Safety knowledge: waterproof, fire prevention and electricity prevention 1. Knowledge of fire prevention, waterproof and electricity prevention

(1) Prevent playing with fire. Children are not allowed to enter the kitchen, and flammable kindling such as matches and lighters are not allowed for children to play. Be especially careful when teaching children to play with firecrackers and fireworks. Children who are too young are forbidden to play with these things. Let children know the dangers of playing with fire.

② Don't play with water. Teach children not to twist the tap water switch. Play on the lake and by the river, be in a safe place, and never run around and jump, lest you slip into the water.

③ Don't play with electricity. Tell children not to touch and play with electrical products such as running electric fans, and don't touch power outlets.

Don't let children casually use knives, scissors or other sharp objects as toys. Teach children to use knives, scissors and other appliances correctly.

⑤ Avoid sports injuries. When children are playing sports or games, teach them to pay attention to rules and move forward to avoid collisions. Teach children not to play dangerous games.

2. Fireproof and electricity-proof handwritten newspaper materials

Fire prevention points Primary school students are not allowed to play with fire and carry kindling with them: First, matches, lighters and other kindling are not allowed; Second, it is not allowed to ignite at will, and it is forbidden to use fire for flammable and explosive materials; Third, it is not allowed to set off firecrackers in public places and throw lit firecrackers around.

At the scene of the fire, minors such as primary school students should escape in an orderly manner. First, if there is a refuge floor or evacuation stairs, you can enter the refuge floor first or evacuate to a safe place through the evacuation stairs.

Second, if the floor is on fire, but the stairs have not been burned out and the fire is not very fierce, you can put on a clothes soaked with water and rush down from the upstairs quickly. Three, multi-storey building fire, such as the stairs have been burned out, or the fire has been quite fierce, you can use the balcony, downspout or bamboo poles to escape.

Four, such as all kinds of escape routes are cut off, should retreat indoors, close the doors and windows. If conditions permit, water can be poured on doors and windows to delay the spread of fire.

At the same time, you can throw small things outdoors and send out a distress signal with a flashlight at night. Five, such as life is seriously threatened, and there is no other way to save themselves, you can use rope or sheets to tear into strips and connect them, one end of which is tightly tied to a solid door and window lattice or other heavy objects, and then slide down along the rope or cloth.

6. If the above-mentioned self-rescue measures are taken unconditionally, and the time is tight and the threat of fireworks is serious, when you are forced to jump off a building, you can throw some quilts and other things on the ground to increase the buffer, and then slide down with the windowsill to reduce the jumping height and ensure that your feet land first. Seven, carry forward the spirit of mutual assistance, to help the elderly, children and patients to give priority to evacuation.

People with mobility difficulties can use quilts, blankets and other packages. , and hung down with a rope. Put out the fire at home in time, don't panic, and take corresponding measures in time according to the fire: if the oil pan catches fire while cooking, quickly cover the lid so that the oil fire in the pan is extinguished due to lack of oxygen, and it is not allowed to be put out with water.

When a fire breaks out indoors, doors and windows cannot be easily opened to avoid air convection and form a large-scale fire. When paper, wood and cloth catch fire, water can be used to put out the fire. When electrical appliances, gasoline, alcohol and cooking oil catch fire, earth, sand and mud and dry powder fire extinguishers can be used to put out the fire.

If the fire is very big, you must report the fire immediately. When you are trapped by fire, you should take different methods to escape according to different situations.

If you lean down, cover your nose with a damp cloth.

3. Knowledge of fire prevention, waterproof and electricity prevention

(1) Prevent playing with fire.

Children are not allowed to enter the kitchen, and flammable kindling such as matches and lighters are not allowed for children to play. Be especially careful when teaching children to play with firecrackers and fireworks. Children who are too young are forbidden to play with these things.

Let children know the dangers of playing with fire. ② Don't play with water.

Teach children not to twist the tap water switch. Play on the lake and by the river, be in a safe place, and never run around and jump, lest you slip into the water.

③ Don't play with electricity. Tell children not to touch and play with electrical products such as running electric fans, and don't touch power outlets.

Don't let children casually use knives, scissors or other sharp objects as toys. Teach children to use knives, scissors and other appliances correctly.

⑤ Avoid sports injuries. When children are playing sports or games, teach them to pay attention to rules and move forward to avoid collisions.

Teach children not to play dangerous games.

4. Pictures of campus fire safety knowledge

Campus is a public place where people are highly concentrated. There are many teaching instruments, expensive scientific research equipment, large electricity consumption, various experiments and practice projects, and many flammable materials. Once a fire accident happens, the impact and loss will be great, which will directly affect the normal teaching and scientific research work.

Therefore, our school has attached great importance to campus fire prevention for many years, and always put fire prevention work in the first place in all preventive work. Preventing campus fires is a long-term unremitting work, and learning fire fighting knowledge is an essential lesson for middle school students during their school study.

In order to enhance students' awareness of fire safety, clarify their responsibilities for fire safety and facilitate students to learn fire safety knowledge, we edited the book "Common Sense of Fire Safety for Middle School Students". The contents of this book mainly include: the basic knowledge of fire fighting, the basic knowledge of fire extinguishers, the first fire extinguishing method, the knowledge of personnel evacuation and fire escape, and the question and answer of fire fighting knowledge. , and collected campus fire cases, fire safety knowledge contest questions and so on.

Its purpose is to let middle school students know the common sense of fire safety, be familiar with the performance characteristics of fire fighting equipment, master the skills of fire fighting, evacuation and escape, improve their self-defense and self-help ability, and prevent campus fires. At the same time, it also provides learning and publicity materials for students and middle school students' volunteer fire brigades.

We hope that through the study of fire safety knowledge, the majority of students can achieve "three understandings and three skills", that is, they will understand the dangers of fires, fire extinguishing methods and fire prevention measures: they will report fires, use fire extinguishers and escape to save themselves. "Hidden dangers are more dangerous than open flames, prevention is better than disaster relief, and responsibility is more important than Mount Tai".

I hope that students will consciously assume the responsibilities and obligations of campus fire prevention, learn more about fire prevention, abide by various fire prevention systems, and actively participate in campus fire prevention, so that our school will form a situation of "everyone cares about fire prevention and pays attention to fire prevention everywhere" and fundamentally reduce or avoid the occurrence of campus fire accidents. (1) The definition of combustion, commonly known as fire, refers to the exothermic reaction between combustible substances and oxidants, usually accompanied by flame, luminescence and/or smoke.

Combustion has three characteristics, namely, chemical reaction, exotherm and luminescence. (II) Conditions of combustion Necessary conditions of combustion-The occurrence and development of the combustion process of substances must meet the following three necessary conditions, namely, combustible, oxidant and temperature (ignition source).

Only when these three conditions are met at the same time can combustion occur, and no matter which condition is lacking, combustion cannot occur. However, the above three conditions do not necessarily exist at the same time, and the combustion phenomenon will certainly occur. These three factors also need to interact.

1. Combustible: Any substance that can react with oxygen or other oxidants in the air is called combustible. Combustible substances can be divided into gas combustible substances, liquid combustible substances and solid combustible substances according to their physical states.

Combustible substances are mostly compounds containing carbon and hydrogen. Some metals such as magnesium, aluminum and calcium can also burn under certain conditions, and many substances such as hydrazine and ozone can release light and heat through their own explanation at high temperature. 2. Oxidant: A substance that helps and supports the combustion of combustible substances, that is, a substance that can undergo an oxidation reaction with combustible substances is called an oxidant.

The oxidant in the combustion process is mainly free oxygen in the air, and other oxidants such as fluorine and chlorine can also be used as oxidants in the combustion reaction. 3. Temperature (ignition source): refers to the energy source of combustion reaction between combustible substances and oxygen or combustion improver.

Common is heat energy, as well as other heat energy converted from chemical energy, electric energy and mechanical energy. 4. Chain reaction: There is a chain reaction in flame combustion.

When the fuel is heated, it will not only vaporize, but also the molecules of the fuel will decompose to produce free radicals. Free radical is a very active chemical form, which can react with other free radicals and molecules to keep the combustion going. This is a chain reaction of burning.

Sufficient conditions for combustion-(1) a certain combustible concentration; (2) certain oxygen content: (3) certain ignition energy; (4) Unrestricted chain reaction. For example, the minimum ignition energy of gasoline is 0.2raj, that of ether is 0. 19mJ, and that of methanol is 0.2 15mJ.

For flameless combustion, the first three conditions exist and interact at the same time, and combustion will occur. For flame combustion, in addition to the above three conditions, there are unrestrained free radicals (free radicals) in the combustion process, forming a chain reaction, which is also one of the sufficient conditions for combustion.

(III) Types of combustion Combustion is generally divided into four types according to its formation conditions and instantaneous characteristics: flash, fire, spontaneous combustion and explosion. Flash burning is a burning phenomenon in which a substance can flash when it meets fire.

Fire is a phenomenon that combustible substances contact with the fire source in the air, and when they reach a certain temperature, they start to burn with flames, and they can continue to burn after the fire source is removed. Spontaneous combustion is the combustion of combustible materials caused by heating or self-heating and heat accumulation without external sparks, flames and other fire sources.

Explosion is a phenomenon that the temperature and pressure rise or both rise due to the rapid oxidation or decomposition reaction of substances. Explosion can be divided into physical explosion, chemical explosion and nuclear explosion.

Physical explosion is an explosion caused by the rapid expansion of liquid or gas, and the pressure increases rapidly, which greatly exceeds the limit pressure of the container. Such as steam boilers; Liquefied gas cylinder explosion, etc.

Chemical explosion is an explosion caused by the chemical reaction of the substance itself, which produces a lot of gas and high temperature. Such as explosive explosion, explosion of combustible gas, liquid vapor, dust and air mixture, etc.

Chemical explosion is the key to prevent explosion in fire fighting. In addition to the direct contact of flame, heat usually spreads outward in three ways: heat conduction, heat radiation and heat convection.

(IV) Definition of fire A fire refers to a disaster caused by burning out of control in time or space. Fire is mostly a social phenomenon, and the main causes of fire can be summarized into three aspects.

One is man-made unsafe behavior (including arson); The second is the unsafe state of matter; The third is the defect of technology. And people's unsafe behavior is the most important factor.

(V) Classification of fires According to the combustion characteristics of substances, fires can be divided into five categories: A, B, C, D and E. Class A fires refer to solid material fires.

This substance often has the nature of organic matter, and generally produces glowing embers when it burns.

5. Graphic wall chart of power safety knowledge education.

Power safety knowledge education wall chart. : AN 199 1 6 sheets per set. Specification: 76X52cm can be selected separately.

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6. How to prevent water, fire and electricity?

First of all, about electricity consumption.

1, know the main switch of power supply and learn to turn off the power supply in an emergency.

2. Don't touch the appliance with wet hands or wipe it with wet cloth.

3, electrical appliances should be unplugged after use.

4. If there is smoke, sparks, burning smell, etc. , should immediately turn off the power switch and stop.

Use.

5, found someone get an electric shock to try to turn off the power in time;

Or use a dry wooden stick and other things to separate the electric shock victim from the live electrical appliance.

Don't save people directly with your hands.

Second, what should I do if there is a fire?

1. Call the fire alarm number 1 19. When calling the police, tell the fire department the location of the fire, and also explain what the fire is and how it is.

Once threatened by fire, don't panic, be calm and try to leave the fire.

3. Try to take protective measures when you escape, such as covering your nose and mouth with a wet towel and wrapping your body with wet clothes.

Second, what should I do if there is a fire?

1. Call the fire alarm number 1 19. When calling the police, tell the fire department the location of the fire, and also explain what the fire is and how it is.

Once threatened by fire, don't panic, be calm and try to leave the fire.

3. Try to take protective measures when you escape, such as covering your nose and mouth with a wet towel and wrapping your body with wet clothes.

Measures after electric shock and drowning accidents

1. Use a dry wooden stick to separate people from the power supply.

2. Turn on the switch quickly and cut off the power supply.

3. Move the electrocuted person to a place with good air circulation.

4, if breathing stops, artificial oxygenation immediately.

5, can't use water to put out the fire, will aggravate the disaster. The power supply must be cut off quickly, and the flame must be extinguished with sand and fire extinguishers.

Three. Emergency measures in case of initial fire.

1. Call the police. Remember the fire alarm number: "1 19" and explain the cause of the fire. State the name and telephone number of the caller.

Code, etc.

2. Initial fire protection measures.

If there is a fire caused by unrecorded electricity, cut off the power supply of electrical appliances quickly.

According to the specific situation of the fire site, the old methods such as isolation, cooling, room rest and suppression can be used to extinguish the fire.

Don't put out the fire in a hurry.

Open doors and windows to avoid air convection and accelerate the spread of fire.

Upon the arrival of the fire brigade, the fire unit and the personnel present shall promptly introduce the ascertained site conditions to the commander.

7. Drowning prevention safety knowledge handwritten newspaper materials

Safety knowledge of drowning prevention 1. Measures to prevent drowning: 1. Pupils should swim under the guidance of adults and learn to swim; 2. Don't play alone by the river or the mountain pond; 3. Don't go swimming in non-swimming areas; 4, can't swim, don't swim to the deep water area, even with a lifebuoy is not safe; 5. Make proper preparations before swimming to prevent cramps; Second, the self-help method when drowning: 1, don't panic, find someone around you to call for help immediately; 2. Relax your whole body, let your body float on the water, head out of the water, kick the water with your feet to prevent physical loss and wait for rescue; 3. When your body sinks, you can press your palm down; 4. If you suddenly cramp in the water and can't dock, call for help immediately.

If there is no one around, you can take a deep breath and dive into the water, straighten your cramped legs and pull your toes up with your hands to relieve cramps. Third, the rescue method when someone is found drowning: Method 1: You can throw lifebuoys, bamboo poles, wooden boards and other things at the drowning person, and then drag them to the shore; Method 2: If there is no rescue equipment, you can enter the water for direct rescue.

When approaching a drowning person, turn his hips, turn his back to himself, and then pull him up. Side stroke or backstroke towing is usually used for towing.

Special emphasis: when minors find someone drowning and can't rush into the water to rescue them, they should immediately call for help or use life-saving equipment to call for help. Fourth, give first aid to the drowning person on the bank 1, quickly remove the sludge, weeds and secretions in the mouth and nose, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, and pull out your tongue to avoid blocking the respiratory tract; 2. Lift the drowning child to lie prone on the rescuer's shoulder, with the abdomen close to the rescuer's shoulder, and the head and feet droop, so that the accumulated water in the respiratory tract can naturally flow out.

But don't delay the time of cardiopulmonary resuscitation because of water control; 3, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and heart * * *; 4. Contact the emergency center as soon as possible or send the drowning child to the hospital.

8. How can middle school students prevent water, fire and electricity and save themselves?

Theme class meeting

Teaching purpose: To educate students on electricity utilization, fire prevention and theft prevention, so as to improve their safety.

Full consciousness,

Let students learn some ways to save themselves.

Let the students take one when they are in danger.

Measures to protect yourself.

Data preparation:

Safety education reader

Teaching process:

One,

Electrical safety

1

、

What electrical appliances do you have at home?

(arouse students' interest,

Because they know each other. )

2

、

Teachers educate students in time according to their answers: modern families, poor living standards,

With the improvement of the level, there are more and more electrical appliances in the family, which brings many ways to our study and life.

Convenient and interesting

However, if we don't have a certain knowledge of electricity use, we don't pay attention to electricity use.

Safe,

This will be dangerous.

So,

Let's not be curious,

Self-disassembly,

Repair electrical appliances,

Don't connect the wires without permission, and disassemble the electrical appliances at will.

Be careful not to use and operate electrical appliances.

Wet water, once the electrical appliance fails, cut off the power supply immediately.

Anti-wolf and anti-theft course, learn to observe and prepare for battle.

Second,

fire safety

1

、

Ask questions for discussion:

What should you do if you catch fire or see your neighbor catch fire?

It must be correct for students to express their opinions and say their own ways. )

2

、

According to the discussion,

combine

Safety education reader

Give students some knowledge about fire prevention.

Third,

Prevent drowning

Recalling the drowning accidents caused by swimming, fishing and playing with water at school, combined with the present situation

In hot weather, students are required to be accompanied by adults when swimming, and they are not allowed to go to the seaside or the water without permission.

Swimming in the library, even in the swimming pool, must strictly abide by the rules.

Fourth,

According to the actual situation, carry out education to prevent high-rise falling and drug poisoning by mistake.

Five,

Class summary.

9. Anti-electricity safety knowledge

Original publisher: Huang Li 390.

With the continuous improvement of living standards, there are more and more places to use electricity in life. Therefore, it is necessary for us to master the following basic common sense of safe electricity use: L. Know the main switch of power supply and learn to turn off the main power supply in an emergency. 2. Do not touch or test the inside of the power socket with your hands or conductive objects (such as wire, nails, pins and other metal products). 3. Don't touch the appliance with wet hands or wipe it with wet cloth. 4. Unplug the electrical appliance after use; Do not pull the wire forcibly when plugging and unplugging the power plug to prevent the insulation layer of the wire from being damaged and causing electric shock; The insulation layer of the wire is peeling off, so it is necessary to replace the wire in time or wrap it with insulating tape. 5. Find someone get an electric shock to try to turn off the power in time; Or use dry wooden sticks and other things to separate the electric shock victim from the charged electrical appliances, and don't save people directly by hand; Younger students should ask adults for help in this situation, and don't handle it by themselves to prevent electric shock. 6. Don't disassemble or install the power cord, socket and plug at will. Even if it is as simple as installing a light bulb, it should be turned off first and carried out under the guidance of parents. Common sense of fire safety. What should I do if I find a fire? If you find a fire, you should shout loudly or knock on something that can make a sound, such as washbasin and aluminum pot, to call more people to participate in the fire fighting, and call "1 19" to call the fire department quickly. When dialing "1 19", please pay attention to the following details: 1, "1 19" fire alarm telephone (it is best to use a fixed telephone), be calm and calm, and dial the number1/kloc after hearing the dial tone. 2. After the telephone is connected, the address of the fire (including road name, street name, lane name and house number) should be explained clearly. 3, as far as possible, explain what is the fire and fire scope, and the number of people trapped. 4. Quietly answer the questions of the communication staff of the "ll9" main console. 5, after the phone hang up, should send someone to meet the fire truck at the intersection.