Job burnout in a broad sense includes poor professional adaptability of teachers in the early career. New teachers feel at a loss because of the difficulty in changing their roles and identities. Without proper help and support, they will have a strong sense of pressure, frustration and frustration, reduce their self-confidence, get bored with their professional life prematurely, and even have the idea of quitting their teaching career. Therefore, at this stage, they should be provided with necessary support, assistance, consultation and training.
Second, the reasons that affect the formation of preschool teachers' job burnout
(A) the impact of social factors:
1, the social and economic benefits given to preschool teachers are low.
The economic treatment of teachers refers to the level of wages and material benefits given to teachers by society. Although the treatment of teachers has been continuously improved in recent years, it is still low compared with other occupations; Teachers also generally believe that the remuneration from their labor is not commensurate with the lofty mission entrusted to them by parents and society, which makes teachers feel unbalanced and leads to teachers' job burnout. UNESCO pointed out in the Proposal on Teachers' Status that "teachers' salaries should reflect the importance of education to society, thus reflecting the importance of teachers and all the responsibilities that teachers shoulder from the day they assume teaching responsibilities; It should be more generous than the wages paid to other occupations that require similar or equivalent qualifications. "1 However, there are still many systems that have not been implemented in China, especially the wages of kindergarten teachers are pitiful.
2. Prestige and status of preschool teachers in society are low.
Social prestige is a comprehensive evaluation of the significance, value and reputation of a profession by public opinion, which is highly subjective. Professional prestige reflects a society's evaluation level of a profession, and then determines people's attitude of affirmation or negation, respect or contempt for this profession. In September 2005, a survey conducted by the Social Investigation Center of China Youth Daily through CCTV information showed that 56.0% of the national 1230 respondents thought that the social prestige of teachers had "declined" compared with 20 years ago. 36.4% people hold the opposite view that the professional reputation of teachers has "risen"; There are also 7.7% people who think that "nothing has changed". The survey also pointed out that the degree of respect for teachers decreases with the improvement of education level. "More respect" for preschool teachers, accounting for 30.0%; Primary school teachers are 25.2%; Middle school teachers are 23.7%; University teachers are the lowest, 2 1. 1%[3]. However, the author found that the social status of preschool teachers is still at a low level. 2
3. The influence of new requirements and high expectations brought by social changes on teachers.
Nowadays, it is difficult for social graduates to find jobs, which makes parents' expectations for their children particularly high. Putting this expectation on the school and then passing it on to the teacher is becoming heavier and heavier. The heavy burden has overwhelmed many teachers, who have to sacrifice their holidays or rest time at night, which further increases their loneliness. In addition, the input and output of education are often extremely disproportionate, and teachers pay more, while students' grades are not significant, which may lead to teachers' professional disappointment. If this is the case for a long time, it will inevitably make teachers lose their enthusiasm for work and produce job burnout.
(2) The influence of working environment and working system
1. The work in kindergartens is too much and too repetitive, which makes preschool teachers prone to job burnout.
Desk work takes up a lot of teachers' rest time, which is the most direct reason for the long working hours and heavy workload of preschool teachers. According to statistics, every kindergarten teacher has 17 kinds of desk work every semester, with various names. It is understood that kindergarten teachers work at their desks for more than 10 hours per week on average, and 58.25% of them often do kindergarten work at home. According to the survey, there is a serious phenomenon of over-belt in kindergartens, that is, there are often more than 5-20 children in a class. There are too many children in the class, which will inevitably increase the workload of teachers. Faced with so many children with extremely low self-control, it is very difficult for teachers to organize an activity. Even in normal activities, it is very painful to stay in a noisy environment for several hours. According to the regulations of the higher authorities, kindergarten teachers must participate in professional training for a certain period of time every year in order to obtain a large number of certificates. To obtain these certificates, kindergarten teachers must take part in various trainings in their spare time.
2. The imperfect evaluation system of kindergarten and preschool teachers constitutes one of the reasons for preschool teachers' job burnout.
For a long time, educational evaluation has influenced the direction of preschool education and the ideas and behaviors of preschool teachers. If teachers' work is positively evaluated, they will devote themselves to their work with greater enthusiasm and energy. At present, the evaluation system of preschool teachers in China is not perfect: one is the lack of unified evaluation standards, and the other is the simple and unified evaluation methods. The results are basically reflected in the rewards and punishments for kindergarten teachers, and have not achieved the real evaluation purpose.
3. The way of kindergarten management system is also one of the important factors that affect teachers' mental health.
Some kindergarten management lacks democracy and shows insufficient concern for kindergarten teachers who are the main body of people, which often affects the enthusiasm and enthusiasm of kindergarten teachers, increases work pressure, and thus produces burnout psychology. In fact, every kindergarten teacher wants to be appreciated by the leaders, and needs to give himself a chance to "recharge", but he can't get the real learning and training he wants, which leads to the unsatisfactory professional development of kindergarten teachers. And to some extent, it weakens the enthusiasm of work and leads to job burnout.
4. The influence of age class and kindergarten system on teachers' job burnout.
Many studies have confirmed that in primary and secondary schools, the higher the grade of students, the easier it is for teachers to feel tired. Senior high school teachers are more likely to have job burnout than junior high school teachers. No similar situation was found in the investigation of preschool teachers in Hailaer District of Hulunbeier City. There is no significant difference in the incidence of job burnout among teachers of all ages. The difference between teachers' job burnout in public kindergartens and private kindergartens is not obvious, but private kindergartens are more likely to show job burnout than teachers in public kindergartens because of the shortage of teachers and poor working environment.
Thirdly, the influence of job burnout on the physical and mental health of preschool teachers.
If teachers' job burnout exists in a kindergarten for a long time, it will not only bring bad influence to preschool teachers themselves, but also affect the development of children and kindergartens.
(A) the negative impact of preschool teachers' job burnout on themselves
For preschool teachers, the negative effects of long-term job burnout are mainly manifested in three aspects: the physiological, psychological and behavioral effects of preschool teachers:
1, physiological diseases increased.
A large number of studies show that excessive stress will make patients' heart beat faster, blood pressure rise and endocrine disorder, which will lead to energy failure, skin peeling, digestive dysfunction, stomach disease, heart disease, stroke and other diseases. Among the occupational diseases of teachers, the incidence of pharyngitis and spinal diseases reached the highest level in history, 40% and 20%.
2, psychological and emotional instability, affecting mental health.
Excessive occupational stress will lead to negative emotional reactions, such as inexplicable anxiety, depression, melancholy, irritability, depression, anxiety, pessimism, self-pity, etc. This will weaken the moral and emotional norms of preschool teachers and reduce their sense of self-efficacy.
3. Negative behaviors have increased.
It is characterized by impulsiveness, lack of energy, emotional disorder, and decreased interest and enthusiasm. And serious situations are reflected in work such as slackness, corporal punishment of children, job hopping, early retirement and so on. The negative effects of occupational stress on preschool teachers' physiology, psychology and behavior are interactive and malignant. Excessive occupational stress will also have a deeper impact on the persuasion teachers themselves-job burnout.
(2) The influence of preschool teachers' job burnout on children's physical and mental health development.
The so-called teaching is the interactive learning process between teachers and students, and teachers play a leading role. Especially for children aged 2-6, this role of teachers is more obvious. Eriksson's theory of stages of personality development points out that individuals go through eight stages from birth to death, and the smooth development of each stage provides the foundation for the development of the next stage. The first three stages are 1 ~ 6 years old, which are: basic trust to basic distrust, independence to shyness and doubt, and initiative to sin. The development of each stage is to cope with the life mission of this stage, which has both positive and dangerous aspects. Only when positive factors overcome negative factors can individuals transition to the next stage well. It can be seen that if preschool teachers' own psychology is not perfect and their personality is deviated, it will have a direct negative impact on children. (3) The influence of preschool teachers' job burnout on kindergarten and preschool education.
If preschool teachers have a sense of job burnout for a long time, they will have bad feelings and even think of leaving their jobs to seek other jobs. This will lead to the loss of kindergarten teachers. The loss of preschool teachers will lead to the turmoil of preschool teachers, which will affect the effective development of the most basic educational activities in kindergartens, bring immeasurable adverse effects to the healthy growth of children's body and mind to a certain extent, and also cause certain pressure to society. As the basic education of basic education, early education will affect the healthy development of the whole education system once the foundation is not well laid.
It can be seen that the phenomenon of job burnout of preschool teachers in China has existed at present, which has affected the healthy growth and development of preschool teachers, children and even the whole preschool education to a certain extent. Therefore, it is of practical significance to explore the influencing factors and countermeasures of preschool teachers' job burnout.
Fourthly, how to alleviate the job burnout of kindergarten teachers?
(1) From the social point of view, we should do the following:
1, social expectation, rational treatment
(1), focusing on spiritual shaping.
(2) Let teachers develop their potential.
(3) Allow teachers to make mistakes
(4) Let teachers experience success.
2. Improve the social, political and economic status and welfare benefits of preschool teachers.
3. Preschool education needs social legislative protection.
4. Improve the quality of pre-service training and on-the-job training, and improve the comprehensive quality of preschool teachers.
(2) From the perspective of kindergartens, we should do the following:
1, reasonably arrange the work of preschool teachers
2. Improve the material environment of kindergartens and create a good spiritual environment.
3. Strengthen teachers' psychological health care and enhance teachers' ability to adapt to the environment.
4. Give the teacher an objective and fair evaluation.
(1), the evaluation of teachers' work should start from teachers' psychological feelings.
(2) The evaluation of teachers' work gives full play to teachers' main role, and the replacement of principals is mainly based on teachers' self-evaluation.
(3) Advocate a cooperative, democratic and open teacher culture and establish a democratic management system in the park.
5. Take appropriate measures to prevent accidents.
(3), from the kindergarten teachers themselves, should do the following:
1, and strive to form their own professional expertise
Be proficient in every aspect of your work.
3. Take preschool education as a creative work.
4, and more "positive pursuit of progress", "remarkable achievements" colleagues.
5. Strive to create a good interpersonal environment for work.
6. Learn psychological adjustment to relieve stress.
(1), relax training.
(2), divert attention
(3), emotional contrast
(4) Talking to people
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
In short, job burnout has many disadvantages for people, themselves and society. As engineers of the human soul, preschool teachers should strive to avoid job burnout and cultivate the future of the motherland and the hope of the nation with a healthier attitude. However, in order to truly avoid the state of job burnout, the most important thing is to rely on ourselves, to change our ideas and to improve our quality to meet the needs of the current development of preschool education.