Generally speaking, there are four basic elements in the composition of all music. The most important ones are "sound level" and "sound length": 1. Sound level: any music is composed of high and low tones. Looking straight at the piano, the keyboard sounds low left and high right. 2, the length of the sound: In addition to the level of the sound, there is another important factor is the length of the sound. The pitch and length of the notes determine that this piece of music is different from other pieces, so it becomes the most important basic element of music. 3, the intensity of sound: the intensity of music is easy to understand, also called intensity. There are always some notes in a piece of music that are strong in some places and weak in some places. The change of strength is one of the factors to express emotion in music works. 4. Sound quality: it can also be called timbre. That is, musical instruments or human voices. Boys and girls with the same melody pitch sing different timbres; The timbre of violin and piano is different. The above four items constitute the basic elements of any musical work. It should be said that notation can basically correctly label these basic elements.

musical note

In notation, symbols that record the height and length of sound are called notes. The symbols used to indicate the level of these sounds are marked with seven Arabic numerals, which are written as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and pronounced as: do, re, Mi, Fa, so, La, si (duo, lai, mi, fa, suo, la, Xi). Notes are closely related to pitch. Without pitch, there is no note.

throw

The numerical symbols of notes, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, represent different pitches. You can intuitively understand notes and pitches on the piano keyboard. Broadly speaking, there are seven notes in music.

Note length

The notes in music are not only high and low, but also long and short. Here is a basic musical term-beat. Beat is an important concept to express the length of notes. Expressing the length of music requires a relatively fixed concept of time. In notation, notes are divided into whole notes, half notes, quarter notes, sixteenth notes and thirty-second notes. Among these notes, the most important one is the quarter note, which is a basic reference to measure the length, that is, the quarter note is a beat. The concept of beat here is the unit of relative time measurement. There is no limit to the length of a beat, which can be 1 second, 2 seconds or half a second. If one beat is one second long, then two beats are two seconds; If one beat is half a second, two beats are the length of one second. Once this basic beat is fixed, symbols that are longer or shorter than a beat are relatively easy. Use a horizontal line "-"to mark to the right or below the quarter note to define the length of the note. The following is a list of commonly used notes and their length marks: Note name writing time value.

Full note 5- 4 beats

Binary notes 5-2 beats

Quarter notes in 5 beats.

Octave note 5- half beat

Sixteenth note 5 = quarter beat

Thirty-two notes, 5 ≡ eighth beat

As can be seen from the above example, some horizontal lines are marked behind the notes, and some are recorded under the notes. Different positions of the horizontal line mark different durations of the marked notes. A rule can be found from the table, that is, to prolong the duration of the note, a horizontal line "-"is added to the right of the quarter note, and the horizontal line at this time is called a delay line. The more delay lines, the longer the duration (duration) of the note. On the contrary, the more horizontal lines below the notes, the shorter the note time.

discontinue

In music, there are not only the height and length of sound, but also the pause of sound. The symbol indicating the sound pause is called a rest and marked with "0". In layman's terms, it is a symbol without sound. Rests and notes are basically the same, and there are six kinds. However, in general, the added horizontal lines are directly replaced by 0. Every time a 0 is added, the duration of a four-point rest is increased.

Semitones and whole tones

There is a "distance" between notes, which is a relatively calculable value. In music, the minimum distance between two adjacent tones is called semitone, and two semitone distances form a complete tone. On the piano, two keyboards closely connected on the piano keyboard form a semitone, while two keyboards separated by a keyboard are full tones.

A changing voice

Tones obtained by raising or lowering the standard tone are tone sandhi. A note that raises a semitone is called a rising tone. Represented by "#" (rising semitone), it is generally written in the upper left part of the note, as shown below: the standard note is lowered by one semitone, represented by "b" (rising semitone), and also written in the upper left part of the note. A whole tone rising in the pitch is called polyphony, which is represented by "X" (polyphony) and is related to the mode. The lowering of pitch and whole tone is called falling again. It is indicated by "bb" (heavy fall). The sound that is raised (including re-rising) or lowered (including re-falling) will become the original sound, which is indicated by the lowering mark "ヰ". "

dotted note

The dotted line point is the point recorded to the right of the note, which means that the duration of the previous note is increased by half. Notes with dots are called dot notes.

rhythm

To master reading music, we must first master the rhythm, and practice mastering the rhythm to get an accurate beat. The method of slapping is: half clap with hand, half clap with palm, and one clap up and down.

beat

In a piece of music or song, the intensity of sound appears periodically to form a beat. The relationship between beat and rhythm is just like the relationship between neat pace (beat) and changing drums (rhythm) in March.

Single lens and double lens

Single beat refers to the strong beat of each bar. There is a strong bar and several sub-strong bars in the remake.

Modal scale

Several tones (usually about seven tones) are combined according to a certain relationship to form a phonological system with tonic (alto) and form a mode. A series of tones arranged from tonic to tonic in a mode according to a certain pitch relationship are called scales.

Big mode

Any arrangement of scales that conforms to the whole, whole, half, whole, whole and half structure is natural major. This is the most widely used model. Generally speaking, the beginning note of a musical composition is 1, 3 or 5, and the music ending in 1 is major music. For example, the national anthem is music in major. To truly understand major music, we must learn harmony knowledge.

Secondary form

There are three forms of minor: a: natural minor: any scale that conforms to the structure of full, semi-full, full, full, semi-full, full and full is called natural minor. B: Harmony minor: The seventh step of improving the scale of natural minor is called harmony minor. C: Melody minor: A natural minor whose scale rises by 4,5 and falls back to 5,4 is called a melody minor. Generally, the first note of minor music starts from 6 or 3 and ends at 6. For example, Night Outside Moscow is a minor music. Like major, to really understand minor music, we must learn harmony knowledge.

repeat

It means that the tune in the sign is sung (played) repeatedly.

grace note

The function of decorative sound is mainly used to decorate melody. They are represented by symbols or small notes, and the duration of decorative sounds is very short. (1) lean tone: refers to one or several tones attached to the tonic, and the duration of the chair tone is short. There are forward and backward tones. (2) vibrato: the tonic and its adjacent sounds are played alternately and quickly. (3) Boeing: It is formed by the rapid alternation of the tonic and the adjacent tones above or below it once or twice. (4) Slip: The dominant note slides up or down to a certain note. Sliding can be divided into upward sliding and downward sliding. Slippery can be played on all stringed instruments except vocal music, but keyboard instruments such as piano can't.

Tone marking

Mark the notes with triangle symbols, indicating that the notes should sing (play) short jumps.

Tone line

There are two ways to mark the top of a note with an arc: (1) sustain line: if it is the same note, you can play it according to the beat without playing it again, such as the connection of the following 2; (2) Connecting two or more different sounds, also known as smooth lines. It is required to sing (play) coherently and smoothly.

accent mark

Mark the note with ">" or "□" or "sf" to indicate that the note should be sung (played) strongly. When ">" and "□" symbol appear together, the expression is stronger.

Maintain tone mark

A-sign above a note indicates that the note should maintain sufficient duration and volume when singing (playing).

Rod line

Each bar is separated by a vertical line called a bar line.