Abstract: The construction of ecological civilization in China is in the primary stage. At present, we should take environmental protection as the main body of ecological civilization construction, take the construction of ecological civilization demonstration zone as the starting point, focus on developing green economy, improve the system and mechanism, do a good job in energy conservation and emission reduction, solve outstanding environmental problems and restore the vitality of important ecosystems. On the basis of the pilot project of ecological civilization construction, we should establish and improve the index system of ecological civilization construction with guidance, operability, comparability, dynamics and innovation as soon as possible.
Keywords: ecological civilization; Architecture; Index system
First, the connotation of ecological civilization
What does ecological civilization mean? A cultural and ethical form with the basic purpose of harmonious coexistence, all-round development and sustained prosperity between man and nature, man and society, and man and man? . It is the sum total of material, spiritual and institutional achievements made by human beings in the process of labor following the law of harmonious development of man, nature and society. In other words, ecological civilization is a form of human civilization. Historically, human civilization has experienced three types: primitive civilization, agricultural civilization and industrial civilization. Ecological civilization is a new stage in the development of human civilization. The construction of ecological civilization is not to deny industrial civilization, but to emphasize that advanced industrial civilization must realize the harmony between man and nature, so that people can enjoy the achievements of modern material civilization while maintaining and enjoying the good achievements of ecological civilization.
Ecological civilization takes respecting and maintaining the ecological environment as its main purpose, based on sustainable development, and focusing on the sustainable development of mankind in the future. The rise of ecological civilization is a major change in human values, production methods and lifestyles. Industrial civilization has created enormous productivity, and also brought great survival and development crisis to human development. Choosing the road of ecological civilization is an inevitable trend of human historical development and an irreversible trend of the times, which has become an inevitable choice of China's development strategy in the 2 1 century.
Second, the analysis of the current situation of China's ecological civilization construction
The construction of ecological civilization in China is in the primary stage. Since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, China has gradually formulated basic national policies such as family planning and environmental protection, implemented the strategy of developing the western region and sustainable development, promoted the harmonious development between man and nature, and proposed to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society and carry out the construction of ecological civilization. After years of unremitting efforts, China's rapid population growth has been effectively controlled, resource protection and development management have been continuously strengthened, energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection have been solidly promoted, and new achievements have been made in ecological civilization construction.
In terms of ecological environment construction and protection, efforts have been made to solve outstanding environmental problems related to people's livelihood, a series of major ecological construction projects have made breakthrough progress, rural environmental protection work has been extensively carried out, environmental protection capacity building has been further strengthened, environmental protection policies and regulations have been continuously improved, environmental assessment, environmental monitoring and law enforcement supervision have been strengthened, environmental protection publicity and education and international cooperation have been actively promoted, and public environmental awareness has been continuously improved.
In terms of industrial production, we will persist in energy conservation and emission reduction, vigorously adjust the economic structure, promote clean production, actively promote the development of circular economy, support key energy-saving projects, strengthen industrial environmental protection law enforcement, implement measures to meet the emission standards within a time limit, and forcibly eliminate backward processes and production devices with serious pollution.
In terms of energy development and water resources protection and utilization, a series of energy-saving laws, regulations and technical and economic policies have been formulated and implemented, a comprehensive management system for sustainable utilization of water resources and water pollution control has been established and improved, the project of benefiting people with energy-saving products has been launched, the target responsibility for energy conservation and emission reduction has been strengthened, the supervision and inspection of energy conservation and emission reduction have been strengthened, and the national energy conservation and emission reduction action has been carried out in depth.
However, what needs our attention more is that China will face some major challenges in the initial stage of ecological civilization construction and beyond. Although China has a vast territory and abundant resources, the population pressure is huge, and the scientific and cultural quality, physical health quality and moral quality of the population need to be improved urgently. The rapid development of national economy has increased the demand for resources and energy, and the shortage of resources and energy is prominent; The environmental pollution situation is grim, the ecological environment is further deteriorated, and the ecological security is seriously threatened. These problems lead to all kinds of natural assets losses and natural disasters, and the direct economic losses of people's lives and property and state property are increasing day by day, which restricts the development of the national economy.
Third, the policy analysis of ecological civilization construction
Ecological civilization is both an ideal realm and a realistic goal. How to build an ecological civilization in Socialism with Chinese characteristics? Building ecological civilization and coordinating the harmonious development between man and nature need to penetrate into many aspects such as material, system and thought. Under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, we should take resource conservation as the basic national policy, vigorously develop circular economy and low-carbon economy, strengthen environmental protection, effectively protect natural ecology, accelerate the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, promote the coordination of economic development with population, resources and environment, take a new road to industrialization, and adhere to conservation-oriented development and clean development.
Firmly establish the concept of ecological civilization. Strengthening resource conservation and environmental protection are two strategic tasks that China must focus on in building ecological civilization at this stage. This is a huge systematic project, which concerns the well-being and fundamental interests of the people, the rejuvenation of the nation and the long-term development of the country. It is necessary to vigorously advocate the concept of ecological civilization in the whole party and society, so that it can be widely rooted in the hearts of the people and become the consensus and action of the whole party and society. Party and government organs at all levels, enterprises and institutions, non-governmental organizations and every family and individual have the responsibility and obligation to care for and actively participate in this cause.
The construction of ecological civilization should be guaranteed by the legal system. In the process of ecological civilization construction, it is not enough to rely solely on moral constraints, but must be guaranteed by a sound legal system. China has formulated a series of environmental protection laws and regulations, but there are still some important legislative gaps, some environmental management systems are not suitable for the needs, some environmental management systems lack legal basis, environmental laws are lagging behind, there is a lack of environmental laws that specifically restrict government behavior, local protection interferes with normal law enforcement, environmental civil compensation has no legal basis, and vulnerable groups cannot obtain necessary compensation after environmental damage. Therefore, in view of the existing problems, it is an urgent task to strengthen environmental strategy and policy research, improve environmental legislation, improve the quality of legislation, strengthen law enforcement and strengthen law enforcement supervision.
Constructing the evaluation index system of ecological civilization construction is an exploratory subject, and there are many technical and practical difficulties in system definition and index selection. The formation of the existing index system mainly considers the systematic requirements and the availability of index data. Therefore, with the deepening of the research, it will be the next task to revise the existing index system and further improve the operability of some indicators in order to truly evaluate the progress of ecological civilization construction objectively, accurately and scientifically.
The Party's report points out that ecological civilization construction should be placed in a prominent position, integrated into all aspects and the whole process of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction, and efforts should be made to build a beautiful China and realize the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. ?
References:
[1] Zhou Shengxian. Theoretical Innovation and Practice of Ecological Civilization Construction with China Characteristics [J]. Qiushi, 20 12, 10.
[2] Chen Hongbo Pan Jiahua. Progress in theory and practice of ecological civilization construction in China [J]. Journal of China Geo University, 2012,09
[3] The road is smooth. Problems and Countermeasures of Ecological Civilization Construction in China [J]. Hubei Provincial Party School, 20 10 Ecological Civilization, which means? A cultural and ethical form with the basic purpose of harmonious coexistence, all-round development and sustained prosperity between man and nature, man and society, and man and man? . The following is a paper on the situation and policies related to the construction of ecological civilization that I recommend to you. I hope you like it!
Situation and policy of ecological civilization construction.
Ecological Civilization Construction and Sustainable Development
The construction of ecological civilization in China has a strong theoretical foundation, which is an internal need to solve many problems in the process of rapid economic growth in China and realize sustainable economic and social development. It is urgent to build ecological civilization to implement the strategy of sustainable development. The construction of ecological civilization can accelerate the pace of sustainable development, help to penetrate the ecological concept into all aspects of economic and social development and management, and promote the interdependence, mutual promotion and harmonious coexistence between man and the natural environment. So as to realize the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of man, man and society, man and ecology.
Keywords: ecological civilization, environmental protection, sustainable development
China Library Classification Number: F062.2
First, the proposal and connotation of ecological civilization:
In recent years, the contradiction between population, ecological environment, natural resources and economic and social development in China has become increasingly prominent, and problems such as environmental pollution, ecological destruction and lack of resources have been presented to people. These problems are not only related to its historical inevitability, but also to the fact that human beings only pursue development in social construction, ignoring ecological balance and the harmonious development between man and nature.
The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the construction of ecological civilization for the first time as a new requirement to realize the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, which is an inevitable requirement of sustainable economic and social development and the sublimation of Scientific Outlook on Development and the concept of sustainable development. The Fourth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China further promoted the construction of ecological civilization to a strategic height alongside economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction. As an integral part of the overall layout of the great cause of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics, this indicates that the construction of ecological civilization plays a more prominent role in the overall situation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Ecological civilization is a form of human civilization, based on respecting and maintaining nature, aiming at the harmonious coexistence between people, people and nature, and people and society, and taking the establishment of sustainable production and development modes as its connotation. It refers to the sum of material and spiritual achievements made by human beings following the objective law of harmonious development between man and nature and society. Ecological civilization is a civilization system including material civilization, political civilization, spiritual civilization and environmental civilization. It requires the coordinated development between man and nature, and emphasizes that in economic development, while developing and utilizing nature, we should respect and protect nature from the overall interests of society, economy and natural system, actively save energy and resources, protect the ecological environment as much as possible, and combine the strength and speed of development with the efficiency of resource utilization, so that modern economic and social development can be based on the virtuous cycle of ecological system and realize the harmonious coexistence between people, people and nature, and people and society.
Second, the pressures and challenges faced by the construction of ecological civilization:
(A) the shortage of resources and energy, low utilization efficiency
In terms of resources and energy, China's total energy reserves are in the forefront of the world, but its per capita energy is far behind the developed countries and far below the world average. China's per capita arable land, fresh water and forests only account for 32%, 27.4% and 12.8% of the world average, while coal, oil and natural gas only account for 69%, 6.2% and 6.7% of the world average. In the past 30 years of reform and opening-up, China's economy has grown rapidly and its energy efficiency has been greatly improved. However, at present, China's energy efficiency is still lower than the world average, which is far from the developed countries in the world. In 20 12, the primary energy consumption of China was 3.62 billion tons of standard coal, which consumed 20% of the world's energy. The energy consumption per unit GDP is 2.5 times the world average, 3.3 times that of the United States and 7 times that of Japan, which is higher than that of developing countries such as Brazil and Mexico. The proportion of clean energy such as hydropower, nuclear power and wind power in China's total primary energy consumption is far below the international average. At present, China's economic growth mainly depends on the investment and expansion of fixed assets. Power, steel, cement and other heavy industries have a large scale of investment, and their products have increased rapidly. At the same time, a large number of pollutants have been produced, which has caused serious damage to the ecological environment. The pressure on the environment will continue to increase, which will also exceed the carrying capacity of the natural environment and affect the sustainable development of economy and society.
(2) Destruction and pollution of ecological environment
In terms of ecological environment, with the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in China in recent years, the demand for natural resources is increasing, and the intensity of exploitation of natural resources is also increasing. At present, China's economic growth mode is mainly extensive, and its technical level and management level are relatively backward. Therefore, there are more and more pollutants produced by industrial pollution, automobile exhaust, building loading and unloading, urban dust and domestic garbage, which have caused serious ecological environment damage, seriously affected people's health and normal life, and seriously restricted the sustainable development of China's economy. Because the technology of pollution control and management in China is relatively backward, it takes a certain time and process to change the economic development mode and adjust the economic structure, and it is impossible to fundamentally change the rapid development momentum of traditional pollution industries in the short term. Therefore, some traditional heavily polluted industries, such as electric power, steel, building materials, paper making and chemical industry, still have room for growth. , and will maintain a relatively stable growth trend, which will further damage the ecological environment of China and is not conducive to the sustainable development of China's economy.
Third, the task of ecological civilization construction and sustainable development
(A) improve the legal system of ecological environmental protection
Actively promote the construction of legal system and environmental protection, introduce regulations on the prevention and control of soil pollution, air pollution and water pollution, further improve the system of investigating environmental administrative responsibility, intensify the implementation of environmental law, put environmental law enforcement and environmental legislation in an equally important position, take environmental law enforcement as the focus of environmental legal system construction, strengthen publicity and education of environmental law and personnel training, and improve the legal concept of environmental protection of the whole society, especially government officials and managers. Strengthen the construction of the national environmental supervision and management system, so that the construction of ecological civilization and sustainable development can be protected by mandatory laws, so that the construction of ecological civilization and sustainable development can be raised to the height of law, and the law can be a powerful guarantee for the implementation of ecological civilization and sustainable development.
(2) Optimize the industrial structure and take the road of new industrialization.
Optimize and change the development mode of industrial production, take a new industrialization road with high scientific and technological content, good economic benefits, low resource consumption, less environmental pollution and give full play to the advantages of human resources, and accelerate the transformation of unsustainable production and consumption modes. To build an ecological civilization and realize sustainable development, it is required to improve the utilization rate of resources and reduce environmental pollution, focus on improving the utilization rate of resources and protecting the environment, strive to realize industrial ecologicalization, accelerate clean production, vigorously develop circular economy, accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, give full play to the role of science and technology, concentrate on research and development of key technologies to improve the utilization rate of energy resources, and strive to improve the ability of independent innovation and related technologies. Transform traditional industries with high-tech and advanced and applicable technologies, eliminate backward technologies, technologies and equipment with high energy consumption and high pollution, and reduce industrial energy consumption and pollutant emissions. Vigorously develop research on ecological environment technology to provide technical support for building ecological civilization and realizing sustainable development.
(c) Establishing and reforming related government systems
The government should increase investment in environmental protection, strengthen the construction of ecological civilization infrastructure, gradually improve the construction of centralized pollutant treatment facilities, and reduce pollutant emissions. It is necessary to make great efforts in the macro-management and environmental protection system management of resource-based enterprises with high pollution and high emission, plan the development strategy of new environmental protection industries from a macro perspective, strictly control resource-based enterprises with high pollution and high emission, and ensure that they discharge pollutants according to regulations. A regional examination and approval restriction system shall be implemented in key areas, and new projects shall be prohibited from being approved if serious environmental violations occur in key areas. The control effect can be achieved quickly through regional examination and approval restrictions, and it is also a necessary measure to build ecological civilization and realize sustainable development. The government should incorporate the assessment of ecological environment quality of pollution reduction into the assessment of leading cadres' performance, and guide governments at all levels to promote environmental pollution control and ecological civilization construction with the concept of performance, so as to achieve sustainable development.
(four) to strengthen the publicity and education of public ecological civilization and sustainable development.
Government, institutions, enterprises, media, etc. We should work together to establish a perfect environmental education mechanism, let the public realize the importance of ecological protection, establish correct ecological values and moral concepts, establish a firm concept of ecological civilization and sustainable development in people's minds, and cultivate good ecological moral behavior. Extensively carry out publicity and education on ecological civilization and sustainable development, publicize knowledge, policies, laws and regulations related to environmental protection and sustainable development in various forms, directions and levels, promote ecological culture, advocate the concept of ecological civilization and sustainable development, and create a cultural atmosphere in which the whole people care, support and participate in ecological environmental protection. Improve people's consciousness of environmental protection, vigorously cultivate people's ecological moral awareness, constantly enhance people's concept of ecological civilization, improve people's ecological moral cultivation, and create a social atmosphere for cultivating people's ecological environmental moral awareness. It is of great significance to implement the construction of ecological civilization and sustainable development to every member of society and the closely related lives of the people through the participation and joint action of the whole people.
Situation and policy documents of ecological civilization construction II
Current Situation and Policy Analysis of Ecological Civilization Construction in China
Abstract: The construction of ecological civilization in China is in the primary stage. At present, we should take environmental protection as the main body of ecological civilization construction, take the construction of ecological civilization demonstration zone as the starting point, focus on developing green economy, improve the system and mechanism, do a good job in energy conservation and emission reduction, solve outstanding environmental problems and restore the vitality of important ecosystems. On the basis of the pilot project of ecological civilization construction, we should establish and improve the index system of ecological civilization construction with guidance, operability, comparability, dynamics and innovation as soon as possible.
Keywords: ecological civilization; Architecture; Index system
First, the connotation of ecological civilization
What does ecological civilization mean? A cultural and ethical form with the basic purpose of harmonious coexistence, all-round development and sustained prosperity between man and nature, man and society, and man and man? . It is the sum total of material, spiritual and institutional achievements made by human beings in the process of labor following the law of harmonious development of man, nature and society. In other words, ecological civilization is a form of human civilization. Historically, human civilization has experienced three types: primitive civilization, agricultural civilization and industrial civilization. Ecological civilization is a new stage in the development of human civilization. The construction of ecological civilization is not to deny industrial civilization, but to emphasize that advanced industrial civilization must realize the harmony between man and nature, so that people can enjoy the achievements of modern material civilization while maintaining and enjoying the good achievements of ecological civilization.
Ecological civilization takes respecting and maintaining the ecological environment as its main purpose, based on sustainable development, and focusing on the sustainable development of mankind in the future. The rise of ecological civilization is a major change in human values, production methods and lifestyles. Industrial civilization has created enormous productivity, and also brought great survival and development crisis to human development. Choosing the road of ecological civilization is an inevitable trend of human historical development and an irreversible trend of the times, which has become an inevitable choice of China's development strategy in the 2 1 century.
Second, the analysis of the current situation of China's ecological civilization construction
The construction of ecological civilization in China is in the primary stage. Since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, China has gradually formulated basic national policies such as family planning and environmental protection, implemented the strategy of developing the western region and sustainable development, promoted the harmonious development between man and nature, and proposed to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society and carry out the construction of ecological civilization. After years of unremitting efforts, China's rapid population growth has been effectively controlled, resource protection and development management have been continuously strengthened, energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection have been solidly promoted, and new achievements have been made in ecological civilization construction.
In terms of ecological environment construction and protection, efforts have been made to solve outstanding environmental problems related to people's livelihood, a series of major ecological construction projects have made breakthrough progress, rural environmental protection work has been extensively carried out, environmental protection capacity building has been further strengthened, environmental protection policies and regulations have been continuously improved, environmental assessment, environmental monitoring and law enforcement supervision have been strengthened, environmental protection publicity and education and international cooperation have been actively promoted, and public environmental awareness has been continuously improved.
In terms of industrial production, we will persist in energy conservation and emission reduction, vigorously adjust the economic structure, promote clean production, actively promote the development of circular economy, support key energy-saving projects, strengthen industrial environmental protection law enforcement, implement measures to meet the emission standards within a time limit, and forcibly eliminate backward processes and production devices with serious pollution.
In terms of energy development and water resources protection and utilization, a series of energy-saving laws, regulations and technical and economic policies have been formulated and implemented, a comprehensive management system for sustainable utilization of water resources and water pollution control has been established and improved, the project of benefiting people with energy-saving products has been launched, the target responsibility for energy conservation and emission reduction has been strengthened, the supervision and inspection of energy conservation and emission reduction have been strengthened, and the national energy conservation and emission reduction action has been carried out in depth.
However, what needs our attention more is that China will face some major challenges in the initial stage of ecological civilization construction and beyond. Although China has a vast territory and abundant resources, the population pressure is huge, and the scientific and cultural quality, physical health quality and moral quality of the population need to be improved urgently. The rapid development of national economy has increased the demand for resources and energy, and the shortage of resources and energy is prominent; The environmental pollution situation is grim, the ecological environment is further deteriorated, and the ecological security is seriously threatened. These problems lead to all kinds of natural assets losses and natural disasters, and the direct economic losses of people's lives and property and state property are increasing day by day, which restricts the development of the national economy.
Third, the policy analysis of ecological civilization construction
Ecological civilization is both an ideal realm and a realistic goal. How to build an ecological civilization in Socialism with Chinese characteristics? Building ecological civilization and coordinating the harmonious development between man and nature need to penetrate into many aspects such as material, system and thought. Under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, we should take resource conservation as the basic national policy, vigorously develop circular economy and low-carbon economy, strengthen environmental protection, effectively protect natural ecology, accelerate the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, promote the coordination of economic development with population, resources and environment, take a new road to industrialization, and adhere to conservation-oriented development and clean development.
Firmly establish the concept of ecological civilization. Strengthening resource conservation and environmental protection are two strategic tasks that China must focus on in building ecological civilization at this stage. This is a huge systematic project, which concerns the well-being and fundamental interests of the people, the rejuvenation of the nation and the long-term development of the country. It is necessary to vigorously advocate the concept of ecological civilization in the whole party and society, so that it can be widely rooted in the hearts of the people and become the consensus and action of the whole party and society. Party and government organs at all levels, enterprises and institutions, non-governmental organizations and every family and individual have the responsibility and obligation to care for and actively participate in this cause.
The construction of ecological civilization should be guaranteed by the legal system. In the process of ecological civilization construction, it is not enough to rely solely on moral constraints, but must be guaranteed by a sound legal system. China has formulated a series of environmental protection laws and regulations, but there are still some important legislative gaps, some environmental management systems are not suitable for the needs, some environmental management systems lack legal basis, environmental laws are lagging behind, there is a lack of environmental laws that specifically restrict government behavior, local protection interferes with normal law enforcement, environmental civil compensation has no legal basis, and vulnerable groups cannot obtain necessary compensation after environmental damage. Therefore, in view of the existing problems, it is an urgent task to strengthen environmental strategy and policy research, improve environmental legislation, improve the quality of legislation, strengthen law enforcement and strengthen law enforcement supervision.
Constructing the evaluation index system of ecological civilization construction is an exploratory subject, and there are many technical and practical difficulties in system definition and index selection. The formation of the existing index system mainly considers the systematic requirements and the availability of index data. Therefore, with the deepening of the research, it will be the next task to revise the existing index system and further improve the operability of some indicators in order to truly evaluate the progress of ecological civilization construction objectively, accurately and scientifically.
The Party's report points out that ecological civilization construction should be placed in a prominent position, integrated into all aspects and the whole process of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction, and efforts should be made to build a beautiful China and realize the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. ?
References:
[1] Zhou Shengxian. Theoretical Innovation and Practice of Ecological Civilization Construction with China Characteristics [J]. Qiushi, 20 12, 10.
[2] Chen Hongbo Pan Jiahua. Progress in theory and practice of ecological civilization construction in China [J]. Journal of China Geo University, 2012,09