Investigation report on left-behind children 1 1. Basic information of the respondents
Zhuzhai Village is a special rural area with relatively backward economy and convenient transportation (there is a main road connecting the urban area and the village), and its main source of income is going out to work and planting. There are about 1 000 people in this village, of whom 50% are migrant workers and 57% are left-behind children. Farmers have little land (about 7 points per capita), and more and more migrant workers give up farming and choose to go out to make a living, so it is very common for local left-behind children.
The purpose of this survey is to investigate the living conditions of left-behind children from the perspective of their family education, that is, to reflect the education, life and psychological conditions of left-behind children in this area through their family education. On the basis of investigation, this paper analyzes the family education needs of left-behind children, and puts forward reasonable suggestions to solve the family education problems of left-behind children, in order to make contributions to the future development and construction of our country.
Second, the causes of the problem of "left-behind children"
1, the transfer of rural surplus labor force and the dual education system in urban and rural areas are the root causes of the problem of "left-behind children"
The root of the problem of "left-behind children" in rural areas lies in the deep-seated contradictions brought about by the management of urban-rural dual structure. With the rapid development of industry and tertiary industry, a large number of rural surplus labor force has been transferred to cities and towns. Contradicting with the national policy of encouraging the transfer of rural surplus labor force, China has long implemented a household registration system and a compulsory education system that separates urban and rural areas. Although migrant workers work, live and live in cities, they enjoy completely unequal treatment with urban residents. Therefore, this will directly lead migrant farmers to leave their children in the countryside and be taken care of by the elderly.
2, family education, the most important thing is emotion. The long-term separation between parents and children leads to communication barriers between the two sides. This is the direct cause of the problem of "left-behind children".
Many "left-behind children" were forced to be separated from their parents at an early age and could not establish a harmonious parent-child relationship with their parents in the early stage. In the process of living with grandparents or other relatives for a long time, their needs and emotions are often unable to get feedback from relatives, which will inevitably have a negative impact on the development of their prosocial behavior and easily lead to many psychological problems. However, some parents feel guilty about their children because they have been working outside for a long time, and often compensate for their spiritual care through a lot of material satisfaction such as money and things. However, these children lack effective guidance and supervision in spending money, which easily leads them to have wrong values and go astray.
Third, the main problems in the growth of "left-behind children"
We found that the left-behind children in the survey generally have three basic characteristics: first, there is no one to look after them and they lack supervision; Second, the family is incomplete and lacks family education; The third is to stay away from parents and lack care.
1. Life: Compared with other children, they lack the care of their parents and are easily affected by nutritional status and physical health. Especially in the young stage, it is more important to raise and protect children. If you can't live with your parents, there will be more problems. At present, most left-behind children are taken care of by their relatives or elderly people of different generations, and some left-behind children even have no guardians in fact.
Second, psychological problems: due to the lack of affection, emotion and psychological care, many children lack the object to talk to and seek help, and rarely contact with the outside world. We found in the investigation that these children really want to be with their families, which is their greatest wish. Because they can't live with their parents, over time, some children have a sense of estrangement and strangeness towards their families, and their inner isolation, emotional indifference and even withdrawn behavior also exist to varying degrees, which is prone to personality defects and psychological obstacles.
3. Education: We learned during the visit that because parents go out to work, housework and even some farm work fall on left-behind children, which can not guarantee their study time and their academic performance has declined. The temporary guardian's supervision and help to children's study is not enough and the method is improper. Some guardians even let these children go with the flow, eventually making these children tired of learning and abandoning school. The primary school enrollment rate of rural left-behind children is relatively high, but the junior high school shows a downward trend. More children think that they just want to finish junior high school.
Fourth, moral issues: in the process of children's growth, parents' words and deeds have an important guiding role, which often affects children's life. Many children's behavior habits and moral qualities are formed in the family. Because we can't be with our parents and lack timely guidance and help, some wrong behaviors and practices can't be corrected in time, and it's easy to develop some bad habits and moral conduct. The proportion of left-behind children in this area is 57%, which is a great hidden danger.
Fourth, suggestions to solve the education problems of left-behind children.
1, family
Strengthen parent-child communication, spend as much time with children as possible, and create a good living environment for children, which not only meets children's material needs, but more importantly cultivates children's scientific living habits, correct outlook on life and values; Don't pay attention to children's academic performance unilaterally, but also pay attention to the cultivation of children's comprehensive ability and quality. In view of the serious problem of single-parent guardianship and intergenerational guardianship of left-behind children in rural areas, parents should be publicized with correct educational concepts, and parents' schools should adapt to the development of the situation, set up temporary guardian training classes and strengthen family education guidance.
2. school.
(1) Establish and improve the files of left-behind children.
Inform guardians and floating parents of their growth in time, forming a situation of joint education between schools and families. Teachers should assume part of the responsibilities of parents or guardians, communicate with left-behind children, improve intimacy and trust, and give more care and positive guidance.
(2) Facilitate communication with left-behind children.
A family hotline can be set up to provide convenience for parents who go out to work to communicate with their children, and it is best to establish closed education to weigh the advantages and disadvantages.
3. Social aspects
Purify the social environment and strengthen the supervision of the surrounding environment of the school, especially the internet cafes, game halls and video halls. These bad social environments are very attractive to children with poor self-control and easy to go astray.
In a word, the problem of left-behind children is a comprehensive problem, involving not only education, but also psychology, society, law and economy. If these problems cannot be solved in time, it will not only affect the growth of children, but also affect whether parents can work safely outside, further affecting the hidden dangers of social security and stability. Therefore, the fundamental way out for the education and growth of left-behind children in rural areas is that the whole society can realize the seriousness and importance of this problem, so that everyone can care for, help and support left-behind children spontaneously and consciously, improve the education level in rural areas, create a good social environment for the healthy growth of left-behind children, and make the flowers of the motherland full of vitality and look forward to the day when they bloom.
Investigation report on left-behind children 2 With the increase in the number of rural parents leaving their hometown to work and do business in cities, many left-behind children have been left behind, which has caused many social problems. During the summer vacation, I visited some families and got a good understanding of left-behind children in rural areas! Combined with this survey, the following suggestions are put forward on the present situation, causes and countermeasures of the problem of "left-behind children" in rural areas.
I. Basic overview
Life in this place is hard, the natural environment is bad and the people's living standard is not high. In order to change this phenomenon, with the development of social economy, many young people go out to work in developed coastal areas. Among these young people who go out to work, a large part of them are "old and young" types! Young people go out to work and leave their children to their parents and relatives! This is the source of most left-behind children!
Second, the main problems and causes of left-behind children in rural areas
In the investigation, it was found that these children stayed at home with grandparents, grandparents or other relatives and friends as temporary guardians because their parents had been working outside for many years, and they took care of everything for their children. Of course, there is also a phenomenon that no one is in charge at home.
Therefore, children in this group usually have the following outstanding problems:
1, students' grades are poor. However, according to the survey, among the left-behind children in rural areas, their interest in learning in primary school is still relatively strong, and their academic performance and school performance are still good, and many of them are excellent. But in junior high school, the situation has changed, and left-behind children rarely perform well. According to the survey, among the left-behind children in junior high schools, less than 10% have excellent academic performance and less than 30% are good, while nearly 30% have poor study and living habits and behavior problems. Among all the "problem children", left-behind children account for 80%.
2. The lack of affection is serious and the psychological development is incomplete. Left-behind children in rural areas can't talk to their relatives because their parents are away for a long time, and their parents can't guide and encourage them correctly during their growth, so they can't enjoy normal family care. Seriously affect the healthy psychological growth of left-behind children. In the investigation, we found that most left-behind children rarely see their parents and lack communication. Among them, 53% see their parents once every six months, 44% once a year and 3% once every two years. There is another child whose parents have been away for six years and have never come home.
Father's love for mother is abnormal, and children's ambition is vague. Parents who go out to work often feel guilty because they have left their children for a long time. In addition, working outside makes them richer and has a strong ability to pay for their children's living. Therefore, they often give material compensation to their children to show their full love for them. They can get what they want very easily, without hesitation or discount. This way of love has gradually formed children's values of "money is everything" and their outlook on life of "carefree enjoyment" in their psychological aspects.
4. Lack of family education and serious deviance. The survey found that due to the lack of effective supervision by parents, the living habits and behavior habits of left-behind children in rural areas are poor. At home, they do not pay attention to personal hygiene. They don't wash their faces or rinse their mouths when they eat in the morning, and they don't wash their feet or bathe when they get into the quilt at night. At school, they have no plans, no interest in learning, and are seriously in arrears or do not hand in their homework. They don't abide by the rules and regulations of the school, and they are free and loose. Late arrival and early departure and truancy often occur. In society, they lack common sense of being polite to others. Some of them smoke, gamble, fight and drink. Many people are addicted to internet cafes, and some even have sex. Minors lack sufficient judgment and resistance to various complex and unhealthy phenomena in society before their physical and mental development is complete, and need correct guidance and education, which left-behind families generally cannot give, thus leading to crimes and deviant behaviors of left-behind children.
The main reasons for the problem of left-behind children are:
1, the guardian's own factors are lacking. First, the sense of responsibility is not strong. In the eyes of guardians other than parents, they think that children should not be too strict with their parents and should love them more. Otherwise, you will have a distorted psychology and feel that it is not your parents who don't know how to love themselves. Second, the responsibility of guardianship is not clear. Guardians often consider problems from the perspective of physical health, paying more attention to eating and wearing, rather than learning and upbringing; Pay attention to physical health and ignore mental health and all-round development; Care about children's performance at school and at home; Neglect the development of children's good behavior habits. Third, the guardian energy can't keep up. Because guardians are mostly elderly people, and some even have to supervise several left-behind children at the same time, it is not enough to pay attention to each left-behind child. In addition, they are in poor physical condition and need to be taken care of, so the education of left-behind children can only be beyond their power. Fourth, the quality of guardians is low. They don't know how to take care of their children psychologically, how to educate their children from the aspects of law, safety and health knowledge, and how to help and guide their children in their studies, so that the education of left-behind children has fundamentally lost its focus.
2. Rural economic and social development lags behind. At present, on the one hand, the whole social economy is developing rapidly, on the other hand, the economic and social development in rural areas is relatively backward, especially in remote mountain villages. Therefore, farmers have to find ways to improve the family's economic living conditions and let their children get rid of this dilemma that can't be got rid of for generations. When the most basic life problems can't be solved, they can only choose to work in the city to earn money to support their families, so that their children can grow up in an incomplete family and grow up in the change of mobility-staying behind-mobility. Therefore, we believe that the backwardness of rural economic and social development is the most fundamental reason for the problems of those left-behind children.
4. Complex social factors are hard to blame. Due to the incompleteness of family life, left-behind children set foot in all aspects of society prematurely, but because they are naive and young, they can't correctly handle the complicated social information and conditions from all aspects of society and can't distinguish right from wrong. For example, smoking and drinking are cool, fancy clothes are cool, brothers are heroes who draw swords to help each other, and it is necessary to love their wives and husbands.
Third, thinking and suggestions.
At present, the problem of left-behind children in rural areas is not only a family problem of migrant workers or a problem of left-behind children themselves, but also a comprehensive problem that cannot be ignored by the whole society. If we don't pay attention to it and solve it in time, both family and society will pay a heavy price for it. Therefore, we put forward our suggestions from both short-term and long-term aspects.
In view of the objective reality of left-behind children, we suggest taking the following measures to solve the problem of left-behind children in the near future:
1. Establish and improve the working mechanism for left-behind children.
2. Improve and implement relevant laws and policies to ensure that the children of migrant workers enjoy the same right to education.
3. Cultivate and support rural left-behind children service institutions based on non-governmental organizations.
4. Strive to optimize the social environment for children's growth. Since the reform and opening up, China's social economy has achieved rapid development.
We must accelerate the process of building new countryside in an all-round way. Developing rural economy and improving the quality of rural population is the fundamental way to solve the problem of left-behind children in rural areas. It is to build a comprehensive and harmonious new countryside and finally achieve the goal of fundamentally solving the major social problem of left-behind children in rural areas.