Literary theory: one of the branches of literary theory. A science that clarifies the basic principles and knowledge of the nature, characteristics, creative process, development law and social function of literature and works. It is a scientific summary of literary movement, literary creation and literary criticism experience. This paper mainly studies the moral orientation value of literary theory and aesthetics courses, hoping to help everyone.
Abstract: The course of literary theory and aesthetics under the system of humanities itself contains rich moral education value. The particularity of literature, art and aesthetics makes them have many characteristics in the teaching process. In a word, they always use images to reflect life and convey ideas with aesthetics. Correctly grasping and applying these characteristics in the teaching process of literary theory and aesthetics is of great significance for teachers to effectively organize teaching, improve teaching quality, correctly guide and cultivate students' good moral quality, and also opens up a new thinking space for moral education by using literary theory and aesthetics: give full play to the hidden channel role of literature and art, and improve the educated's cognition of social-oriented moral value; Give full play to the hidden channel function of literature and art, deepen the formation of moral will and the cultivation of emotion of the educated; Giving full play to the hidden channel function of literature and art is helpful to guide the educated to practice moral behavior. At the same time, it tries to inject some new vitality into quality education with new thinking.
Paper Keywords: literary theory, aesthetics, moral guidance value
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As long as all literature and art take truth, goodness and beauty as its reflection content and expression mode, it is bound to be inextricably linked with morality and will inevitably embody and publicize moral concepts. In China culture? Poetry expresses ambition? 、? Words with words? Ideological tradition makes the combination of literature and art with morality, aesthetics and ethics closer. Therefore, it is feasible to improve the individual's personality quality and moral cultivation with the help of the beauty of literature and art, that is to say, the essential characteristics of morality determine that its communication and education methods have a natural connection with literature and art. In the new era, quality education aimed at cultivating innovative and all-round new talents has been placed in a prominent position as the foundation of knowledge industry. It is necessary and urgent to put forward and discuss moral education again now.
? Morality is the sum total of ethical concepts and codes of conduct about good and evil, right and wrong, justice and injustice formed by people in social life? [ 1]。 As far as moral education is concerned, there are generally two forms, namely explicit education and implicit education. Internationally, most countries have no special moral discipline, and moral education in China is mainly carried out through ideological and moral courses. This does not mean that this is the only effective way of moral education. Rickner believes that the teaching of various subjects is a problem of moral education. Sleeping giant? The patriotic spirit of great historical figures in history, the noble character of heroes in literary theory, the rigor in mathematics and the pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty in aesthetics all contain some positive moral values to varying degrees. Throughout the ages, effective moral communication pays attention to the power of literature and art as a carrier, and simple moral preaching is often difficult to work, but the integration of moral education and literary education conforms to the law of moral guidance and literary development. Curriculum teaching is an effective way of moral education, so it is particularly important to study the moral education-oriented value in curriculum teaching, especially in literary theory and aesthetics teaching. Before discussing, let's start with the following points.
1. The essence and function of literature and art.
Literature and art are the embodiment of beauty. They rely on typical artistic images to reflect reality and spread knowledge. Their main functions are cognition, aesthetics and education. The realization of these functions is different from the theoretical indoctrination of other disciplines, but through vivid images and ideological, spiritual and moral forms embodied in specific events. This is also the difference between it as a special social ideology and other ideologies. Specifically, this difference is not only reflected in the object, but also in the purpose and achievement. First of all, the life reflected by literature and art is mainly the beauty in life, and of course there are ugliness. The ugliness here is investigated in the aesthetic context. Secondly, it refines all the beauty in life into the beauty of art; Finally, both of them appear in the public eye with a beautiful image of completing their respective tasks. In this way, it not only educates students to master the knowledge, principles and skills of literature and art, but also uses its precious moral nutrients and resources to guide and cultivate morality because of its own laws and regulations, instead of artificially adding extra burden to it.
2. The relationship between the teaching of literary theory and aesthetics and moral education.
From the close internal relations among the disciplines in the big family of humanities, we can clearly see that literature and art itself have the characteristics of flesh and blood integration with morality. Literature and art are special spiritual products for people to build spiritual civilization. Once literary and artistic works come out, it condenses writers and artists' feelings about life and life, and it is the expression and revelation of their thoughts and feelings, which will inevitably condense their understanding and feelings about moral concepts. It contains thought, spirit and morality, is the sublimation of thought and spirit, and is the embodiment of goodness. This is because? Literature and art are mainly about people and their social life. So, is moral emotion and moral consciousness one of the important contents that literature and art must reflect? . [2] That is to say, as long as it is real literature and art, as long as it is excellent works, it should have the nature of promoting virtue and can also play a role in strengthening people's spirit. On the contrary, this is the basic accomplishment of truly excellent works, and only in this way can literary and artistic works be accepted and recognized by the public and leave brilliant achievements in the art galleries of history and times. Otherwise, in the face of the changes of the times and the formation of new values in the new era, new society, it will only leave ideological noise and spiritual dross.
3. The superiority of moral guidance in literary and art disciplines.
Through the intermediary and enjoyment of beauty, art enables the educated to achieve the purpose of understanding and education in a free and relaxed environment and produce emotional resonance. In particular, the aesthetic course, with the help of the form of beauty, carries out moral education through aesthetic education, so that the sense of beauty, art and morality can be integrated, and reason, will and emotion can work together to completely eliminate people's alert, boring and boring learning psychology when receiving education. Reveal the truth with beauty? 、? Beautify morality? To induce and influence the audience. This creates conditions for moral education in literature and art classes. First of all, with the help of emotional factors in art, we can enhance the attraction of moral concepts, stimulate the moral feelings in the depths of the subject, and purify the narrow desires and utilitarian hearts of individuals in an instant. At the same time, with the help of aesthetic factors, it can also eliminate the boring resistance of the educated when the moral education was instilled by pure theory in the past, and can be guided and restrained by emotional and rational methods. All these make it easy, free, silent, entertaining and subtle in moral guidance; In addition, the teaching objects of literary theory and aesthetics courses are mostly high-level groups, and most of these courses are really offered in the middle and advanced stages of education and teaching. Before receiving education, these people have formed a set of values in their own world. When giving them moral education, they can't preach with morality. Secondly, in the way of moral education, literary theory and aesthetics courses can also be realized through situations, which do not need to be carefully created, because they are disciplines with mixed scenes. It can simply stimulate students' moral emotion, thus providing a prerequisite for this emotion to be transformed into moral behavior. Finally, literature and art always come from the social life of a certain era, and the important part of social life is people's moral life. Literature is a discipline that describes people, people's minds and the relationship between people, while morality is a normative system to adjust the relationship between people and society. Therefore, morality is an indispensable internal element of literature. Conversely, morality, as a cultural phenomenon, is of course more closely related to art as a spiritual culture.
4. The embodiment of moral values in the course of literary theory and aesthetics.
In China's literary theory? Gentle? . ? Gentle, and then a gentleman? , talk? Kind and honest? Can be widely used in art criticism and social personnel criticism; On poetry, what are there? Poetry expresses ambition? . For example, in Preface to Mao Poetry, there are:? A poet, where there is ambition, has ambition in his heart and speaks like a poem. ? Zhong Rong's preface to poetry has: The beast of Qi is touching, so it shakes its temperament and dances. ? What is the job? Touch something? The product of, right? Things? The reappearance of the German world is right again? People? The expression of moral mind. Confucius? Xing, Guan, and the group complain? Is it also to emphasize the usefulness of the Book of Songs? Gentleman? The moral education function of adults. In artistic theory? Character, sentiment? In the opera? Facebook? In music and other aspects? Humanistic care? 、? Patriotic feelings? Wait a minute. In ancient aesthetic theory? Beautiful? Is it the same? Okay？ Have an intimate relationship. ? The unity of beauty and goodness? . Moreover, in ancient aesthetics, goodness is a higher category than beauty, and goodness is morality in ethics. Shao is beautiful and good. And said:? "Wu" is perfect, but not perfect? It will explain the problem. In Confucius' poetics? Naively think? , put forward in the later preface to Shi Mao? Teach what to turn it into? Theory, art? Marriage, filial piety, ethics, enlightenment, changing customs? [3] The contagious function of morality. As early as more than two thousand years ago, an important reason why Plato, an ancient Greek thinker, expelled the poet from the utopia was the poet? Cater to the inferiority of human nature? ,? Cultivate the evil part of human nature and destroy the rational part? [4] is actually a manifestation of ethical criticism. Taoist aesthetics? Harmony between man and nature? Our environmental ethics are all from a positive moral point of view. Although the expressions are different, they are ultimately a guiding value for human nature or education, aiming at guiding the goodness of human nature, the sublimation of art and the perfection of interpersonal relationships.
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From the discussion of the above issues, we can see the natural connection between literary theory and moral education. Today, with the rapid development of human economy, the rapid development of science and technology, and the ever-changing values, both primary school students, middle school students and college students will have a positive and far-reaching impact on the cultivation of audience's moral awareness, the improvement of moral understanding, the exercise of moral will, the firmness of moral belief and the guidance of moral behavior. Therefore, in the teaching process of literary theory and aesthetics, it is of great significance for teachers to organize teaching effectively, improve teaching quality, correctly guide and cultivate students' good moral quality, and also open up a new thinking space for moral education by using literary theory and aesthetics.
1. Give play to the hidden channel role of literature and art, and improve students' cognition of social-oriented moral values.
Cognition is the premise of action, and only when we know it in thought can we show it in action. Moral cognition is the preparation of moral behavior and the basis of corresponding moral emotion. The deeper the students' moral cognition, the stronger their moral emotion. This kind of emotion will form the internal driving force of its moral behavior, constitute the motivation of moral behavior, and is also the basis for realizing the transformation from moral knowledge to moral behavior. Literature and art are the fruits of social spiritual civilization and the productive forces of the spiritual world, which contain rich and valuable literary theorists' correct and positive outlook on life, values and world. It is easy to excavate and refine these precious spiritual foods and transport them to the minds of educated people through hidden channels. ? Art can indeed provide us with moral knowledge, which is closely related to its intrinsic value, and so is aesthetics? [5]。 This point has been discussed above, so I won't repeat it here. The dominant value of society reflects the common needs and pursuits of a society. Man exists not only as an individual life, but also as a member of society and a social person, so his behavior must conform to the social attributes and interests of others. People's life, work and study are inseparable from society, so everyone's moral outlook should reflect the moral value orientation of society. Only by fully realizing what should be done and what will not only harm the society, but also make us despair, can we find the golden key to realize our pursuit and ideal in society, provide guarantee for our harmonious integration into society and ensure the harmonious development of individuals and society. As far as college students are concerned, the mainstream of college students' moral thoughts is positive, but some students have vague boundaries in moral value judgment, weak moral consciousness, especially in self-esteem, lack of judgment in front of right and wrong, lack of principle, lack of certain dedication, reduced integrity, lack of social responsibility, frugality, etc., which requires us to carry out moral education on such issues from various angles. A large number of practices show that only by combining explicit methods with implicit methods can we get expected and even unexpected results.
2. Giving full play to the hidden channel role of literature and art is helpful to cultivate the moral feelings of the educated.
The basic purpose of the course of literary theory is to teach students to master the basic knowledge and skills of literature and art, to help the educated to look at the world with artistic eyes, to interpret life, to improve artistic accomplishment and to cultivate noble moral standards. This is the three-dimensional goal of literary teaching, and it is also the quality that an all-round developed person should possess. Literary theory is always presented through works, and literary works, as one of the three poles of literary activities, will inevitably edify, enrich, sublimate, stimulate, transform and improve the aesthetic psychological structure and theme mental state of the appreciator through the consumption of the appreciator, thus injecting positive ideological factors into the recipients, deepening moral experience, casting noble sentiments and inspiring enterprising spirit. In the teaching of literary theory, we attach importance to guiding students to have emotional experience and run it through the whole process of education. This will stimulate students' moral feelings, mobilize students' emotional experience and arouse emotional resonance. Take music art as an example. Music, as one of the ancient art forms of human beings, is the art of emotion. Educator Homlinski said:? The purity of feelings is the basis of forming noble morality, which is cultivated through music and songs. ? The melody of music is the soul of music. March of the Volunteers, Soul of the Chinese Army, Song of the Communist Youth League and Brave Heart are all true portrayal of people's emotional expression. When people sing these classic songs later, they will be moved by the spiritual essence contained in them. Is this art? Emotional resonance? . Try to remember. 5? 12? During the earthquake, the children buried under the rubble sang the national anthem and Unity is Strength in unison. Can't they arouse personal conscience, responsibility and mission? To be sure, no one is not moved and shocked. Songs bring spiritual comfort to the children under the ruins, courage and confidence to live, and also arouse the moral feelings of the whole society. For example, at the moment of the flag-raising ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games, the national anthem resounded through the Bird's Nest, and the spirit of Olympic athletes' hard work inspired their patriotic enthusiasm and national pride. The images of great men and exemplary deeds of advanced figures created in literary and artistic works are good resources for cultivating students' moral feelings. In the teaching process, teachers should be good at impressing students with vivid, vivid and passionate teaching methods, so that the contents of teaching materials can produce concrete and sensible images in students' minds and infect students' thoughts and feelings. Moral emotion is rich in content, including class emotion, patriotism emotion, collectivism emotion, sense of obligation, sense of responsibility, self-esteem and shame. Among them, collectivism can alleviate the weakness of individual collective consciousness, sense of obligation and responsibility can affect individuals who lack sense of responsibility, and sense of self-esteem and shame can prevent individuals from making bad behaviors that violate social morality in a certain sense. What do you need to add here? Emotional education? It's just an auxiliary function to achieve better teaching purposes, that's all.
3. Giving full play to the hidden channel function of literature and art is helpful to guide the educated to practice moral behavior.
No matter what kind of education, its ultimate goal is to guide practice. Only in this way can education play a substantial and proper social role. Otherwise, all pre-education can only be regarded as empty talk, and the process of ideological and moral education is no exception. Moral cognition and moral emotion should be reflected and tested in moral behavior. Moral thoughts and emotions in literary theory and typical images with good moral quality in literary works can play a role in guiding students to practice moral behavior. This requires that while imparting literary and artistic knowledge, we should also be good at organizing some meaningful practical activities classes, so that the educated can come into life, initially experience and internalize moral cognition; Then enter professional practice such as practical training to further experience, realize and strengthen moral cognition; Finally, in professional practice, the existing moral cognition, beliefs and emotions are transformed into moral behaviors, and they know how to do it, and they are prepared to do so, so that the educated can know and understand the personality charm of being a moral and civilized person in real life, and know that practicing morality in real life is a glorious thing and a good thing that will be praised and praised. In this way, moral knowledge can be truly transformed into moral behavior and the purpose of education can be achieved. Of course, moral practice is not something once and for all. It is not that we should do earth-shattering things like heroes described and praised in literary and artistic works, but start from small things around us. In concrete actions, always take? Do not be evil, do not be good? Remind yourself and push yourself.
To sum up, since the construction of socialist culture, including morality and literature and art, is consistent in nature and purpose, consciously guiding morality in the teaching of literary theory and aesthetics and giving full play to the special infiltration and influence of various aesthetic forms such as artistic beauty on moral construction will certainly improve the quality of students and even wider citizens, and will have a practical and lasting positive effect and far-reaching influence on the cultural construction of schools and the whole society and the teaching and research of related disciplines.
References:
[1] Lu Jie, edited by Wang Fengxian. New Theory on Moral Education [M]. Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Press, 2000.
[2] He Xilai, Du Shuying. Literature and morality in the new period [M]. Jinan: Shandong Education Press, 1999.
[3] Yu Min. Selected materials of Chinese aesthetic history (1) [M]. Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2008.
[4] Peng Jixiang. Introduction to artistic beauty [M]. Beijing: Peking University Publishing House, 2006.
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