# Education # Introduction I want to give my children good education and guidance to help them grow up healthily and happily. So, what kind of ideas should parents uphold in the education process? The following is to sort out the relevant content for everyone.

First, the concept of modern education

Modern educational concept refers to the educational concept that adapts to modern society, modern economy and modern science and technology. These ideas mainly include the following points:

Education is a strategic industry.

People are used to thinking that education is a consumer undertaking. From a modern point of view, education is not only a public welfare consumer undertaking, but also a strategic industry that can add value to production. About this concept, we can understand it from the following aspects.

(a) Interaction between education and economy.

The higher the people's education level, the more conducive to the popularization and promotion of advanced science and technology, the more conducive to improving labor productivity and the more conducive to economic development; At the same time, economic development can provide a lot of material and financial resources for running education. This is a very common truth. However, limited by the level of production development for a long time, people often only see the side of spending money on education, but not the side that will promote production development and create a lot of wealth many years later. In other words, we only see that education is a costly consumer undertaking, but we don't see that it is also an industry that will bring high economic benefits.

(B) Education and production of specialized labor force

As a strategic industry, education cultivates a developed specialized labor force. Labor force refers to people's ability to work, that is, the sum of physical strength and intelligence used by people in labor. When a person is born, it is only a possible productivity. Only when people have production knowledge and labor skills can they become real productive forces. Science and technology are productive forces, but they are only potential productive forces in the form of knowledge. Only by mastering and applying it to production practice can it become a real productive force, or a direct productive force. Only by combining man with science and technology can he become a realistic productive force. Only through education can people master production experience and science and technology. Therefore, as early as 100 years ago, Marx had put forward the important conclusion that "education will produce labor ability". He said: "To change the nature of ordinary people, so that they can acquire certain skills and skills in the labor department and become a developed and professional labor force, they must have certain education and training ..."

(3) Science, technology and education are playing an increasingly important role in improving labor productivity.

With the development of human society to today's information society, the role of science and technology in promoting economic development is becoming more and more obvious. "Foreign scholars with educational sociology and educational economics have analyzed the role of human physical labor and mental labor in the development of social productive forces: in the steam engine era, physical labor accounted for about 90%, and mental labor accounted for about10%; In the era when internal combustion engines and motors are widely used, manual labor accounts for about 60% and mental labor accounts for about 40%; After the 1960s, manual labor accounted for about 65,438+00% and mental labor accounted for about 90% of the information industry departments (computers, highly automated machinery, including robot operation departments) in developed capitalist countries such as Europe, America and Japan. At present, among the total number of workers in these countries, white-collar workers who are mainly engaged in mental work have surpassed blue-collar workers who are mainly engaged in manual work.

A sample survey of experts who study educational economics in the United States proves that the role of education in improving labor productivity is that those with primary education are 43% higher than those without literacy, those with secondary education are 108% higher than those without literacy, and those with higher education are 300% higher than those without literacy. "

In developed countries, knowledge economy has emerged, and the core role of science, technology and education in economic growth has become very obvious. "According to economists' estimates, the contribution of technological progress to economic growth in developed countries today has accounted for 60%-80%, of which the contribution of education and training accounts for about 20%. The contribution of physical capital and labor force has dropped to about one third. The contribution rate of knowledge to labor value exceeds other factors of production. Economists have also found that the main reason for the widening productivity gap between developing countries and developed countries is the insufficient accumulation of knowledge and talents. "

After the implementation of the economic system reform in rural areas of China, farmers' enthusiasm for production has been greatly improved, and the vast number of farmers have worked hard to get rich. A survey shows that the degree of farmers getting rich is closely related to their education level. On April 7th, 1986, People's Daily published a sample survey of 3,666 households in 262 villages in 28 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions (except Tibet and Taiwan Province Province). The results show that the per capita income of 1984 is 399 yuan. Among them, illiteracy is 234 yuan, primary school education is 386 yuan, junior high school education is 466 yuan, high school education is 566 yuan, and college education is 786 yuan.

All these data show that in modern society, the improvement of labor productivity depends more and more on science and technology and education.

(d) Education first.

Modern educational concept regards education as the first strategic industry for all countries to seek survival, development and competition in the information age. The social and economic development of all countries in the world today is closely related to international competition; Today's international competition is characterized by the competition of comprehensive national strength. In the final analysis, it is the competition between scientific and technological level and strength, intelligence and talents, that is, the competition between educational quality and efficiency. Therefore, the viewpoint of "education first" is put forward, that is, education investment is regarded as productive investment in developing intellectual resources, and the development of intellectual resources should take precedence over the development of natural resources, and the growth rate of education investment should be slightly higher than that of capital construction investment. Today, many countries in the world have adopted the policy of increasing investment in education and giving priority to the development of education in order to compete for hegemony.

Everyone should receive lifelong education.

The traditional concept of education often limits education to formal school education.

According to the viewpoint of modern education, today's science and technology are changing with each passing day, new knowledge is growing rapidly, and new technologies are widely used in production. Not only the knowledge and skills of people who have already taken part in the work can't adapt to the current work and new industrial sectors, but also the knowledge and training learned by students at school can't guarantee to enjoy life. As the information age requires people to constantly learn new knowledge and technology, the ideas of "lifelong education", "return education" and "continuing education" have appeared one after another and have been implemented in some countries.

The report "Learning-Internal Wealth" submitted by UNESCO, the Education Committee of the International 2 1 Century, emphasizes that "the concept of lifelong education seems to be a key to the 2 1 Century" and lifelong education should be placed at the center of society. "

permanent education

The theory of lifelong education holds that the future education and training should not be limited to the school education stage, but should run through the whole process of human life, and should provide necessary knowledge education and skill training in new ways when everyone needs it. Lifelong education extends people's education time to their whole lives, and expands the forms of education to various forms, including preschool education, primary school, middle school and university education, adult education and so on. It refers to both school education and social education; It refers to both formal education and informal education. In short, society should provide opportunities for every member of society to learn at every stage of life, which is the need of social development, economic development, scientific and technological development and human development.

(b) Primary and secondary education in the lifelong education system

To bring primary and secondary education into the lifelong education system, we must reform the existing primary and secondary education, and lay a foundation for each student to continue learning in the future, so that they have the interest and ability to continue learning. One of the backgrounds of American psychologist Bloom's educational evaluation theory and mastering learning principles in recent twenty years is that modern society requires people to study for life. He said: "In the workforce, more and more people will need lifelong learning. If school study is regarded as frustrating, and even a considerable number of students are incompetent, it will be difficult to really arouse the interest in continuing learning in the later stage. School learning must be successful and beneficial, so as to lay a good foundation and ensure that learning can last for life as needed. " "If the school intends to provide at least 90% students with a successful and satisfactory learning experience, then the attitudes of students, teachers and administrators must change significantly, and the role of teaching strategies and evaluation must also change significantly." It is necessary to reform the simple exam-oriented teaching system, which is common in primary and secondary schools and aims at selecting a few students who study well and ignoring and eliminating most students.

Education should not only promote social and economic development, but also promote people's own development.

(a) promoting social development? Human development? For a living?

Whether the function of education is to serve the social and economic development or to serve people's own development has always been two opposing educational views. Although some educational theorists do not deny that education has two functions at the same time, they have different views on which function should be emphasized first.

At the present stage of social and economic development in China, in many developing countries, the popularity of education is still not high, and the number of years of education per capita in the country is still relatively short. In this society, the direct purpose of citizens' education, that is, the direct purpose of parents sending their children to school, is mainly to make a living and seek a good job or occupation in the future.

Nowadays, it is often said that the competition to pursue the enrollment rate is essentially the competition to make a living and find a way out. That is to say, although theorists argue over whether education should serve the society or people's own development and perfection, in the real social life with low education popularization, education is not carried out in full accordance with the theory of "should", but is restricted by the actual interests of people's survival and development, serving students to a certain extent, and even ignoring the requirements of society, which harms students' own development and perfection. As an educational theorist and practitioner, how to answer this social realistic question: should education serve students to make a living in addition to the development of society and people themselves?

(2) The function of earning a living competition has gradually moved backward.

With the development of mass production in modern society, people have higher and higher requirements for basic quality and universal compulsory education. The two functional views of education are gradually unified on the basis of mass production, and the functions of education to make a living and compete for students are gradually transferred to the post-compulsory education period. The nature of ordinary primary and secondary education in compulsory education stage shows the nature of citizen quality education more and more. We should cultivate all kinds of talents at all levels for the society and lay a good foundation for the happiness of children and the development of talents.

We should cultivate people according to the requirements of modern society for the quality of citizens and talents.

(A) the concept of talent in modern society

What is talent? Modern educational concept is different from traditional educational concept. Traditional educational concepts often equate talents with geniuses and all-rounders, and only regard a few experts and scholars as talents. In school, excellent academic performance and obedience are the main criteria for cultivating future talents.

Modern educational philosophy holds that talents are extensive. A few geniuses are talents, who have made outstanding achievements in their respective posts and made great contributions to society.

Modern educational theory holds that talents are diverse. A versatile all-rounder is a talent who plays a special role in a certain aspect, and a person who is better than the average person is also a talent.

Modern educational concept holds that talents are hierarchical, including senior talents, intermediate talents and junior talents. No matter what level of talent, it is the need of society. Society needs not only all kinds of talents, but also talents at all levels. No matter what level and type of talents, they are the result of educational processing.