1. India is the second most populous country in the world. According to the statistics in 2004, its population is close to 1 1 100 million. The rapidly growing population has brought considerable pressure to all aspects of Indian society, including education.

Secondly, India's economic foundation is relatively weak. Although the Indian government has made great efforts to eradicate poverty and achieved certain results, the population below the poverty line in India is still increasing. From 1973 to 1997, the absolute number of poor people in India remained above 300 million. By 1998, 43% of the population still lived below the poverty line.

3. The caste system has a long history, and it still profoundly affects many fields of Indian society, such as politics, economy, culture and education.

Education system, elite political country, attaching importance to higher education, ignoring lower education (primary and secondary education), inverted talent structure, and the disconnection between compulsory education and higher education make it difficult for higher education to expand, and compulsory education (lower education) is not flexible in the face of rapid economic expansion in India.