Article 1 Students' knowledge education on earthquake prevention and safety.
1. earthquake prevention 1. The most effective way to avoid earthquake disasters is to rely on yourself and prepare for disaster prevention with your own strength. The average family has food and drinking water, and it is better to keep an average of 5 days for each person. In addition, prepare some disaster prevention supplies, such as disaster prevention headscarves, flashlights, first-aid medicines, candles, transistor radios, etc. And some escape appliances, such as blankets, portable cookers, solid fuels, etc.
Because houses are not plentiful, people always make full use of sheds, shelves, shelves and other spaces. However, due to the vibration of the earthquake, the heavy objects placed on the shelf are easy to fall off. So usually think more about the placement of things.
It is difficult for people to adapt to the darkness, which not only makes them invisible, but also increases their psychological pressure. It is not surprising that the earthquake caused power failure. Even in your own room, it is difficult to tell the difference between east and west, north and south in the dark, so you won't have much fear when you carry a flashlight with you.
After the earthquake, the TV was cut off, the telephone was blocked, the newspaper stopped publishing, and the information source was completely cut off. At this time, only small radios can get a steady stream of important information in order to better cope with the changing situation.
After the earthquake subsided, the first thing that puzzled me was drinking water. On this occasion, it is common for waterways to be cut off from water. There are few wells in the city, so we should prepare some emergency drinking water before going to bed every night without knowing when the earthquake will happen.
Considering the chaos after the earthquake, it is necessary to prepare three months' cash expenditure. Because after the earthquake, banks, post offices and other places often can not get money.
7. People always like to hide first-aid appliances in a corner or an inconspicuous place. However, these things are indispensable in the earthquake. So usually put them in a fixed and easy-to-get place.
8. Wearing high heels is harmful to taking refuge in an earthquake. Wear or store fast and durable flat-heeled cotton shoes or sports shoes at ordinary times. Slippers and sandals are not suitable, and high heels are absolutely not acceptable.
Second, the earthquake escape
1. The earthquake came suddenly and people were caught off guard. If you are in the house when the earthquake starts, don't try to rush out of the house, it will probably kill you. The expedient is to hide under a solid bed or table. If you don't have solid furniture, you should stand at the door. The door frame has some protection. Stay away from the window, because the window glass may break.
If you are outdoors, don't go near buildings, trees, telephone poles or any other tall buildings that may collapse. Try to stay away from tall buildings and run to empty places. In order to avoid losing your balance in the earthquake, you should lie on the ground. If there is no open space nearby, shelter from the rain at the door for the time being.
3. Don't hide in the kiln, tunnel or underground passage, because the rubble generated by the earthquake will fill or block the exit. Unless they are very strong, things like tunnels will collapse themselves.
During the earthquake, the wooden house tends to tilt and the door can't be opened. At this time, you will lose your life. Therefore, whether you can go out or not, it is wise to open the door first.
In the event of a big earthquake, things and books on the bookshelf may fall down. At this time, protecting the head is extremely important. In case of emergency, you can cover your head with cotton pads, blankets, pillows and other things around you to avoid injury.
6. Even if there is an earthquake in midsummer, it is indecent to escape indoors. The naked body is easily injured by sparks, glass and metal fragments flying around. Therefore, when going out for refuge, you should try to wear thick cotton-padded clothes and cotton shoes and socks to avoid wearing chemical fiber products that are easy to catch fire.
7. If you encounter an earthquake in the hospital, getting under the bed is the correct strategy. This can prevent objects from falling from the skylight or overhead and being injured.
8. Don't run on the road during the earthquake. At this time, everywhere you go are flying signs, doors and windows. So at this time, you can wear a helmet or something in a dangerous situation.
9. During an earthquake, the bridge will also collapse and fall into the river. It is very dangerous to stop on the bridge or hide under it at this time. Therefore, if you encounter an earthquake on the bridge, you should leave the bridge quickly.
10, big earthquakes sometimes happen at the bottom of the sea, and then there will be a tsunami. The waves will rise sharply, and ships near the shore are very dangerous. At this time, it is safe to leave the beach quickly and stay away from the high seas.
1 1. When there is an earthquake in a public place, people inside will be crowded with panic. This is because frightened people can't find an escape. What is needed at this time is to be calm, calm down and find the exit, and don't run around.
Third, prevent earthquake secondary disasters.
Attention should be paid to prevent earthquake secondary disasters. The so-called earthquake secondary disasters mainly refer to floods, fires and the spread of toxic gases caused by earthquakes. Many experiences show that the losses caused by secondary disasters are often much greater than the earthquake itself. How to prevent secondary hazards?
1, inflammable and explosive drugs in industrial and mining enterprises should be closely monitored. In the event of an earthquake, rescue should be organized immediately once drugs or flammable gases spill.
2. For large reservoirs and dams. Do a good job of seismic inspection in advance and reinforce in time when problems are found. When an earthquake occurs, residents downstream of the reservoir should pay close attention to the safety of the dam. In case of danger, in addition to organizing rescue, they should also move to a safe place quickly.
Chapter II Students' Knowledge of Earthquake Safety Education
Shockproof tip 1. Earthquake knowledge
Earthquakes are natural phenomena, and humans can't stop them at present. However, we can take effective measures to reduce earthquake disasters.
Because the earth is constantly moving, it gradually accumulates huge energy, which causes the rock strata in some fragile areas of the earth's crust to suddenly rupture or dislocation. This is an earthquake.
Earthquake precursors refer to abnormal phenomena before the earthquake, such as seismic activity, obvious changes in the surface, geophysical anomalies such as geomagnetism, geoelectricity and gravity, groundwater level, hydrochemistry and abnormal animal behavior.
Earthquake intensity is the degree of earthquake damage to the ground, buildings and structures at different distances from the epicenter. China divides the earthquake intensity into 12 degrees. Earthquake intensity and earthquake magnitude are two concepts, for example, Tangshan earthquake is 7.8, Tangshan earthquake intensity is 1 1 degree, Tianjin urban intensity is 8 degrees, and Shijiazhuang intensity is 5 degrees.
3 degrees, a few people can feel it.
4-5 degrees, the sleeping person wakes up and the chandelier swings.
At 6 degrees, the utensils were dumped and the house was slightly damaged.
7-8 degrees, house damage, ground cracks.
9- 10 degrees, bridges and dams were damaged, houses collapsed and the ground was seriously damaged.
11-12 degrees, devastating.
2. Emergency actions in case of earthquake.
A felt earthquake refers to an earthquake with low earthquake level, obvious earthquake sensation and no damage or major damage.
Emergency point
After the earthquake, indoor personnel should quickly take refuge separately according to the pre-selected safer indoor shock absorption points without knowing the instantaneous intensity of the earthquake.
Evacuate to the outside quickly after the earthquake, pay attention to the relevant news broadcast by TV stations and radio stations, and make preparations for earthquake prevention.
Understand the earthquake situation, do not listen to and spread rumors, and ensure social stability.
3. Emergency actions in case of destructive earthquake.
Destructive earthquake refers to an earthquake with a large earthquake level, causing certain casualties and building damage or causing heavy casualties and building damage.
Emergency point
When residents living in bungalows encounter a major earthquake, if they are outdoors, they should quickly run outdoors to avoid high-rise buildings and overpasses and stay away from high-voltage lines, chemical and gas plants or facilities; When you don't have time to run, you can hide under the table, under the bed, next to solid furniture, and cover your nose and mouth with towels or clothes to prevent dust and smoke.
Residents living in buildings should choose small spaces such as kitchens and bathrooms for shock absorption; You can also hide in interior walls, corners, solid furniture and other places where triangular space is easy to form; Stay away from external walls, doors and windows, balconies; Don't use the elevator, let alone jump off a building.
Turn off the power and fire source as soon as possible.
When attending classes in the classroom, working in the workplace, or doing activities in public places, you should quickly wrap your head and close your eyes and hide under the podium, desk, workbench and office furniture.
When doing outdoor activities, you should try to avoid foothills and steep cliffs to prevent rolling stones and landslides; In case of landslide, run away in the direction of rolling stones.
When playing at the seaside, stay away from the sea quickly to prevent the earthquake from causing a tsunami.
When driving, you should quickly avoid overpasses, cliffs, telephone poles, etc. And choose an open place as soon as possible to stop immediately.
When the body is injured by an earthquake, try to remove the objects pressed on it, and cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel as much as possible to prevent dust and smoke; Knock objects with stones or iron to contact the outside world, don't shout for help, and pay attention to saving physical strength; Try to support the unstable heavy objects with bricks and stones to protect your living space.
Don't panic when there is an earthquake.
Most of the earthquakes we feel are strong and strong, and a few earthquakes can cause minor damage or serious damage. Therefore, when encountering an earthquake, don't panic, be calm and take correct actions quickly. Especially in high-rise buildings and crowded places, it is most realistic to avoid on the spot. There was an earthquake in our country, which did not cause any loss, but panicked people crowded together and trampled on each other, causing serious injuries and even death.
In the epicenter area, from the earthquake to the collapse of the house, you can quickly hide under the table, under the bed, next to the wall and solid furniture, lie on the ground, close your eyes, breathe through your nose, protect the key points, cover your nose and mouth with towels or clothes to block the choking dust. When you are using fire, you should turn off the gas switch or electrical switch, and then quickly avoid it.
In the building, you should quickly stay away from the external wall and its doors and windows. You can choose kitchen, bathroom, toilet, stairs and other narrow and difficult-to-collapse spaces for shock absorption. Don't run away or jump from the upstairs, and don't use the elevator.
Avoid outdoor high-rise buildings and stay away from high-voltage lines and toxic factories or facilities such as petrochemical, chemical and gas. When crossing the bridge, you should firmly grasp the bridge railing, move to the bridge head after the main earthquake, and the moving vehicles should brake urgently.
In the workshop, the power switch and door switch should be turned off quickly, and then machines, equipment, office furniture or pre-set "safety islands" should be selected nearby to prevent secondary disasters.
People in stations, theaters, classrooms, shops, waiting rooms, subways and other public places. , should avoid disorderly escape, keep calm, on-site choose chairs, cabinets and other objects to avoid, to be determined, and then listen to the command, orderly evacuation.
Article 3 Students' knowledge of earthquake safety education
Earthquakes are caused by the constant movement of materials in the earth, which will generate huge energy to act on rock formations. When this energy is accumulated to a certain extent, some rock strata will bend and deform, and then break and move violently in some fragile areas, releasing huge energy instantly. These energies spread in all directions in the form of seismic waves, and earthquakes occur.
Ways to avoid danger in an earthquake
It usually takes only ten seconds from the earthquake to the collapse of the house. This requires us to make the right choice calmly in an instant. People often stand unsteadily when a strong earthquake occurs. If you can't escape for a while, find a relatively safe place nearby to squat or get down. At the same time, try to find a pillow, cushion, schoolbag, washbasin or thick book to protect your head and neck, and evacuate to the outdoor open area quickly after the earthquake.
1. In residence (building, bungalow): To stay away from external walls, doors and windows, you can choose kitchen, bathroom and other places where rooms are small and difficult to collapse. The specific hiding place can be next to the table or bed, next to solid furniture, or near the wall. Never jump off a building!
2. Classroom: Students protect their heads with schoolbags and hide in front of desks. After the earthquake, the teacher instructed them to leave the classroom in an orderly manner.
3. In the workshop: Turn off the power supply and air supply quickly and hide near solid machines, equipment or office furniture.
4. In shopping malls, exhibition halls, subways and other public places: hide under solid pillars or corners, and avoid dangerous things such as glass windows, advertising light boxes, tall shelves and large chandeliers. After the earthquake, follow the instructions of the staff and evacuate in an orderly manner.
5. In gymnasiums and theaters: protect your head and squat down beside the row of chairs.
6. In the vehicle: the driver should immediately drive away from dangerous areas such as overpasses, high-rise buildings and steep cliffs, and stop on the open road for shock absorption; Passengers should not jump out of the car, and then get off and evacuate after the earthquake.
7. In an open place: try to avoid crowded people, and the family should get together to take care of the elderly and children to avoid getting lost.
8. Special reminder: during an earthquake, many things that are used to it may become deadly "killers" and must be highly guarded. Stay away from tall buildings, chimneys, tall and old trees, etc. , especially the glass curtain wall building. Avoid high-altitude hazards such as transformers, telephone poles, street lamps, high-voltage lines and billboards. Avoid dangerous buildings, dangerous walls, narrow alleys, houses with high doors and high parapets, and high piles of building materials that are easy to collapse. Don't use the elevator.