According to historical records. According to Records of the Third World and Zhou Benji, the emperor gave birth to Xuantao, Xuantao gave birth to Ji Jiao and Ji Jiao gave birth to Di Ku. Hou Ji was born (Hou Ji's name has been abolished), and he was made a benefactor by Shun Di, the ancestor of the early Zhou Dynasty. Hou Ji's grandson? (Dan) Father (Zhou) was forced by virtue to lead his people to migrate from Taitai to Xiazhouyuan, Qishan, Shaanxi Province, and was called Zhou Zu from now on. Ji Fa, the great-grandson of ancient Qi Huangong, inherited his father Ji Chang's legacy, united with the governors, attacked and destroyed the Shang Dynasty, and established the Zhou Dynasty, known as the Western Zhou Dynasty in history. The Western Zhou Dynasty lasted 13, and by the time of the Zhou Dynasty, it moved its capital to Luoyang in 770 BC, known as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Pingwang had a son named Ji Lie, who changed his name to Runan (now Henan). The locals called him Zhou Jia, and later he became Zhou. After Ping Wang, it spread to Zhou Nanwang, the 24th king, and was wiped out by Qin in 256 BC. The royal family, headed by Yunwang, was abandoned and moved to Afraid Fox (now northwest of Linru Line in Henan Province). Locals also call it Zhou, so they take "Zhou" as their surname. This is the chronicle of Zheng Qiao. Genealogy said: "King Kun was destroyed by Qin, but he was a civilian. Because of his ignorance, he was called Zhou. Besides, Ping Wang's son is not called Wang, but Zhou. " In addition, during the reign of King Zhuang of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the descendants of Duke Ji Dan of Zhou tried to kill Duke Zhuang, and established the Prince Family, and were killed. His descendants, also known as Zhou, also came from Ji's surname Zhou.
Another surname of Zhou was changed by ethnic minorities, that is, the second brother of the Northern Wei Dynasty was originally Platts, and Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang, changing Xianbei to Han and Zhou.
In addition to the above sources, the Zhou surname was changed in the Northern Zhou, Tang and Shi Dynasties, and there were also impersonators.
According to the distinction between ancient and modern surnames, "Ji Liefeng was given the surname Zhou after being given in Runan" and later developed into a famous family, so Zhou took "Runan" as the county name. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the Zhou ancestral hall was continued, and Zhou Ren, the grandson of Zhou Yi, was given the title of country. Later, he "buried himself and moved to Ancheng". Rucheng is in the north of Ye County, Henan Province, and Ancheng is on the Pingyu Line of Henan Province. This shows that this branch of Zhou mainly developed and multiplied in Henan in the early days. Zhou (a branch) was originally from Linru, Henan Province. During the Qin Dynasty, someone moved to Peixian County, Jiangsu Province, and became a local surname. The ministers, Zhou Yafu and others in the early Western Han Dynasty all belonged to this branch. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the capital (Luoyang 0) was disturbed by Dong Zhuo, and a large number of people in the Central Plains moved eastward to Xuzhou and then crossed south. Among them, one of the Zhou family moved from Runan to Lujiang, Anhui. During the Yongjia period of the Western Jin Dynasty, the gentry of the Central Plains moved south with the Jin family, and one of them moved to Gushu (now Dangtu, Anhui Province), surnamed Chen (now Shenqiu, Henan Province). During the reign of the general manager, Zheng Chen and Chen Yuanguang entered Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, and the Zhou family of Zhongyuan was among the entourage, which was the first one to enter Fujian. Now, people surnamed Zhou from Henan entered Fujian with Wang Chao and Wang. Zhou, the wife of Emperor Jian of Shu five dynasties ago, was born in Xuzhou (now Xuchang, Henan). During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Zhou Dequan's brothers went to Shu with Wang Jian. Zhou Bida, Minister of Southern Song Dynasty, was born in Luling, Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi), claiming that his ancestors were from Guancheng, Zhengzhou. According to the genealogy of Zhou family in Runan, the Zhou family in Runan moved directly to Shibi Township, Ninghua, Fujian, and the other family moved to Yongding (now northwest of Hengxian County, Guangxi). From the reign of Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, the Zhou family in Fujian, Guangdong and China moved to Taiwan Province Province one after another, and then many people went abroad to make a living.
The Zhou family is not only widely distributed, but also developed into a famous family in many places. According to Yuan He Xing Cuan, during Yuan He years in Tang Dynasty, there were as many as 18 counties named Zhou, namely: Runan Ancheng, Guo Pei, Chenliu, Xunyang, Linchuan, Lujiang, Taishan, Huainan, Yong 'an, Hejian Wen 'an, Linru, Huayin, Hedong Fenyin, Qinghe, and so on. Except for Guo Pei and Chang 'an, whose Zhou surname was descended from Zhou Nanwang, and Henan, whose Zhou surname was changed to Xianbei, most of them were descended from Zhou people after the Western Han Dynasty entered Shu. Zhou people have 65,438+00 sons, and his eldest son, Zhou Yan, the great-grandson of Zhou Qiu, has rich descendants. Divide into many branches. Zhou Yan's son, Zhou Zhong, settled in the local area because he was the satrap of Mount Tai, forming the Zhou family of Mount Tai. The Zhou family in Yong 'an also came from later times. There were two people in the Tang Dynasty, namely Zhou Yunyuan and Prime Minister Zhou Yong, who were descendants of Wu Zetian. In addition, Chen Liuzhou's genealogy of Zhou family also has ancestral homes in Runan, Xunyang, Linchuan, Lujiang, Huainan, Wen 'an and Fenyin. They are all called "descendants of Zhou people". It can be seen that Zhou Zuji was born in Henan.
In the long historical years, Zhou celebrities came forth in large numbers, or their names went down in history or passed down from generation to generation. According to statistics, there are 276 biographies of Zhou in the 24-year history, including 6 10 in China Personal Names Dictionary and 47/kloc-0 in China Contemporary Who's Who. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Zhou Wen (that is, Zhang Zhou), a native of Chen County (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), took part in the peasant uprising led by Chen Sheng, served as a general in the Zhang Chu regime, and led the main force to attack Guanzhong. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, there was an official named Zhou Chang, an ancient scholar, who was named Yin Hou. Qin Gui came from the Liu Bang Uprising, took the military as the general, and was named Jiang Hou. At that time, he was Qiu. Later, he conspired to seize power with Chen Pingding, Lu Chan and others, met Emperor Wen and became the right prime minister. Liu bang thinks that he is "thick and talkative, but he who is at peace with Liu Xiang' an will be rich." Zhou Yafu, the son of Zhou Bo, was a famous soldier in the Western Han Dynasty. When King Jing was Emperor Tai, he took the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms as prime minister. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhou Yu, a famous general of the State of Wu, and Sun Quan, a former governor at that time, personally led Wu Jun to defeat Cao Bing in Chibi. Fine music, at that time, there was a saying that "Zhou Lang (Zhou Yu) managed the wrong music". There is a saying in the Jin Dynasty that Zhong Cheng and the Shang government shot the Book of Changes at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, there were Shang Cheng Zhou Xing, painter Zhou Fa and city envoy, and the officials who named the city ship were the most recorded in the existing history books. In the Five Dynasties, there was a painter Zhou Wenju in the Southern Tang Dynasty. There were philosophers Zhou Dunyi and poets Zhou Bangyan in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there was a minister, Zhou Bida, who served as the official of Chinese calligraphy, the envoy of the Tang Dynasty and the left prime minister. He serves the national interests and does not shy away from dignitaries as their agents. He has created various military trials to purge the military and government. There is also a careful poet, compiled in "Wonderful Words". He is the author of Old Wulin Stories and so on. In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhou Daguan visited Zhenla with the envoy of the Yuan Dynasty and wrote the Record of Zhenla. There is also a phonologist Zhou Deqing. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhou Chen, a native of Jishui, Jiangxi Province, personally investigated the reasons for tax arrears when he was the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry as the governor of Jiangnan, and eliminated the long-standing abuses, which made the strongmen dare not owe taxes and the grain chiefs dissatisfied. He also called for reducing heavy taxes, dredging Wujiang River and building agricultural warehouses to prevent disasters. For 22 years, he was a great writer. There are also Zhou Keliang, the leader of Guangxi miners' uprising, painters Chen Zhou and Zhou Zhimian, the anthology Zhou Shunchang, a collection of Chinese and foreign ministers who were tortured to death for reprimanding Wei Zhongxian, Zhou Yanru, a record of Chongzhen, and Zhou Yuji, the company commander of Shanxi. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was a scholar named Zhou Chegong in southern Henan. Zhou Ji, a poet and critic in Qing Dynasty, edited Selected Poems of Song Sijia and wrote Debate on Ci. Zhou, assistant minister of the right punishments department, can also write ci, and has written Mugetu Ci. There is also the famous Go Player Week in Qianlong period and the National Player Week in the late Qing Dynasty. There are also Zhou Lichun, the leader of farmers' struggle against grain in Qingpu (now Shanghai), and Zhou Xiuying, the female leader of Shanghai Xiaodaohui Uprising Army. In modern times, there were Zhou, a bureaucrat capitalist, a participant in the August 1st Nanchang Uprising, the commander of the Fourth Military Division of Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei, Zhou Yiqun, one of the founders of the revolution and base areas in western Hunan and Hubei, Zhou Weijiong, one of the founders of the Red Army and revolutionary base areas in southeastern Hubei, and famous chess players. The most famous person surnamed Zhou is Zhou Enlai, a great Marxism–Leninism native, an outstanding party and state leader, and one of the founders of China People's Liberation Army.
According to the research of experts from the Institute of Genetics of China Academy of Sciences, Zhou is the ninth surname in China today. Zhou surname is not only widely distributed in the north and south of China, but also migrated to Europe, America, Southeast Asia and many other countries and regions in the world. Chinese surnamed Zhou living abroad have made positive contributions to the local progress and prosperity, and many outstanding figures have emerged. For example, Zhou Yading, a famous Chinese lawyer in the United States, Zhou Weitai, deputy director of the Education Bureau of Iowa, and Zhou Weitai, the publishing king of Indonesia.