1. 1 Preschool education refers to the educational process that children aged 3-5 receive in kindergartens. Kindergartens in China are generally run by units and individuals, which basically meet the needs of children in economically developed large and medium-sized cities to receive preschool education. In rural areas, especially in remote and backward rural areas, preschool education can only be popularized 1 year.

1.2 primary education refers to the education process that children aged 6 ~ 1 1 receive in primary schools. Primary schools in China are generally run by local governments, but there are also enterprises and private enterprises. At present, all kinds of schools run by Chinese enterprises are basically handed over to local governments for management.

1.3 secondary education refers to the process in which teenagers aged from 12 to 17 receive education in secondary schools. Junior high school, ordinary high school, vocational high school and technical secondary school all belong to secondary education. Ordinary middle schools are divided into junior high schools and senior high schools, each with a three-year academic system. Some junior high school graduates go to senior high schools, and some go to vocational high schools and technical secondary schools. Middle schools are generally managed by the government.

1.4 Higher education refers to junior college, undergraduate and postgraduate education. Institutions that implement higher education in China are universities, colleges and junior colleges. Colleges and universities have three functions: teaching, scientific research and social service. In order to promote the development and reform of colleges and universities, the "2 1 1 project" was put forward during the Ninth Five-Year Plan, that is, about 100 colleges and universities and a number of key disciplines will be built for the 2 1 century. In addition, China also put forward the "985" project to build a "world-class university", aiming at building a number of world-class universities and a number of internationally renowned high-level research universities.

1.5 continuing education refers to adult technical training, adult non-academic higher education and vocational education. China's vocational education system includes vocational school education and vocational training. Vocational school education is divided into primary, secondary and higher vocational education.

2 Russian education system

2. 1 preschool education Russian preschool education institutions include nurseries, kindergartens and nursery-kindergartens. Nurseries generally recruit children from 2 months to 3 years old, kindergartens recruit children from 3 to 7 years old to receive preschool education, and nurseries-kindergartens recruit children from 2 months to 7 years old. Preschool education institutions are organized by the state, urban areas, towns, state organs, state-owned enterprises and institutions or other social organizations. The main task and function of preschool education is to help families educate their children and provide working conditions for women with children.

2.2 General education Russian general education is equivalent to primary and secondary education in China. The general education in Soviet Russia was originally a ten-year system. The new education law was implemented from 1993, and the general education in Russia is 1 1 year compulsory education for primary and secondary schools. By 200 1 year, the Russian government had adopted the education reform plan, replacing 1 1 with the primary and secondary school system of 12. At present, some schools in Russia are carrying out teaching reform experiments, but the government does not force all schools to implement them. General education is divided into three stages: the first stage is general education in primary schools, which is equivalent to primary schools in China, with a schooling period of three or four years; The second stage is basic general education, which is equivalent to junior high school in China and lasts for five years; The third stage is complete general education, which is equivalent to senior high schools in China, with a schooling period of two to three years. The above three stages of education are completed by different types of schools.