Keywords Tao Xingzhi creative thinking life education
China Library Classification Number: G40 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:1002-7661(201) 08-0001-02.
First, an overview of Tao Xingzhi's life education theory.
(A) the purpose of life education
Tao Xingzhi believes that life education is "education for life" and "education for the perfection and progress of life"; It is "teaching people to be rich", "teaching people to be rich" and "teaching people to know wealth"; It is to "teach people to be human beings, be good people and be good citizens"; It is a "holistic education" that allows students to combine politics, economy and culture with their hearts, brains and hands. Therefore, its purpose is to educate the society, the nation and the whole, to seek liberation and happiness for the nation and the public, and to cultivate "vitality"; Secondly, it points to social people, that is, education to cultivate people's various personalities and moral qualities.
(B) the three principles of life education
1. "Life is education"
"Life is education" is the core and ontology of life education theory. Tao Xingzhi pointed out: "Life education is an original life, a self-reliant life and a necessary education for life." "Life education is born, born. Born in disgrace, he graduated in a coffin. In other words, life is the source of education and life is education.
2. "Society is school"
"Society is school" is the second basic principle of life education theory. Tao Xingzhi believes that "the whole social activity is the scope of our education" and "life is everywhere, that is, education is everywhere; The whole society is a place of life, that is, a place of education. Therefore, we can say' society is school' ". Before mass liberation, society was the only school for the masses.
3. "Teaching, learning and doing in one"
"Integration of teaching and doing" is the teaching methodology of life education theory, the basic principle of life education first put forward by Tao Xingzhi, and the school motto that his school has always followed. Tao Xingzhi believes: "The integration of teaching and learning has two meanings: one is the method; The second is the explanation of life. " "Teaching methods are based on learning methods, and learning methods are based on doing methods. Learn to do things and teach to learn. Teaching and learning are centered on doing, teachers are doing teaching, and students are doing school. "
Secondly, the enlightenment of Tao Xingzhi's life education theory to modern creative education.
(A) Tao Xingzhi's creative education thought in life education theory
Tao Xingzhi's life education mainly focuses on the goal of "teaching thousands of people to seek truth and learning thousands of things to be real people". "Real people" are neither "superior" exploiters nor "inferior" slaves, but people. After education, they can "work, study and manage politics" and become the masters of the country. In order to cultivate people, we must first liberate children's creativity. Tao Xingzhi put forward "creating children's education" and "liberating children's creativity" in the Declaration of Creation, profoundly expounded the great significance of innovation to national development, and put forward six liberations for children: liberating children's brains and making them think; Liberate children's eyes so that they can see; Liberate children's hands and make them capable; Liberate the child's mouth so that he can speak; Liberate children's space and let them contact with nature and society; The time to liberate children enables them to study according to their own wishes.
It can be seen that Mr. Tao attaches importance to creative education. He believes that to cultivate people and cultivate innovative talents, we must first start with children. In fact, the six emancipation of children has covered all the conditions needed to cultivate children's creative ability. Emancipating children's brains is the first of the six liberations, because it is possible to create as long as you can imagine, and imagination is the source of creativity. The other five liberations are necessary supplements to brain liberation. With ideas, children can practice, test and demonstrate with their eyes, hands and mouth in ample time and vast space. Only in this way can we cultivate creative thinking and produce creative results.
(2) Learn from Tao Xingzhi's life education thought and cultivate students' creative ability.
Today, innovation has become the soul of a nation's progress and the driving force of social progress. The Decision of Deepening Education Reform and Promoting Quality Education in an All-round Way put forward by the Ministry of Education 65438-0999 emphasizes that quality education should focus on cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability. Tao Xingzhi's life education thought and the thought of liberating children's creativity provide us with valuable experience in implementing innovative education. In cultivating students' innovative ability, we should strive to achieve the following aspects:
1. The course content should come from and serve life. Nowadays, most textbooks are literacy books, prose books and dead books instead of living books, books to eat and books to read instead of using books and living books. Therefore, teaching materials should be reformed, which should be more related to students' real life, reflect the current situation of life and production, have distinct characteristics of the times, strive to be close to real life, keep up with the pace of the times, and pay equal attention to theory and practice, so as not to cause students to learn only some empty and useless knowledge. Only in this way can we open up a new world for creative education.
2. Teaching should advocate "teaching integration" and keep pace with the times. First of all, we should establish a sense of transformation from imparting knowledge to developing students, from teaching to learning, and from results to process. Mr. Tao Xingzhi put forward three propositions in the article "Integration of Teaching and Learning": "First, the responsibility of teachers is to teach students to learn; Second, teachers' teaching methods must be based on students' learning methods; Third, my husband needs to learn while teaching. " Therefore, in teaching, we should not only advocate mutual learning between teachers and students, but also attach importance to autonomous learning, teach students to learn independently, actively "explore the origin of knowledge and seek the destination of knowledge", urge students to do it in life, practice, integrate theory with practice, and let students learn to create in teaching.
3. Create a democratic and harmonious environment. This is an important condition for students' creativity. Tao Xingzhi believes that "only democracy can greatly develop people's creativity, and only the purpose and method of democracy can achieve such great things." The research of educational psychology also shows that a democratic and harmonious teaching environment can make teachers and students cooperate closely and stimulate students' great enthusiasm for creative work. Therefore, teachers should learn to understand and tolerate, because understanding and tolerance is not only an educational strategy, but also a basic quality of teachers. Only in this way can the cultivation of students' creativity be realized.
Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, teaching and learning should be integrated. This is the most basic way to cultivate students' creativity. "To cultivate children's creativity, we must first know them and discover their characteristics, and then apply appropriate fertilizer, water and sunshine to remove pests and let them thrive, otherwise they will not be able to avoid withering." The integration of teaching and learning is to teach students to do, and students' creativity will ultimately be condensed on the results of doing. Therefore, students should be encouraged to carry out creative practical activities frequently, make bold assumptions and carefully verify them in teaching.
5. Realize the "Six Emancipations". Among them, striving for the liberation of time is the top priority of the "Six Emancipations". "Generally speaking, the school takes up all the time of children, making them lose the opportunity to study and live and develop an unintentional creative tendency. When they are adults, they have time and don't know how to start to exert their creativity. " Only by realizing the "Six Emancipations" can we properly cultivate children's creativity, give them adequate physical and mental nutrition, establish good study and living habits, and more importantly, help teachers teach students in accordance with their aptitude, so that children's "spiritual will ability will gradually develop and expand" and their creativity will be liberated and developed.
6. Pay attention to cultivating students' creative thinking ability. Creative thinking refers to the creative consciousness and innovative spirit of thinking activities, which is unconventional, manifested in creatively asking questions and creatively solving problems. Creative thinking is developed on the basis of general thinking, and it is the result of acquired cultivation and training. Chaplin made an intriguing remark: "Just like playing the violin or the piano, thinking needs to be practiced every day." Therefore, to cultivate creative thinking, we should do the following: first, strengthen the autonomy of learning, stimulate students' thirst for knowledge and maintain their due curiosity, which is the main link to cultivate creative thinking ability; Second, we should pay attention to the divergence and aggregation of thinking, and pay attention to the cultivation of intuitive thinking and logical thinking, which is an indispensable link in cultivating creative thinking; Third, enhance the awareness of problems, and pay attention to creatively finding, asking and solving problems in classroom listening and reading.
Third, the conclusion
In a word, under the situation that exam-oriented education is getting worse and worse, which seriously damages students' physical and mental health and national quality, Tao Xingzhi's creative education thought plays an extremely important role in implementing quality education and cultivating students' creativity. The vast number of educators should study and learn from his thoughts in depth, so that our educational reform will take fewer detours and make the reform more thorough; We should also learn from him that he loves the motherland and people, loves the cause of education, and strives to be an excellent educator.
refer to
[1] Tao Xingzhi. Selected educational papers of Tao Xingzhi [M]. Shanghai: Life Reading and New Knowledge Joint Publishing House, 1949.
[2] Tao Xingzhi. Selected educational papers [M]. Beijing: Education Science Press, 198 1.
[3] Yang Zhensheng. Enlightenment of Tao Xingzhi's life education theory to today's education reform [J]. Education and occupation, 2006.
(Editor Si Wen)