(1) Mingde is an innate goodness, but this goodness can only be manifested through continuous learning. Therefore, the primary goal of university education is to carry forward people's "Ming De". In fact, this requires people to strengthen their personal moral cultivation and always maintain a kind heart.
(2) Being close to the people means "loving the masses and caring for the people". People should not only keep their kind heart, but also spread this kind heart to the people who love the broad masses. Zhu changed it to "new people" and interpreted it as using his own virtue to influence people and get rid of people's "old pollution", which reflected the Confucian educational thought of pushing others and others.
(3) To stop at perfection is to reach the highest state of moral cultivation.