary standpoint
The story of selling cloth was first published in Weekly Review on June 6th, 1920. This seemingly simple but profound poem was immediately liked by readers. It was composed and sung by Zhao Yuanren, a famous linguist and composer who just returned from the United States. Mr. Zhao Yuanren pays great attention to the use of words, cavity, sound and rhyme in his music creation, and has always been famous for his beautiful and smooth melody and accurate articulation. For example, Xu Zhimo's poem "Hai Yun" and Liu Bannong's poem "Teach me how to miss him" were all sung for a long time after he composed the music. This song "Ballad of Selling Cloth" also shows the sadness of rural weavers at that time.
Born in 1880, Liu Dabai is one of the important advocates of the New Poetry Movement in China. When I was studying in Japan in my early years, I joined the League, and hosted the Jade News in my hometown of Shaoxing on 19 12, using poetry to oppose Yuan Shikai's stealing the country and calling himself emperor. After the failure of the anti-yuan movement, he was forced into exile in Nanyang. In the May 4th Movement of 19 19, he stood at the forefront of the New Culture Movement. Selling cloth ballads and so on are his representative works advocating anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism with new poems.
At that time, many people wrote new poems, but in the early days, all the poems had some traces of foreign flavor or old poems. Liu Dabai's poetry style is fresh and simple, and it is easy to enter poetry, which is related to his early career as a poet, his profound attainments in China literature, his years of living abroad, his extensive contact with European and American cultures and his broad thinking.
/kloc-0. In March, 924, the collection of poems Old Dreams was published in Shanghai Commercial Press, including 597 new poems such as Selling Cloth Ballads. In just five years, he wrote so much, which is really poetic; Both Zhou Zuoren and Chen Wangdao prefaced his poems. Zhou Zuoren has always admired his classical poetry skills. He said in the preface: "It's a pity that Mr. Liu Dabai's old poems are rich, but he didn't make good use of them." It can also be seen that when he wrote new poems, he made great efforts to popularize them. His poems praised the October Revolution in the Soviet Union and lamented the elusive life. For example, his group poem "Tears" No.37: "The mirror is clearly in front of the flowers/why are there flowers in the mirror? /It is clear that the water is under the moon./Why is the moon in the water? /Obviously people are dreaming,/Why am I dreaming again? " .
Another example is the 46 th song of "The Tears", which expresses the personal helpless sigh about the world: "The bees in the window,/don't they know the light? -/but to find a way out from the glass,/it's too much! "
However, he also encouraged himself to try his best to move forward, such as the 48th song of Tears: "You might as well,/There is no way out,/Just go! /It's a road,/It's also a road! " No.65 is even more spirited: "The prison was built,/Thought was imprisoned,/but she escaped from prison in an instant and suddenly flew." /I dug the grave,/I buried my thoughts,/but she was reborn in an instant. "No.132 sighed again:" I am in a dark world,/only this lonely lamp; /What if it blows up? " This seems to be hesitating again, but it came back to life on 133: "The defense line of the past/only protects the past; /In the future,/it should be rebuilt! "
In that era of great change, the poet's complex mood was expressed through poetry. His poems are regarded by literary historians as "a relatively vivid embodiment of the May 4th movement", which is very accurate.
After 1924, he served as professor of literature department of Fudan University, director of literature department of Shanghai University, executive director of the Ministry of Education of the National Government, and deputy minister of government affairs. Busy with teaching and official business, writing literature handouts, isolated from the people and the bottom, and writing few poems, it is impossible to write a poem that tells the people's sufferings as deeply as selling cloth songs.
However, some people think that "Liu Dabai's later poems (such as mail kisses) are becoming more and more lonely and decadent." This is too much for him. Most of the poems in his mail-order collections were written after teaching from 1923 to 1926. They have different styles, such as the poem "Flower Girl" with profound meaning, and the painting "Autumn Night on the River": "Birds return to their nests,/Although they are tired,/The sun is setting. /Flap your wings,/Set the sunset on the river; /Reed with white head/Also dressed as a beauty for a while. " But there are also heroic poems like "West Wind": "West Wind,/can you only make waves in the world? /If I were you,/I would blow up the Milky Way in the sky, too,/yes. " Although not as good as "Selling Cloth Ballads" a few years ago, it is not easy for him to be so poetic because he is busy with educational affairs.
In the third year after Liu Dabai's death (1935), Shanghai Liangyou Printing Co., Ltd. was edited by Mr. Zhao Jiabi, with a volume of 10. Among them, Mr. Zhu Ziqing was invited to edit and select a new collection of poems. Among the 59 poets selected by "Da Xi", Liu Dabai has 1 1 poems. There are four more than Dai Wangshu, followed by Guo Moruo (25), Xu Zhimo (26), Bing Xin (18) and Wen Yiduo (29).
In the column of "Modern Poetry" in the volume "Encyclopedia of China China Literature" published by 1986, Liu Dabai is the oldest and the most accomplished of the new poets, so he ranks first in 26th place. He is well deserved.
Another literary achievement of Liu Dabai, which is no less than the writing of new poems, has been neglected, and that is his "History of China Literature". This literary history, published in the second year after his death (1933), is an unfinished masterpiece. More than 500 pages contain only one introduction, from ancient times to Shang Dynasty, from Zhou Dynasty to Qin Dynasty, from Han Dynasty, from Three Kingdoms to Sui Dynasty, from Tang Dynasty (and the planned five dynasties to Yuan Dynasty, which were not written from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty). His profound knowledge of Chinese studies was not influenced by political tendencies at that time. He has unique views on the origin, development and artistic advantages and disadvantages of various literary styles, and is also an early one in the history of China literature, which has a lot of inspiration for later writers of literary history.
He possessed a vast store of knowledge. When talking about the literature of a certain era, he can not only take the works of many writers as examples to show the style of that era, but also cite the evaluation of these works by ancient and modern scholars to explain the gains and losses, or analyze why there are such works from the reasons of the times and society. In particular, from the aspects of politics, religion, society, history, etc., he explained why poetry is so developed, while other styles are relatively backward, and described the poems with the greatest achievements and the earliest appearance in China literature, as well as the poems of the Tang Dynasty known as the "sea of poems", which made people read clearly. All these show his profound attainments in China literature. Unfortunately 1932 he died at the age of 52, otherwise his literary history would be more complete and exquisite!
Catalogue of works
Old dreams (poetry anthology) 1924, Business.
Kiss by mail (poetry anthology) 1926, Wu.
Old Poems and New Stories (Poetics) 1928, Wu.
White House Poetry (Poetics) 1929, Shanghai Dajiang Bookstore; 1958, writer
Wu Bai Wenhua (Paper) 1929, World.
Thoroughly remould oneself (poetry anthology) 1929, I understand.
Ding Ning (Poems) 1929, Wu.
Cloth selling ballads (poetry anthology) 1929, Wu.
Tears of Autumn (Poems) 1930, Wu.
White House Letters edited by Xu Weinan, 1932, Shanghai Daxia Bookstore.
History of China Literature 1933, Shanghai Dajiang Bookstore.
Introduction to philology 1933, Shanghai Dajiang Bookstore.
The jar of stories (prose) 1934, Shanghai Liming Bookstore.
White House Poetry (Old Poetry) 1935, Wu.
Comment on the Form and Law of China's Poetry (Theory) 1943, China United Publishing Company.
Notes on Poems by Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Liu Dabai and Yu Dafu, 1950, Shanghai Xiuzhou Publishing House.
Liu Dabai's Selected Poems (Poems) 1958, Humanities
Selected Works of Liu Dabai 1970, Taipei Hongye Bookstore.
Liu Dabai's Anthology 1977, Taipei Dahan Publishing House.
Selected Works of Liu Dabai 198 1, Hong Kong Literature Research Association.
Liu Dabai's Poems 1983, Bibliography.
Chronology of China in the Fiftieth Century 1929, Commerce.
Representative poems
Mail kiss
It's not that I can't tear it off with my fingers,
It's not that I can't cut with scissors, just slow down.
Liu Dabai's poems
gently
Carefully picked up the purple lips;
I know that in this letter,
Hide her secret kiss.
From her serious folding,
I put pink stationery,
It was very solemn at first.
I wrote to her very solemnly.
Word by word, line by line,
Line by line, word by word
I read it carefully.
I don't like that vague stamp,
I don't like that delicate pattern,
Just slowly
gently
Carefully uncover the green postal flowers;
I know that on the back of this stamp,
Hide her secret kiss.
On the river in autumn night
Birds return to their nests,
Tired as it is,
And come back with the sunset.
Flap your wings,
Throw the sunset on the river;
White-headed reed,
And dressed up as a beautiful woman. [2]
Sitting alone in the middle of the lake on an autumn night
Awaken by Qiu Guang,
Alone on the boat,
Sitting on the railing in the middle of the lake.
At midnight, countless cruise ships broke up.
There's still a month left,
I am in the middle of the lake.
At this moment,
Acacia,
This meaning is even more incomprehensible; ──
Except for the sparse stars,
A flash of some residual light,
A few fireflies.
Suddenly, the little one appeared,
With dew and smoke,
Fly in the front.
Touch the heart lake,
From the middle of the lake,
The wind is strong and there are waves.
As if whispering in his ear: "I am deeply worried.
You can't keep it from others.
Don't believe it,
As clear as the moon,
Seeing that you have her in your heart. 」
192 1
Portrait of the heart
From a whisper,
The short song left her lips,
Fly to my ear.
But my ears never stopped,
After all, it shook my heart.
From a glimpse,
The smile left her lower lip,
Fly to my eyes.
But the fundus never stopped,
After all, it flashed my mirror.
A portrait of the voice of a short song on the heartstrings,
Often repeated from the ear;
A photo, a smiling shadow in my mind,
It often reappears from sleep.
1922
Who is missing in my heart,
Grow red beans?
When I grind the beans into powder,
See if there's any lovesickness.
Who put the bright moon in the sky,
Twisted like a hook?
When I make a mirror,
See if we can get together forever.
Old poems and new stories
Liu Dabai's first book of poetry, Old Dreams, is rough in printing and binding, and full of mistakes. This book is arranged horizontally from left to right, with 40 long and narrow volumes and 500 pages bound into a thick volume, and the cover is gray. Liu Dabai is very dissatisfied. 1September, 929, Liu Dabai completely broke up the old dream, "went some, added some, moved some and changed some", reconsidered the combination, "made the torn old dream into the present-Ding Ning, re-created, tears of autumn, selling cloth rumors. Ming Kai Bookstore published these four new poems from September 1929 to June 1930 respectively. Around 1930, Liu Dabai published a variety of academic works: 1928 In May, Old Poems and New Stories, as one of the series of Dawn Society, was first published by Shanghai Mingkai Bookstore; 1July, 929, The White House Poems was first published by Shanghai Mingkai Bookstore; 1929 In August, White House Mandarin was first published by Shanghai World Bookstore. 1929 12, Chronology of China in the Fiftieth Century was first published by Shanghai Commercial Press. Written during this period, The History of China Literature, An Introduction to China's Philology, and A Detailed Explanation of China's Poetry Form Law were also published worldwide after his death.
Liu Dabai
There are sixty old poems and new stories, the first forty-five of which were written before 1926, which can be said to be a "cry" for the literary revolution. The author wants to "dig out lyric poems from ancient tombs" and advocate vernacular and unconventional based on historical vernacular poems. His writing is not only knowledgeable, knowledgeable, temperamental and talented, but also reveals the enthusiasm, fierceness and cheerfulness of the May 4th Movement. The next dozen articles are all about writing their own poems.
There is an article "Double Red Beans" in Old Poems and New Stories, which describes his friendship with Zhou Gangzhi, the leader of Jiangsu peasant movement. 1924 On New Year's Day, Zhou Gangzhi gave Liu Dabai a pair of red beans. A few days later, he said, "This thing is made in my hometown. An old tree, back from the dead; Only half of them are still alive. Sometimes it doesn't bear fruit, sometimes it only bears more than ten or more than a hundred. If you plant this kind of beans into another kind, it will be hard to live. Even if alive, it is not easy to grow; I hope there will be results, but I don't know how long it will take. Therefore, it is quite rare, it is really a baby. " Liu Dabai observed this object with purplish color and a shape similar to the atrium at close range, and lamented that the ancients regarded it as a symbol of acacia, probably for no reason. Liu Dabai, who is lovesick, wrote three red beans. There is a small preface before the word:1On New Year's Day in 924, Zhou Gangzhi of Jiangyin gave me a pair of red beans and said, "This thing is made in my hometown."
When the old poems and new stories were reprinted in June, 1929, five more articles were added. Among them, "Red Bean Tears" was written by Liu Dabai after learning of the murder of his old friend Zhou Gang: "The book is full of words and leaves are a cluster, comforting me." Regarding emptiness and endless hatred, don't swallow tears when you die. Tears are as red as red beans. "In the preface, Zhou Gangzhi said," Because he advocated farmers' cooperation, he was rewarded with red charges and was killed! "I know that Zhou Jun's heart is red, Zhou Jun's blood is red, and the red beans that Zhou Jun gave me are also red: Besides, what is red? ..... But the Jiangsu Provincial Councillor made him red, the Jiangyin County Order made him red, and the Commander-in-Chief of the Five-Power Allied Forces made him red. How can he not be popular? So three knives were cut, and red blood was flying. Zhou Jun was really red. " Tears, like red beans, express the poet's sad feelings of endless resentment in the air. The emotion between the lines is warm, and it seems that the poet's voice can be heard.
Wenquan Qing, a book friend of Xi 'an, gave me a new book of old poems in Taiwan dialect, which was published by Solemn Publishing House in March 198 1. It is the fifth issue of Classical New Magazine published by publishing house, and its publishing purpose is printed on the back cover: "The purpose of establishing Classical New Magazine is to reinterpret China's classical works, including philosophy, history, literature and art, etc. With simple and vivid vernacular and through the eyes of modern academic research, let the people know the great efforts of our ancestors, immerse themselves in the vast sea of books, and get China.
This book is prefaced by Jiang Menglin. Jiang Menglin is an old colleague and friend of Liu Dabai. They met on 19 17. At that time, Liu Dabai was the secretary of Zhejiang Provincial Assembly. 1928, Jiang Menglin works in Zhejiang Education Department. He found Liu Dabai, who was teaching at Fudan University, and wanted Liu Dabai to be his secretary. He said to Liu Dabai, "Dabai, some people are afraid to ask you, while others are. Are you coming or not? " Liu Dabai said, "Come." He became Chiang's secretary, and later Jiang Menglin was promoted to Minister of Education, and Liu Dabai was also appointed as the second minister.
Jiang Menglin's preface was written in 1957, indicating that the Taiwan Province provincial edition of Old Poems and New Stories was first published in 1957. There are 60 poems in this book, and the article "Tears are like red beans" has been deleted. Because Zhou Gangzhi was killed by the Kuomintang authorities, it is impossible for the publications in Taiwan Province Province to include such articles exposing his scars. Although there are also 60 articles, they are not completely arranged according to the first edition, because the first edition was published in May of 1928, and the old poems and new stories in Taiwan Province Province included the articles in September of 1928. Taiwan Province Provincial Edition of Old Poems and New Stories is based on Liu Dabai's White House Poems, Old Poems and New Stories and White House Poems.
Liu Dabai is one of the main leaders who advocate the new culture movement. As a juren in Qing Dynasty, he had a deep understanding of the old school, but his opposition to traditional culture was particularly fierce. He, Hu Shi and others spared no effort to advocate vernacular Chinese, devoted themselves to the creation of new vernacular poems, and made great contributions to the development of the New Culture Movement. Liu Dabai