Although great progress has been made in the cause of museums in China, the existing museums are not commensurate with China's long history, vast territory and rich products in terms of scale, types, quantity and management level. However, with the rapid development of national economy, culture and science and technology, a colorful museum network with China characteristics will be built. The wonderful activities around the Museum Day can also be regarded as a microcosm of the development and progress of China Museum in recent years.
According to statistics, in 2009, the total number of museums in China reached 2,900, and 386 private museums were registered in the cultural relics department, accounting for 13.3% of the total number of museums in China. In 2009, the total number of free museum memorials in China reached 1447, accounting for 76% of the total number of museum memorials and national patriotic education demonstration bases under the centralized management of cultural relics departments.
In 2009, the central government allocated 2 billion yuan of special funds for free opening, which were mainly used to subsidize the funds needed for the free opening of local museums and memorial halls, encourage the improvement of exhibitions and temporary exhibitions, and support the memorial halls of key museums to enhance their service capabilities. As of June 5438+00, 2009, the funds for post-disaster cultural relics rescue and protection projects reached 2.2 billion yuan. The new Maoxian Qiang Museum and Beichuan Qiang Folk Museum officially started construction.
Ma, director of Liaoning Provincial Museum, said that in 2008, the number of tourists received was 410.3 million, and in 2009, the number increased to 457,000. In the past two years, the society has paid more attention to museums, and the awareness of public cultural functions of museums has been continuously improved.
In 2009, 9 museums and memorial halls of Nanchang cultural system received 2.93 million tourists, and the number of tourists in some venues increased by nearly 10 times. Free opening has accelerated the integration of museums into public life, greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of the public to visit museums, changed the deserted situation of many museums, and fully exerted the public cultural function of museums serving the society.
According to Song Xinchao, deputy director of National Cultural Heritage Administration, since the museum was opened for free for more than two years, apart from the promotion of exhibits and services, greater progress has been made in the development of museum cultural products.
"We used to think that the development of museum cultural products was a sideline, but now we gradually realize that it is for the audience." According to the survey, the time spent by visitors in the museum is basically the same as that in the museum store, and the audience has a great demand for museum cultural products. Song Xinchao believes that museum cultural products can involve all aspects of life and are a means of museum promotion and marketing. He called this innovative service "taking the museum home". "The sales revenue of cultural products can further feed back the development of museums and further improve the service level of museums on the premise of adhering to the public welfare of museum services." According to the consistent understanding of China Museum, the museum is an important part of socialist cultural undertakings, an important aspect of cultural infrastructure construction, an important content of public cultural service system construction, and an important position to protect people's basic cultural rights and interests.
With the growth and development of the Republic, China's museum industry has gone through a tortuous road and made remarkable achievements.
According to the statistics of National Cultural Heritage Administration Museum and Social Cultural Relics Department, by the end of 2008, there were 2,970 museums in China, including 2 16 1 state-owned museums owned by cultural relics administrative departments, 490 industrial state-owned museums owned by non-cultural relics administrative departments, and 3 19 private museums, which was eight times as many as 1978. Not only is it developing rapidly in quantity, but also the quality and level of museums are constantly improving. A large number of new large-scale museums have been built, which have had a positive impact on society. The protection, utilization and management of museum collections have been continuously strengthened, museums have accelerated their integration into society, the protection of revolutionary cultural relics and the work of revolutionary memorial halls have been steadily promoted, the characteristics of public cultural services of museums have become increasingly prominent, and social attention has been unprecedentedly improved.
With the promotion of free opening of museums, more and more people walk into museums and approach them. On June 5438+ 10, 2008, the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Culture and National Cultural Heritage Administration jointly issued the Notice on the Free Opening of National Museums and Memorial Halls to the Society, and related museums all over the country were opened free of charge one after another. By the end of 2009, more than 440 museums, memorial halls and national patriotic education demonstration bases in the Cultural Relics System/KLOC-0 were all open free of charge. In the past two years, it has received 820 million tourists. At present, the museum is facing the society and benefiting the people with excellent environment, beautiful display and excellent service, and strives to practice the new requirements of sharing the achievements of cultural heritage protection with the people.
It is precisely because of the remarkable achievements made by the China Museum that in 2006, with the strong support of the China Municipal Government, the China Museum Association and Shanghai jointly bid for the 22nd ICOM Conference in 20 10, and it was a success. This year's165438+1October 7-12, the Expo Center in the Expo Park will become the main venue of the 22nd ICOM Conference. While applauding the brilliant achievements, we are also soberly aware that China's museum industry is still facing some problems that need to be solved urgently.
First, the structure of museum types is unbalanced, which is far from the demand for museums by economic and social development. The development of natural science and technology museums and art galleries obviously lags behind that of humanities and history museums, and there is still a lot of room for the development of ecological museums, industrial heritage museums and ethnic and folk museums.
Second, the unique role of museums in the national education system and public cultural service system has not been fully and well played, and there is a big gap with the growing spiritual and cultural needs of the people. On the one hand, the museum failed to establish an effective cooperation or co-construction mechanism with the education department; On the other hand, some museums have outdated exhibition contents and forms, lack of educational activities, and monotonous forms of cultural products, which greatly affect their own display and educational service functions.
Third, the overall specialization level of museums is relatively limited, which is quite different from that of developed countries. The research level of many large and medium-sized museums is not high, and the ability to interpret and annotate the collections needs to be improved urgently; Some small museums lack hardware, and the preservation and display environment of their collections is worrying; Many private museums have a weak sense of public welfare, lack of professional awareness of museums, and relatively limited social functions.
Fourth, there are still some misunderstandings in the development process. For example, some places ignore their own resource conditions and the actual needs of social development, blindly build new museums in advance, and even repeat construction; Some exhibitions tend to be pan-artistic and visual, and the form is out of touch with the content. Ignoring the exploration and display of the connotation and exhibition theme of cultural relics exhibits not only misleads the audience, but also causes great waste.
In the next stage, the China museum industry will deeply analyze the problems existing in the development of the museum industry by vigorously strengthening the strategic research of the museum, so as to provide a solid theoretical basis for promoting the scientific development of the museum industry; By establishing a museum quality evaluation system, more museums can be guided to improve their professional level and improve their social functions. By expanding the breadth and depth of cultural exchanges with foreign countries, promoting the sharing of cultural heritage resources, maintaining the cultural diversity of the world, enhancing the international status of China Museum, and making contributions to expanding the international influence of Chinese culture.
165438+ The 22nd general meeting of the International Association of Museums will be held in Shanghai on 10, which will open a new horizon for the foreign exchange of China museum industry. China museum industry, which is in the development stage, will make full use of this opportunity and learn from the advanced theories and experiences in the field of international museum science through the good platform of the International Museum Association, so as to promote its healthy and rapid development.