Wen Yiduo's Simple Life
Wen Yiduo (1899165438+1October 24th-1July 946 15), whose real name is Wen Jiahua, is a famous poet, scholar and patriotic and democratic fighter. Born in Xishui County, Huanggang City, Hubei Province. Family history, love classical poetry and art since childhood.
19 12 was admitted to Tsinghua University, and likes reading China's ancient poems, poems, history books and notes. 19 16 began to publish a series of reading notes in Tsinghua Weekly, collectively called February Lu. Write old-style poems at the same time. 19 19 actively participated in the student movement during the may 4th movement, and once represented the school at the National Student Union Conference (Shanghai).
1April, 920, published the first vernacular "student of the walker". In September of the same year, the first new poem West Bank was published.
192 1 year1kloc-0/year initiated the establishment of Tsinghua Literature Society with Liang Shiqiu and others. In March of the following year, he wrote "Research on Metric Poetry" and began to systematically study the theory of metrical new poetry.
1July, 922, rushed to Chicago Academy of Fine Arts to study. At the end of the year, the Winter Night Grass Review, co-authored with Liang Shiqiu, represented Wen Yiduo's early view of new poetry. The first book of poetry, Red Candle, was published in 1923, which combined the theme of anti-imperialism and patriotism with the form of aestheticism. 1925 After returning to China in May, he successively served as a professor at the 4th National Sun Yat-sen University (1928 was renamed Central University, and 1949 was renamed Nanjing University), Wuhan University (served as the first dean of the Art College and designed the school logo), Qingdao University, Beijing Institute of Art, Political University, Tsinghua University and Southwest Associated University. Former president of Beijing Institute of Art.
The second book of poetry, Dead Water, was published in 1928, showing deep patriotic passion in decadence. Since then, he has devoted himself to the study of classical literature. The study of the four ancient books, Zhouyi, Shijing, Zhuangzi and Chuci, was called "unprecedented, and no one came after" by Guo Moruo.
1937 at the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, he taught at the National Southwest United University. During the eight-year anti-Japanese war, he grew a beard and vowed never to shave it off until the victory of the anti-Japanese war, expressing his determination to fight the war to the end.
During his stay at National Southwest Associated University, especially after 1943, Wen Yiduo, under the influence and leadership of China, actively participated in the torrent of struggle against the dictatorship of the Kuomintang regime and for people's democracy. From 65438 to 0944, he participated in the Southwest Cultural Research Association and later joined the China Democratic League. Since then, he has actively participated in social and political activities as a professor of democracy and a professor of NLD Yunnan Branch, and has become a mentor and friend that the vast number of revolutionary youth sincerely love and respect.
In the "December 1st" patriotic movement of students, Wen Yiduo always stood on the side of patriotic students, guiding and encouraging them to be brave and good at fighting, and made important contributions to the victory of the "December 1st" movement.
Wen Yiduo (1945) was a member of China Democratic League, governor of Yunnan Province and president of Kunming Democracy Weekly. 1946 July 15 At the meeting in memory of Mr. Li Gongpu, he delivered the famous "Last Speech" and was killed by the Kuomintang spy that afternoon.
On 2 1, the National The National SouthWest Associated University Alumni Association held a memorial service for Mr. Yiduo, and Zhu Ziqing attended and spoke. At first, he said angrily: the assassination of Mr. Wen Yiduo in Kunming aroused the indignation of the whole country. This is a great loss for the democratic movement and the academic circles in China.
Then, he described Wen Yiduo's great contribution in the academic field in detail. First of all, it tells people that Wen Yiduo was "the only patriotic poet" and "the person who created a new poetic rhythm" before the Anti-Japanese War in China, and "he created his own language of poetry and prose". Wen Yiduo's achievements in myth, Chu Ci, Zhouyi and Book of Songs are also introduced in detail. He highlighted Wen Yiduo's great academic achievements, with the purpose of telling people how precious scholars were killed by the Kuomintang reactionaries and how rare talents were destroyed in China academic circles! Aroused greater resentment against the enemy. Finally, he said bitterly, he has great vitality. He often told us that he would live to be 80 years old, and now he is less than 48 years old, and he died miserably at that despicable and vicious gun! A student once looked at his body and saw that he was "covered in blood, holding his head in his hands and convulsing all over". Alas! He doesn't want to, and neither do we!
He made up his mind that all Wen Yiduo's works must be sorted out and published, which is a way to fight against the enemy. He is writing a letter to Yao Yao, a student, saying: The death of Mr. Yiduo is very sad. Its manuscript is planned to be compiled by the institute and tried to be printed. Later, it was compiled into four volumes of Wen Yiduo's Complete Works.
Zhu Ziqing once wrote poems praising Wen Yiduo:
You are the flame that illuminates the abyss; Teach young people to catch themselves in disappointment. You are a fire, illuminating the ancient times; Songs and dances and competitions are like tigers. You are the fire that illuminates the devil; Burn yourself! There is a new China in the embers!
Wen Yiduo's two turns:
1. From Wild to Quiet
19 12 years, Wen Yiduo, who was only 13 years old, came to Tsinghua University from a wealthy family in rural Hubei and began to get in touch with western culture. 1922 He went to the United States to study, specializing in fine arts. From being admitted to Tsinghua to returning from studying in the United States on 1925, Wen Yiduo was basically immersed in art and literature, but occasionally dabbled in politics.
After returning to China for nearly two years, what Wen Yiduo heard and witnessed was conspiracy, war and massacre. In the face of the national catastrophe, he could no longer restrain his grief and indignation, and published poems full of patriotic passion and denouncing social reality, such as Contribution, Sin, Take Back, You Swear by the Sun, Heartbeat and One Word. But after the eruption of the volcano, he felt helpless, and finally embarked on the traditional old road of a man, hiding in the study and drilling into the pile of old paper, becoming a calm scholar who didn't ask much about the world and just wanted to be independent.
2. From a "liberal scholar" to a fighter
The outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression fundamentally changed the situation of academic intellectuals such as Wen Yiduo. During the great transfer from Beijing to Kunming, Wen Yiduo participated in a walking group, which lasted more than two months and walked more than 3,000 miles in Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces. A true understanding of the life of the lower classes of society laid an opportunity for his ideological transformation. At the same time, his own living standard dropped sharply and he became poor rapidly, which made a very important change in his perspective.
Wen Yiduo's change began with the release of "The Destiny of China" by Chiang Kai-shek in the spring of 1943. In this book, Chiang Kai-shek openly preached the absolutism of one party, one doctrine and one leader. He opposed communism, but he could not tolerate liberalism. He thought that both of them were "the biggest crisis of cultural aggression and the biggest hidden danger of national spirit". This is unacceptable to people who have always believed in democracy and freedom. Wen Yiduo wrote: "The publication of Destiny of China is a very important key for me personally. I was shocked by the boxer spirit. Is that what our wise leader thinks? The May 4th Movement had a profound influence on me. The fate of China openly challenges the May Fourth Movement, and I can't stand it anyway. "
Soon, Wen Yiduo came across some poems written by Yan 'an poets in the field and was deeply shocked by their fighting spirit. He immediately wrote "Drummer of the Times-Reading Poetry in the Field" and published it publicly, which caused a wave in the rear area. Then he wrote a series of essays about reality and began to shout. At the same time, he eagerly read all kinds of left-leaning books to get a deeper understanding of * * *. Zhao Chaogou left a deep impression on Yan 'an by describing that there were only "four police supervisors" in Yan 'an in January. He believed that "only under such a new social order can young people receive democratic education without hindrance."
Wen Yiduo, a poet with romantic temperament, changed rapidly and thoroughly. He secretly joined NLD in the summer of 1944 under the introduction of Luo Longji and Wu Han, and said that he would definitely ask to join * * * in the future. From then on, he devoted himself wholeheartedly to the democratic movement under the secret leadership of communist party. Of course, deep down in his heart, he can't completely forget his scholarship. He told people many times that he felt a little empty and hoped to realize political democracy, and then went back to his study to study hard for ten or twenty years. But this is impossible. 1On July 5th, 946, after bravely giving his last speech, he was assassinated in the streets of Kunming.
China poet, scholar of literature and history. There are also many names, the word "friend" and the word "friend mountain". The family ranking is Jiahua. Later, I changed my name a lot, and then I changed my name a lot. Born in Hubei province, Xishui. 19 12 was admitted to Tsinghua University. He was the editor-in-chief of Tsinghua Weekly and Tsinghua Student Affairs Office, and published many old-school poems. 1July, 920, the first new poem "West Coast" was published, and new poems kept coming. Most of the early poems were free poems, showing aestheticism tendency and beautiful style. 192 1 year 1 1 month, Tsinghua Literature Society was established and became an important member. In the same year, from 65438 to February, he gave an academic lecture on "Research on Metric Poetry" in Tsinghua Literature Society, and wrote "Research on the Bottom of Metric Poetry" the following year, and began to conduct systematic theoretical research on the metrical poetry. From 65438 to 0922, he went to the United States to study painting, literature, China classical poetry and modern English poetry. In the meantime, he wrote and published poems such as Song of the Sun and Lonely Goose to express his thoughts about his motherland. He also published influential new poetry reviews such as "Goddess's Spirit of the Times" in Creation Weekly. 1923 after publishing the first new poetry collection "Red Candle", he began to devote himself to the creation of new poetry. From 65438 to 0925, he returned to China from the United States and taught at Beijing Institute of Art, becoming the main contributor to the Morning Post Supplement Poetry edited by Xu Zhimo. 1926 published the paper "Metrics of Poetry", proposing that new poetry should have "the beauty of music (syllables), the beauty of painting (words) and the beauty of architecture (symmetrical sections and uniform sentences)". Created a new school of metrical poetry and influenced many later poets. I like reading China's ancient poems, poems, history books and notes. 19 16 began to publish a series of reading notes in Tsinghua Weekly, collectively called February Lu. Write old-style poems at the same time. 19 19 actively participated in the student movement during the may 4th movement, and once represented the school at the National Student Union Conference (Shanghai).
1April, 920, published the first vernacular "student of the walker". In September of the same year, the first new poem West Bank was published.
192 1 year1kloc-0/year initiated the establishment of Tsinghua Literature Society with Liang Shiqiu and others. In March of the following year, he wrote "Research on Metric Poetry" and began to systematically study the theory of metrical new poetry.
1July, 922, rushed to Chicago Academy of Fine Arts to study. At the end of the year, the Winter Night Grass Review, co-authored with Liang Shiqiu, represented Wen Yiduo's early view of new poetry. The first book of poetry, Red Candle, was published in 1923, which combined the theme of anti-imperialism and patriotism with the form of aestheticism. 1925 After returning to China in May, he successively served as a professor at the 4th National Sun Yat-sen University (1928 was renamed Central University, and 1949 was renamed Nanjing University), Wuhan University (served as the first dean of the Art College and designed the school logo), Qingdao University, Beijing Institute of Art, Political University, Tsinghua University and Southwest Associated University. Former president of Beijing Institute of Art.
The second book of poetry, Dead Water, was published in 1928, showing deep patriotic passion in decadence. Since then, he has devoted himself to the study of classical literature. The study of the four ancient books, Zhouyi, Shijing, Zhuangzi and Chuci, was called "unprecedented, and no one came after" by Guo Moruo.
1937 at the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, he taught at the National Southwest United University. During the eight-year anti-Japanese war, he grew a beard and vowed never to shave it off until the victory of the anti-Japanese war, expressing his determination to fight the war to the end.
During his stay at National Southwest Associated University, especially after 1943, Wen Yiduo, under the influence and leadership of China, actively participated in the torrent of struggle against the dictatorship of the Kuomintang regime and for people's democracy. From 65438 to 0944, he participated in the Southwest Cultural Research Association and later joined the China Democratic League. Since then, he has actively participated in social and political activities as a professor of democracy and a professor of NLD Yunnan Branch, and has become a mentor and friend that the vast number of revolutionary youth sincerely love and respect.
In the "December 1st" patriotic movement of students, Wen Yiduo always stood on the side of patriotic students, guiding and encouraging them to be brave and good at fighting, and made important contributions to the victory of the "December 1st" movement.
Wen Yiduo (1945) was a member of China Democratic League, governor of Yunnan Province and president of Kunming Democracy Weekly. 1946 July 15 At the meeting in memory of Mr. Li Gongpu, he delivered the famous "Last Speech" and was killed by the Kuomintang spy that afternoon.
On 2 1, the National The National SouthWest Associated University Alumni Association held a memorial service for Mr. Yiduo, and Zhu Ziqing attended and spoke. At first, he said angrily: the assassination of Mr. Wen Yiduo in Kunming aroused the indignation of the whole country. This is a great loss for the democratic movement and the academic circles in China.
Then, he described Wen Yiduo's great contribution in the academic field in detail. First of all, it tells people that Wen Yiduo was "the only patriotic poet" and "the person who created a new poetic rhythm" before the Anti-Japanese War in China, and "he created his own language of poetry and prose". Wen Yiduo's achievements in myth, Chu Ci, Zhouyi and Book of Songs are also introduced in detail. He highlighted Wen Yiduo's great academic achievements, with the purpose of telling people how precious scholars were killed by the Kuomintang reactionaries and how rare talents were destroyed in China academic circles! Aroused greater resentment against the enemy. Finally, he said bitterly, he has great vitality. He often told us that he would live to be 80 years old, and now he is less than 48 years old, and he died miserably at that despicable and vicious gun! A student once looked at his body and saw that he was "covered in blood, holding his head in his hands and convulsing all over". Alas! He doesn't want to, and neither do we!
He made up his mind that all Wen Yiduo's works must be sorted out and published, which is a way to fight against the enemy. He is writing a letter to Yao Yao, a student, saying: The death of Mr. Yiduo is very sad. Its manuscript is planned to be compiled by the institute and tried to be printed. Later, it was compiled into four volumes of Wen Yiduo's Complete Works.
Zhu Ziqing once wrote poems praising Wen Yiduo:
You are the flame that illuminates the abyss; Teach young people to catch themselves in disappointment. You are a fire, illuminating the ancient times; Songs and dances and competitions are like tigers. You are the fire that illuminates the devil; Burn yourself! There is a new China in the embers!
Wen Yiduo's two turns:
1. From Wild to Quiet
19 12 years, Wen Yiduo, who was only 13 years old, came to Tsinghua University from a wealthy family in rural Hubei and began to get in touch with western culture. 1922 He went to the United States to study, specializing in fine arts. From being admitted to Tsinghua to returning from studying in the United States on 1925, Wen Yiduo was basically immersed in art and literature, but occasionally dabbled in politics.
After returning to China for nearly two years, what Wen Yiduo heard and witnessed was conspiracy, war and massacre. In the face of the national catastrophe, he could no longer restrain his grief and indignation, and published poems full of patriotic passion and denouncing social reality, such as Contribution, Sin, Take Back, You Swear by the Sun, Heartbeat and One Word. But after the eruption of the volcano, he felt helpless, and finally embarked on the traditional old road of a man, hiding in the study and drilling into the pile of old paper, becoming a calm scholar who didn't ask much about the world and just wanted to be independent.
2. From a "liberal scholar" to a fighter
The outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression fundamentally changed the situation of academic intellectuals such as Wen Yiduo. During the great transfer from Beijing to Kunming, Wen Yiduo participated in a walking group, which lasted more than two months and walked more than 3,000 miles in Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces. A true understanding of the life of the lower classes of society laid an opportunity for his ideological transformation. At the same time, his own living standard dropped sharply and he became poor rapidly, which made a very important change in his perspective.
Wen Yiduo's change began with the release of "The Destiny of China" by Chiang Kai-shek in the spring of 1943. In this book, Chiang Kai-shek openly preached the absolutism of one party, one doctrine and one leader. He opposed communism, but he could not tolerate liberalism. He thought that both of them were "the biggest crisis of cultural aggression and the biggest hidden danger of national spirit". This is unacceptable to people who have always believed in democracy and freedom. Wen Yiduo wrote: "The publication of Destiny of China is a very important key for me personally. I was shocked by the boxer spirit. Is that what our wise leader thinks? The May 4th Movement had a profound influence on me. The fate of China openly challenges the May Fourth Movement, and I can't stand it anyway. "
Soon, Wen Yiduo came across some poems written by Yan 'an poets in the field and was deeply shocked by their fighting spirit. He immediately wrote "Drummer of the Times-Reading Poetry in the Field" and published it publicly, which caused a wave in the rear area. Then he wrote a series of essays about reality and began to shout. At the same time, he eagerly read all kinds of left-leaning books to get a deeper understanding of * * *. Zhao Chaogou left a deep impression on Yan 'an by describing that there were only "four police supervisors" in Yan 'an in January. He believed that "only under such a new social order can young people receive democratic education without hindrance."
Wen Yiduo, a poet with romantic temperament, changed rapidly and thoroughly. He secretly joined NLD in the summer of 1944 under the introduction of Luo Longji and Wu Han, and said that he would definitely ask to join * * * in the future. From then on, he devoted himself wholeheartedly to the democratic movement under the secret leadership of communist party. Of course, deep down in his heart, he can't completely forget his scholarship. He told people many times that he felt a little empty and hoped to realize political democracy, and then went back to his study to study hard for ten or twenty years. However, this cannot be achieved. 1946 On July 5th, he was assassinated in the streets of Kunming after bravely delivering his "final speech".
Wen Yiduo is a giant with a big mouth and high standards.
Bibliography of works:
Review on Winter Night Grass and Liang Shiqiu, 1922, Tsinghua Literature Society.
Red candle (poetry anthology) 1923, Taitung; 198 1, humanities
Dead water (poetry anthology) 1928, new moon; 1980, humanities
Complete Works of Wen Yiduo (Volume 1-4) 1948, Enlightened; Sanlian 1982
Wen Yiduo's Selected Works 195 1, Enlightened
Selected Poems of Wen Yiduo 1955, Humanities
Wen Yiduo's Poems and Songs of Youth, 1983, from Yunnan.
Wen Yiduo on New Poetry (Comment) 1985, Wuhan University Press.
Addendum to Chuci (A Study of Classical Literature) 1942, Chongqing Ethnic Books Publishing House.
Myth and Poetry (Study of Classical Literature) 1956, Ancient Books.
Classical New Meaning (Volume I, Study of Classical Literature) 1956, Ancient Books.
Anthology of Tang Poetry (Study of Classical Literature) 1956, Ancient Books.
Wen Yiduo on Classical Literature 1984, Chongqing Publishing House.
Interpretation of the Shanghai ancient book Lisao (a study of classical literature) 1985.
The last speech (Wen Yiduo)
These days, as we all know, the most despicable thing happened in Kunming! What crime did Mr. Li commit and was killed by this? He just writes with a pen and speaks with his mouth, but what he writes and says is nothing more than the words of a China person who has not lost his conscience! Everyone has a pen and a mouth, there is no reason to say it! Show me the facts! (Mr. Wen's voice is excited) Why do you want to fight and kill, but dare not fight and kill aboveboard, but secretly assassinate! (Applause) What is this? (Applause)
Are there any spies here today? You stand up! This is the hero's. Stand Up! You come out and talk! Why did you kill Mr. Li? (Harsh voice, warm applause) Killing people, but afraid to admit it, and slandering people, saying "the peach affair", saying that * * * killed * * *, shameless! Shameless! (Applause warmly) This is the shame of a certain group and the glory of Mr. Li! Kunming assassinated Mr. Li, which is the glory left by Mr. Li to Kunming! It is also the glory of Kunming people! (Applause)
Last year, in order to oppose the civil war, young students in Kunming were massacred. People think that the younger generation gave their most precious lives! Now Mr. Li was assassinated by reactionaries for democracy and peace. We are proud to say that this is the older generation like me, our old comrades-in-arms, who gave their most precious lives! These two things happened in Kunming, which is the infinite glory of Kunming! (Applause)
After the news that the reactionaries assassinated Mr. Li came out, everyone was filled with indignation and hated it. I thought to myself, these shameless things, I don't know what they think, what their psychological state is, and how long their hearts are! (striking table) It's actually very simple. They are so crazy to create terror. They panicked themselves! I'm scared! So they create terror, in fact, they are in terror! Agents, think about it. How many days do you have? You're done! You're almost finished! Do you think that by hurting a few people and killing a few people, you can get away with it and scare the people? In fact, the broad masses of the people will not fight and kill! If so, there will be no one in the world.
You killed a Li Gongpu, and millions of people in Li Gongpu will stand up! You will lose millions of people! Do you think we are few and have no strength? I tell you, our strength is great, very strong! Look at these people who are here today. They are all our people and our strength! In addition, there are the general public! We have this confidence: the power of the people will prevail and the truth will always exist. There is no force against the people in history that has not been eliminated by the people! Didn't Hitler and Mussolini both fall before the people? Look at history, how many days can you stand! You're done! You're almost finished! Here comes our light. We see the light in front of us, and now it is the darkest time before dawn. We have the power to break the darkness and fight for the light! Our light is the end of reactionaries! (Applause)
Mr. Li's blood will not flow in vain! Mr. Li lost his life and we must pay for it. The "December 1st" four martyrs fell, and the blood of young soldiers was exchanged for the convening of the political consultative conference; Now that Mr. Li has fallen, his blood will be exchanged for the reopening of the CPPCC meeting! (Applause warmly) We have this confidence! (Applause)
"1 February1day" is the glory of Kunming and Yunnan people. Yunnan has a glorious history, as far as defending the country and defending the country, needless to say, as close as "December 1st", which belongs to the people of Yunnan. We should carry forward the glorious history of Yunnan! (Accepted by the audience)
The reactionaries sow dissension and are despicable. You see, the General Assembly is gone, and the students are on summer vacation. Do you think we have no strength? Agents. You are wrong! Look, more than 1000 young people present today shook hands again. We young people in Kunming will never let you go on like this!
Reactionaries, you can see one fall, and you can also see thousands of Qian Qian fall!
Justice can't be killed, because truth always exists! (Applause)
The task given to Kunming by history is to strive for democracy and peace, and we young people in Kunming must complete this task!
We are not afraid of death, we have the spirit of sacrifice! Just like Mr. Li, we always step out of the gate with our front feet and are not ready to step into the gate with our back feet! (Long and warm applause)