/kloc-The Last Lesson, a short story written by French writer Dodd in the 20th century, was translated into Chinese on 1912. Since the 1920s, it has been selected as a Chinese textbook for middle schools in China for a long time, which transcends the barriers of time and different ideologies and is one of the most popular French literary masterpieces in China. Although other works of Dodd have been translated after it, the number is not small; But what China people remember most about Dude is always the Franco-Prussian War, the last lesson. It can be said that the last lesson is the most expressive lesson about dude in Chinese vocabulary, and it can even be used as a synonym for dude and a symbol of "patriotism", which has been compiled into the century-old experience and emotional history of modern China people. In the eyes of the French, the gentle Dodd, who is good at writing southern customs, was replaced by patriotic writers in the context of China. Although literati and scholars once experienced Dodd's charm in Shen Congwen, who wrote about the customs of Xiangxi with mourning feelings and showed their aesthetic response to the French writer born in Provence, to the ordinary China audience, the tenderness of the shepherd under the starlight and Mr. Saigan's goat are distant and unfamiliar, and only The Last Lesson and Dodd have been integrated into the code of patriotism and become a part of our own spiritual wealth. It can be seen that the acceptance of a writer, especially the cross-cultural acceptance of a foreign writer, sometimes emphasizes or ignores a part of this writer, which is the result of the recipient's independent choice and is inextricably linked with the historical and cultural scene in which the recipient is located. Lansen, a French literary historian, once said, "The history of every masterpiece embodies the interest and sensitive history of the people who created it and others who accepted it." Therefore, restoring the historical context involved in cross-cultural reading of a work and examining the reading sensitivity of its original recipients will help to understand the opportunity of this work in different cultures and reveal the significance of the recipients themselves in the localization operation of foreign works.

According to the materials currently available, The Last Lesson translated by Hu Shi (formerly known as LaDernireclasse) is the first Chinese translation of Du De's works. It was first published in Shanghai Grand Republic Daily on June 5, 2002, and translated as Land Cutting. Since then, the same translation has been edited by students studying in the United States, and the Quarterly for Students Studying in the United States published by Zhonghua Book Company in Shanghai was reprinted in the spring issue of 19 15 under the name of land cut. 19 19, Yadong Library published a collection of short stories for translators who have become leaders of the New Culture Movement, and included the original title of the last lesson in the translation. Then, this translation began in the early 1920s. Under the background that vernacular Chinese entered the basic education, it was included in the middle school Chinese textbook published by the Commercial Press, the largest publishing institution in China's modern history. It has become the most widely circulated and influential translation of Du De's works in China, and has participated in the image construction of Du De in the context of China. On 19 15, it was published together with Hu Yi in the Report on the American Study Season, and it was also published in Shanghai. Established in June of 19 14. Saturday, a novel weekly with urban citizens as the object and entertainment as the banner, published the last lecture translated by Ms. Liang Ying. As the readership of Saturday is different from that of the Quarterly Journal of Students Studying in the United States, the appearance of this new translation is of special significance for restoring the reception context of The Last Lesson in China. In addition, during the period of 19 13 between the above two editions, Hunan Education, published in Changsha, published the last lesson marked "Fei's Translation". Although it is found that this translation is only a rewriting of Hu Shi's translation through comparative analysis of the texts, this phenomenon itself and Du De's same work have been repeatedly selected and discovered in less than three years, which is manifested from different levels.

Author Du De was born in 1840 and died in 1897. He is one of the great masters of modern French literature. In Gregorian calendar 1870, France and Prussia began to quarrel, France was defeated, and Guo Pu did everything according to the laws of the East. Entering Paris, France next year, the legal person is exhausted. The compensation is 5 million francs, which is about 2 million for Huayin, covering 5 times of China boxer indemnity Cloud. In addition to compensation, the land in Acina's two provinces was re-cut to make peace with the country. This article, written in the tone of a primary school student in assisi Province, describes the misery of land-cutting, so as to arouse the patriotism of legal persons. Formerly known as "The Last Lesson", this name is even more famous by translators. What is recorded in the United States is September of the first year of the Republic of China.

As far as writing is concerned, France is used to reflect on "our country" everywhere. When it comes to reparations, it is converted into "Huayin" and compared with "Gengzi". For modern China, the "compensation for land ceded" can be said to be an indelible nightmare, and it was the oppression of the fate of "national subjugation" that the translator himself found and felt Dodd. Therefore, the word "cede territory" is intertwined with the emotional history and reality of the recipient, and blurted out under the stimulation of Du De's works. It can almost be said that China's social collective consciousness at that time relied on young Hu Shizhi's "free writing".

At that time, Hu Shi had been studying in boxer indemnity at public expense and had been in the United States for two years. This kind of experience and situation is his unique resource as a translator of The Last Lesson. Although immersed in the "great power wind" of the United States, I gradually developed the feelings of my second hometown, but the worries of my old country have not been slightly reduced. From his diaries and letters at that time, we can often see that his "distant anxiety" moved with the domestic storms. In his letter to his mother, he reported more about foreign countries and described the kindness and academic progress of his friends, although it was difficult to hide his worries about his hometown and his family's embarrassment. In letters to friends of the same generation, in diaries, the threat of "national subjugation" and the pressure of poverty were double swords hanging over the head at that time, especially the poverty felt by American middle class society, which aggravated the appreciation of weak countries and subjugated countries. It can be said that young Hu Shi, as a translator, is experiencing the tragedy of national subjugation and the sorrow of a weak country under a very personal background. In the eyes of China people at that time, he should probably be lucky. Studying abroad with Geng Kuan broke away from the precarious small business or humble teaching position and came to the United States with "fine customs" and "all the winds of a big country". However, this kind of luck is the source that fatally makes him feel the pain of national subjugation: his study abroad itself is the companion of reparations, and his "luck" is the mirror of the misfortune of his home country. Therefore, his status as an international student not only brought him peace and gentleness cultivated by American life, but also made him more keenly feel the emotional significance of ceding land compensation than ordinary China people. This is a ubiquitous oppression, which makes him reflect. Written in the chapters of 19 13 and 19 14, respectively, he witnessed his unique sensitivity to his own situation and the fate of his home country. Therefore, when he was moved by Dodd's novels, he obeyed his own emotional waves, injected his own experience in translation activities, and devoted himself to the translation of Dodd's works.