Power has always been an important factor of production concerned by economics, but until the horse
Before Marx discovered the law of surplus value, economists intentionally or unintentionally.
Pay more attention to the input of production factors such as capital and land.
Cheng, is not very concerned about the continuing education of the labor force. After Marx,
The continuous progress of science and technology forces people to face up to the labor force
The great influence of quality on social production, Schultz in the 1960s.
This paper uses the method of scientific demonstration to study the influence of education on economic growth from a macro perspective.
The contribution of human capital systematically expounds the theory of human capital and makes it an economy.
School of study; Later, Becker, Denison, Minsell and others entered one.
From the meso level, Schultz's theory has been revised and developed, which has promoted people.
The development process of labor capital theory to microcosmic is modern labor economics.
Study the influence of human capital on economic development from a more detailed aspect.
This road. In this way, people's willingness to invest in continuing education has gradually changed from
From scratch, from sensibility to rationality, the investment intention is clearer and the investment method is clearer.
More scientific and safer rate of return. Accordingly, we can learn from human capital.
There are four stages in learning economic credits: the germination, preparation, formation and maturity of the theory.
The influence of types on the investment tendency of continuing education. The detailed list is as follows:
Table 1 economic theory from the perspective of human capital theory
Influence on Investment Tendency of Continuing Education
Classical Marxism and Classical Human Resources in New Economy and Modern Labor
Typical genre
Economics, political economics, economics, this theory has worn away theoretical economics.
Stage germination, preparation, formation and maturity.
The research vision is macro-macro-macro and micro-micro.
Investment is more scientific and rational.
Don't pay attention to the impact of investment and start to pay attention.
Extensive and scientific
Study the factors of production related to the center of gravity, materials and talents.
Firstly, the influence of pre-human capital theory on continuing education investment.
Pre-human capital theory mainly refers to classicality in its ideological embryonic stage.
Economists' research on the value of labor. Here, classical economics
(classical economics) refers to the emergence of Marxist political economy.
All the economic thoughts before birth.
The earliest thought of human capital can be traced back to the ancient Greek thinker Bo.
Latour (Plato, about 427- 347 BC) and Aris- Toetter (Aris-
Totle, 384 BC-322 BC), has been taught in their works.
The economic role of education, but in their view, education is still consumption.
Commodity, its economic function is only indirect; Since then, Quesnay of France
(francois quesnay, 1694— 1774) first studied the human factor.
Quality, that "the people constitute the national wealth"; British Patty (Wil—-
Liam Petty (1623— 1687) first put forward and demonstrated labor decision-making.
The thought of fixed value laid the foundation of labor theory of value and was called by Marx.
As the "father of political economy"; Adam Smith, the founder of economics,
1723- 1790) is the first economics that regards manpower as capital.
Home, he affirmed that labor creates value and all kinds of resources in labor.
On the basis of special status, the proficiency of labor skills is clearly put forward.
To limit people's labor ability and level, the proficiency of labor skills should be
It can only be improved through education and training, which takes time.
And paying tuition fees can be considered as the bud of human capital investment.
Thought; David ricardo (david ricardo-
Do, 1772— 1823) inherits and develops Smith's labor theory of value.
Said, adhere to the principle of labor requirements to determine the value of goods, and the people's
Labor is divided into direct labor and indirect labor; /kloc-the famous British economy in the 0 th and 9 th centuries
Scientist and philosopher john stewart Mueller (1806— 1873,
Mill) is rich on the basis of inheriting Smith's economic thought.
Creatively from the traditional production orientation of economic growth and resource allocation
It is pointed out that education expenditure will bring greater national wealth; French assets
Jean Bapp —— the founder of class vulgar political economy—
Tiste, 1767— 1832) puts forward that scientific knowledge is a part of productive forces.
The idea of division of labor is an epoch-making theoretical contribution; 65438+20 at the end of 2009
Date of receipt: September 20, 2009
Project Source: Chongqing Higher Education Teaching Reform Research Key Project "Research and Exploration of Continuing Education Mode in Higher Vocational Colleges", project number: 0827009.
About the author: Wu Dandan (1985 I), female, Han nationality, from Jincheng, Shanxi Province, holds a master's degree in Education College of Chongqing Normal University, mainly engaged in educational management and policy law research.
Wanfang Data
18 continuing education research 20 10No. 1
At the beginning of this century, Marshall (Al-
Led Marshall, 1842- 1924) also put forward that knowledge and organization are capital.
A very important part of this is the most powerful productivity. in the future
Is under study. Marshall pointed out that knowledge and organization are independent production requirements.
Su believes that education investment plays an important role in economic growth.
Therefore, in general, classical economics pays more attention to capital,
Fixed capital investment in land, equipment, facilities and other material types. although
Classical economic theory has a great influence on the labor force and its quality, especially
People who have certain technical ability, knowledge and information also pay more attention to it.
However, people are not generally concerned about the overall quality of the labor force.
High to improve productivity, but by investing a lot of resources and energy.
And other material forms of fixed capital to achieve economic growth, in this economy.
Under the guidance of learning theory, it develops naturally from social and socio-economic development.
Pay attention to the career development of the labor force from a new perspective, but rarely take it specifically.
Allocate funds to invest in continuing education.
Second, the impact of quasi-human capital theory on continuing education investment
(A) Marxist political economy
Karl Heinrieh Maix (1818-1883) not only
Inherited some theories of classical economists, and creatively put forward
Many new ideas. His brilliant theory on labor theory of value and surplus value
Description is the most important theoretical basis for the development of continuing education. He believes in law.
Sports is the main source of creating social wealth and the concrete labor creation of human beings.
The use value of goods, abstract labor creates the value of goods; Can improve
Science, technology and education are vital to human intelligence and skills.
Source. At the same time, Marx also put forward the theory of value composition of labor force.
On this basis, he divided labor into productive labor and unproductive labor.
Dynamic and unproductive labor refers to the education, training and maintenance of workers.
The part of the workforce that can work. And fixed capital is product production.
The transfer value of materialized labor consumed, that is, raw materials and fuel consumed.
Materials, auxiliary materials, etc. It is just a transfer price in the production process.
Value, no proliferation, that is to say, no surplus value.
According to Marx, if P' stands for profit rate, C stands for profit rate.
All prepaid capital (c+ filth), then the profit rate p' = m/c = m/(c+)
Shadow). Among them, c is the transfer price of materialized labor consumed in product production.
Value, that is, consumed raw materials, fuels, auxiliary materials, etc. ; As dirty as a laborer
The part of the value created by living labor that is dominated by a single worker, namely
Remuneration paid to workers in the form of wages; I live and work for workers.
Consumption is the value created by the part dominated by society, that is, taxes and profits.
Wait a minute. It can be seen that capitalists can't rely on fixed capital such as raw materials to make profits.
To do this, we must profit from exploiting workers' labor and train workers.
The process of technical level is actually the process of continuing education, which is actually
It is the origin of continuing engineering education. Pursue surplus value or profit
Operation, that is, economic benefits, is the result of capitalists' continuing education for workers.
The most primitive and direct motive force.
(2) Solow growth model
Although neoclassical economic growth theory is later than Mark in history.
Thought it was political economy, but in fact, it was a calendar.
The reversal of history comes down in one continuous line from classical economics, and we can only see the disappearance of things.
People focus on the investment of material capital.
Solow growth model (neoclassical economic growth theory)
Nomie Growth) mainly refers to the American economist Solo Robert.
Robert Thoreau's Theory of Economic Growth
Based on Cobb-Douglas production function, Lowe deduced a new
The growth model. This model assumes: first, the capital-output ratio is acceptable.
Changed; Capital and labor can replace each other; Secondly, the market is completely competitive.
For, the price mechanism plays a major regulatory role; Third, regardless of technology.
Progress and technological change do not affect the capital-output ratio, so the scale gains.
there will be no changes. Mouth and 1-A represent the ratio of capital and labor to total output respectively.
Contribution, AK/K is the capital growth rate; Al/l is the growth rate of labor force, which
The model can be expressed as:
G= mouth AK/K+ (I take a bite) △‖ L.
As can be seen from the above formula, the economic growth rate G consists of capital and labor.
Growth rate and its marginal productivity. According to this model, people can
By adjusting the marginal productivity of production factor input, that is, adjusting capital.
And adjust the ratio of capital output to realize this principle.
Balanced development of thinking. Solow model introduces market mechanism and changes capital.
Based on the assumption that the output ratio is constant, the Harold-Thomas model is established.
Type, but Solo still does not take technological progress as an important factor into the model.
This is a major defect because technological progress promotes economic growth.
What matters is an obvious fact in reality.
It can be seen that although the neoclassical growth model has been modified, this principle
Basically, technological progress or labor force growth is regarded as an exogenous cause.
On the one hand, it regards technological progress as economic growth.
Determinants of length; On the other hand, it assumes that technological progress is external.
Variable and exclude it from consideration, which makes the theory excluded.
The most important factor affecting economic growth.
In short, Marxist political economy has found the source of the mechanism.
Spring provides scientific theoretical guidance for employees' continuing education investment.
However, neoclassical economics attempts to obliterate the value of labor force and try to use it.
The means of "capital and labor can replace each other" is capitalist exploitation.
The restoration of the system is a cover, but in the end, the labor force and the labor force will
Force-related technology is integrated into the model, so that the two theories are one positive and one negative.
It proves the economic value of continuing education and provides a basis for continuing education investment.
More scientific theoretical preparation.
Thirdly, the influence of human capital theory on continuing education investment.
(A) Schultz's research at the macro level
It is generally believed that 1979 Theo, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics.
Theodore W.Schultz (1902- 1998)
1960, he systematically expounded in his speech at the annual meeting of American economics.
This paper introduces the theory of human capital. In fact, before this, Irving fisher (Irving
Fisher, 1867- 1947), published in 1906, Capital
Nature and income "put forward the concept of human capital for the first time and will
Wanfang Data
20 10 19 period 1 continuing education research
It is included in the theoretical framework of economic analysis.
Schultz's greatest contribution to human capital lies in his first systematic.
Successfully put forward the theory of human capital and broke through many obstacles to make it a classic.
A new branch of economics. Schultz also further studied human resources.
The formation of this way and approach, as well as the return rate of education investment and teaching.
The contribution of education to economic growth is quantitatively studied. Therefore, Schultz was
Known as the "father of human capital".
(B) Becker and others in the meso-level research
Contemporary with Schultz and later made outstanding contributions to the theory of human capital.
The main contributors are Becker, Denison and Minsell. They are different from each other.
This paper discusses human capital from the perspective of human capital. Gary becker (Gary
South Becker, 1930 (1) makes up for Schultz's only analysis of the impact of education on the economy.
Macroscopic growth defects are systematically divided into microscopic defects.
The relationship between human capital and personal income distribution is analyzed and studied. 1989. Baker
The characteristic of academic research is that he puts seemingly unrelated phenomena into economics.
Contact economics, and use economic mathematics methods to analyze.
American economist, the father of growth accounting or growth cause analysis, love
Edward fulton denison (19 15)
199 1 year, the factors of American economic growth are analyzed and calculated in detail.
Quantity, he believes that the factors of economic growth in the United States mainly have the following five aspects:
There are two inputs that belong to factors of production: the quantity of labor.
On growth and quality improvement: Amount of capital (including land)
Increase. There are three unit inputs belonging to production factors: resource allocation.
Improve the layout; Economies of scale; Knowledge progress and its role in production
Use. Denison thinks. Knowledge progress can make the same factors of production input.
The quantity of products only needs less investment, while new technologies promote economic growth.
Only when knowledge is improved can it be realized. that
In Chinese, "knowledge progress and application" includes "knowledge progress" and "knowledge application"
The delay time is shortened, which belongs to the unit input of production factors.
Project.
Jacob Minsell, a Jew born in Poland.
Mincer, 1922—2006) separated human capital investment from income for the first time.
Matching, and gives a complete human capital income model, thus
Created another branch of human capital research. Minsell is interested in human resources.
The contribution of this theory can be summarized as three aspects: First, it puts forward manpower.
Capital theory, and use this theory to explain personal income difference and human capital.
The relationship between books; Second, study the labor supply with the theory of human capital.
Problems, especially the behavior of female labor supply; Third, the wage gap.
Relationship with the problem of job transition.
At this point, the theory of human capital as a branch of economics has been
Formed and developed, and applied to enterprises, especially with China.
There are enterprise reform, industrial structure adjustment, economic growth mode transformation and overall planning.
The combination of major policies such as urban and rural development will play a role in increasing revenue and reducing expenditure and encouraging.
Employee growth, technological innovation and the sustainability of enterprises taking the road of connotation development
Keep developing. Progress has been made from macro research to meso research.
Investors in continuing education, especially the national government, are more confident to invest.
Funds for the whole society to support enterprise employees' technology and knowledge renewal projects,
It laid the foundation for the sustainable development of society.
(C) the new economic growth theory
Although neoclassical economic growth theory is to explain sustained economic growth
It leads to exogenous technological progress and population growth rate, but exogenous technology
Progress rate and population growth rate can't explain persistence in theory.
The problem of economic growth.
Since the mid-1980s, Paul Roma,
And the "new growth theory" represented by robert lucas.
(New growth theory), the theory of economic growth after 20 years.
After being silent for more than a year, it came back to life. The focus of the new economic growth theory
One of the main contents is to define the "labor force" in the neoclassical growth model
The meaning extends to investing in human capital, that is, manpower includes not only absolute labor.
The number of troops and the average technical level of the country, but it also includes the labor force.
Education level, production skills training and the cultivation of mutual cooperation ability.
And so on, these are collectively called "human capital". American economist Paul Rowe
Merr 1990 put forward the endogenous growth of technological progress for the first time in theory.
Long model bases economic growth on endogenous technological progress.
The production functions in the new growth theory model are output and capital.
Function forms related to cost, labor, human capital and technological progress, namely
Y=F(K, l, h, t), where l is the total output, and k, l and h are respectively
Physical capital stock, labor input and human capital (intangible capital)
Stock, t stands for time. The influential model is edge proposed by Arrow.
Romer's learning-by-doing model and income-increasing model. Zailuo
In the new economic growth theory put forward by Mo and others, knowledge has been fully valued.
The role of technological progress will be completely endogenous. They believe in growth.
The driving force is the accumulation of knowledge, and the accumulation of capital is not the key to growth. in addition
Someone outside has expanded the extension of the concept of capital, thinking that capital not only
Including material capital and human capital, so capital is still
The key to the growth problem. But the two are essentially the same, both are
Emphasize the accumulation of knowledge, and technological progress is decisive for economic growth.
The qualitative role is knowledge or the carrier of knowledge-human resources.
This has the nature of increasing returns to scale and investment (that is, capital)
The accumulation of this stimulates the accumulation of knowledge, which in turn promotes the accumulation of knowledge.
Become a virtuous circle of investment. This new knowledge-based economic growth
Dragon theory encourages the accumulation of new knowledge and the wide spread of knowledge in the economy.
Use has promoted the development of high-tech revolution and the arrival of knowledge economy era.
Let's go In this process, the key role of capital in economic growth has always been
Give way to knowledge and technological progress.
Summarize the macro and meso human capital theory research, economic circles.
The enlightenment to continuing education is that workers or socially suitable people should carry out it.
Continuing education will have a higher economic return, but the specific population is not.
There is a subdivision, for investors, how to select students, but also
There are no operational indicators.
. Fourthly, the influence of post-human capital theory on continuing education investment.
(A) the study of modern labor economics at the micro level
Wanfang Data
20 continuing education research 20 10No. 1
Modern labor economics has done a lot of research at the micro level.
Workers' training benefits vary in detail in age, gender, education and academic ability.
With the support of data, the investment in continuing education has moved towards a delicate environment.
Boundary. Through the study of "on-the-job training investment in life cycle", this paper gives
Continuing education in higher vocational colleges is a revelation: enterprise users are choosing to continue.
Pay more attention to young staff, male staff and high education when educating students.
Employees and clerks who have worked for about ten years, let enterprise users follow.
Continuing education has the highest return on investment, and continuing education in higher vocational colleges
The quality of training is easier to ensure and can produce better results.
Economic and social benefits.
But we should also give consideration to the right to receive continuing education fairly.
Continuing education in response to the aging stage in China.
The problem of insufficient labor force. Therefore, according to the theory of labor economics,
We should extend the age limit of continuing education and delay the aging of occupations.
The arrival of the period, so that old employees have the opportunity to participate in continuing education.
Education and training, because the update of knowledge and skills will delay their duties.
The aging period of the industry is coming ahead of schedule. In addition, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive employee psychology.
Workers' sense of social responsibility and national mission requires them to keep it at all times.
"An old horse crouches tiger, aiming at a thousand miles" and "Who am I not going to hell?"
The master spirit of "going to hell" will eventually make it possible for everyone to go to heaven.
Tang, that is, to solve the existing problems and reach a new stage of development. while
Of course, there are problems with Heaven, but there are solutions to the problems of the present era.
Experience, facing the problems in the new stage of development, will not be at a loss.
Summarizing the development history of the whole economics, the theory of human capital has grown from scratch,
From macro and meso research to micro research, people's investment in continuing education
It has also gradually changed from unwilling to invest to willing to invest, from general employee investment to
Core employee investment and mutual investment between general employee investment and core employee investment.
Give consideration to both, make investment more rational, investment intention more clear, investment
The method is more scientific and the rate of return is more secure.