Qiao Kuiduo, a sorghum expert, was born in Dagang River1916, Haicheng County, Liaoning Province. He has bred a variety of high-yield sorghum varieties and hybrids to be popularized in production. He presided over the writing of "Sorghum Cultivation in China" and "Sorghum Variety Records in China", which contributed to the development of sorghum production in China.

Chinese name: Joe Guido.

Nationality: China.

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Place of birth: Haicheng, Liaoning Province

Date of birth: 19 1 1 June 16.

Occupation: Sorghum expert

Graduate school: Toyota Agricultural University

Masterpieces: Records of Sorghum Varieties in China and Sorghum Cultivation in China.

Gender: male

brief introduction

Qiao Guido19116 was born in Dagang River, Haicheng County, Liaoning Province. 1924 went to the first senior high school in Haicheng county, 1927 went to Haicheng county middle school. During the primary and secondary school period, under the influence of his grandfather and uncle, who had profound knowledge and outstanding social reputation, he systematically accepted the traditional moral education of the Chinese nation and established the belief of learning, paying attention to etiquette and serving the country. 193 1 After graduating from middle school, due to family difficulties, I applied for the new normal school in Yingkou, which was free of tuition, and returned to my hometown to become a primary school teacher. 1935 was admitted to Fengtian Agricultural University with excellent results and finished college at public expense.

all one's life

After graduating from college, he went to Fengtian Provincial Haicheng Agricultural Ethnic High School to teach. While teaching, he began to study the early improvement of sorghum varieties. He mobilized students to widely collect local sorghum varieties and adopted the methods of single plant selection, zoning, yield measurement and mixed planting. 1942 new varieties with tough stems, lodging resistance, waterlogging resistance, high yield and good taste were selected from more than 400 sorghum rows and distributed to farmers for planting. It was not until 1948 that this variety was cultivated along the river in Haicheng, and the people called it "small white-shelled sorghum". The initial success of variety improvement made him more interested in sorghum research.

1944, the rulers of Manchuria, Japan, swept away China teachers who had anti-Manchu and anti-Japanese ideas in northeast education. Qiao Kuiduo survived under the protection of Professor Lu Shilang of Yancheng of Fengtian Agricultural University, and worked as a technician in Fengtian Industrial Hall and Liaozhong County Industrial Hall successively. 1945 unemployed after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. In order to make a living, in the spring of 1946, he moved to Shenyang and Changchun to be a biology teacher in middle school. 1947, he walked back to his hometown. At this time, he was penniless, living on a straw house and a few acres of thin land supported by relatives and friends.

The land reform led by China, like a spring thunder, revived the rural land in China and brought hope to Giorgio. He was classified as a poor farmer, got land and joined the peasant association. At the beginning of 1948, he was recommended by the farmers' association to study in the Liaoning coastal teachers' research class held by the southern Liaoning administrative office. After graduation, he was transferred to Xiong Yue Agricultural Experimental Station as an agricultural technician in charge of sorghum research. At that time, there was a shortage of scientific researchers, and they were very tired. 1950 at the end of winter, because of the destruction of the turbulent life in the past, they suffered from serious heart disease. Sick and painful, weak wife, young children, extremely difficult situation. The Party organization of Xiong Yue Experimental Station immediately sent Qiao Kuiduo to Anshan Tanggangzi Sanatorium for treatment. 1952 after he was discharged from the hospital in the summer, he got up early and was busy in the sorghum experimental field with the passion of repaying * * *. /kloc-0 joined China in 1957. Since then, he has always been strict with himself according to the standards of party member, and worked hard on the research front of agricultural science.

1960 transferred to Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Until 1985, he served as deputy director and director of crop research institute and crop breeding research institute. While organizing the research work of the institute, he presided over the national and provincial key topics of sorghum breeding, cultivation and variety resources research. At the age of 72, he established the National Sorghum Research Center-the Sorghum Research Institute of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and was appointed honorary director. He used to be a member of the Agricultural Group of Liaoning Science and Technology Committee, a member of Liaoning Crop Variety Approval Committee, a member of the Academic Committee of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, a member of China Crop Society, and an editorial board member of China Agricultural Sciences, Journal of Crops and Liaoning Agricultural Sciences.

honour

Many times, he has been rated as an advanced worker and model worker at the provincial and municipal levels.

Biographical notes

19 1 1 was born in Dahepu Village, Haicheng County, Fengtian (now Dagan Village, Dongsi Town, Haicheng City, Liaoning Province).

1926 65438+February, graduated from No.1 High School in Haicheng County.

193 1 year 65438+February, graduated from Haicheng county middle school.

193465438+February, graduated from Yingkou New Normal University.

193865438+February, graduated from the Department of Agriculture of Toyota Agricultural University.

1939 to 1944 as a teacher of Haicheng National Agricultural College of Fengcheng Province.

1944- 1945, bachelor of industrial science and technology from Fengtian Industrial Bureau and Liaozhong County.

65438-0946, worked as a teacher in Shenyang and Changchun Youth Employment Guidance Offices and senior classes of middle schools.

1May, 948, graduated from the Liaoning Coastal Normal Research Class of the Southern Liaoning Administrative Office of the Communist Party of China.

1May 1948 to1March 1960, served as agricultural technician and director of research office of Xiong Yue Agricultural Science Laboratory.

1March 1960 to1March 1985, served as deputy director and director of crop research institute and crop breeding institute of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, honorary director of sorghum research institute, senior agronomist and researcher, director of China Crop Society, executive director of Liaoning Agricultural Society, and deputy director of Liaoning Crop Society and Shenyang Crop Society.

1985, retired.

Main thesis

1 gioquedo. Preliminary observation on flowering habits of different types of sorghum. Liaoning Agricultural Sciences, 1963, (3): 27-28.

2. Joe Guido. Distribution of sorghum varieties in Liaoning province and experience of selecting sorghum varieties according to local conditions. China Agricultural News, 1963, (4): 26-30.

3. Editor-in-chief of Joe Guido. Records of sorghum varieties in China. Volume one. Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1980.

4. Editor-in-chief of Joe Guido. Records of sorghum varieties in China. The second volume. Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1983.

5. Editor-in-chief of Joe Guido. Catalogue of Sorghum Variety Resources in China. Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1984.

6 Gioquedo, Wang Fude. Review and prospect of research on sorghum variety resources in China. Study on Crop Variety Resources, Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1984,191-201.

7. Editor-in-chief of Joe Guido. Catalogue of crop variety resources in Liaoning Province. Shenyang: New Agricultural Journal Press, 1985.

8. Editor-in-chief of Joe Guido. Sorghum planting in China. Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1988.

Breeding multiple high-yield varieties and hybrids.

The 1940s

As early as 1940s, he successfully improved the sorghum variety Hua Xiaobai and put it into production.

Early 1950s

In the early 1950s, together with the comrades of the breeding research group, he used widely collected local sorghum varieties in southern Liaoning as materials for systematic breeding. Xiong Yue 253 was bred by single plant selection of "Gaixian Xiaohuangke", and Xiong Yue 334 was bred by continuous mixed selection of "Gaixian Zaoheike". "Xiong Yue 360" was bred by "Liaoyang Zaoheike" through mixed selection, and was confirmed as a popularized variety by Liaoning Crop Variety Approval Committee on 1957 and 1962 respectively. Among them, "Xiong Yue 253" has an average yield increase of 20% compared with local varieties, with a cumulative promotion area of 6.5438+0.5 million mu. It is the best variety with the largest planting area in China, and also the main cultivated variety in Liaoning Province before the popularization of hybrid sorghum. It is also widely planted in Gansu, Ningxia, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui and other provinces. "Xiong Yue 334" and "Xiong Yue 360" also increased the yield by more than 10% compared with local varieties.

Diligent in practice

On the objective of variety breeding, Gioquedo emphasized ecological adaptability and advocated breeding different types of varieties according to different ecological regions. In character selection, he attaches importance to comprehensive performance and advocates that a variety should have the characteristics of high yield, disease and insect resistance, high quality, economy and practicality. He is diligent in practice, repeatedly observes and compares carefully, and has a profound insight into the advantages and disadvantages of varieties. 1970 In the spring, he observed all kinds of sorghum experimental materials line by line in the experimental field of the breeding team in the southwest of Hainan Island. I came to a mixed community and wandered around these two communities, with a length of 5 meters. From ear to leaf, from stem to root, I measured the data while observing and pondered for half an hour, and my expression was extremely concentrated. Then, he asked about the paternal lineage of the hybrid and carefully observed the performance of the paternal lineage. He pointed out that the paternal line is a valuable restorer line, and he hoped to popularize this hybrid in Liaoning Province. Later, it was widely planted in western Liaoning Province and named "Jinza 1". This restorer line is also one of the most famous restorers in China-"Jin Fu 1". He has never mentioned it to others, and others always smile when they talk about it. In order to solve the problem that summer sown grain in Liaoning Province is accompanied by wheat and oil, he personally went to Jinjia Scientific Research Base in Changtu County in his 60s, and together with comrades in the base, he bred early-maturing sorghum hybrid Jinza No.3 and male sterile line "1 17A", which played a certain role in developing summer sown grain production. In terms of breeding methods, he paid great attention to absorbing advanced technology and selecting new experimental materials to continuously improve the breeding level. 1965, after returning from an investigation in Romania, wrote the article "Overview of the Development of Hybrid Sorghum in Romania", and put forward that China should pay attention to the utilization of heterosis of sorghum, which was approved and supported by the leaders of the Ministry of Agriculture, thus promoting the rapid development of hybrid sorghum in China. 1979, he introduced a newly bred sorghum male sterile line "T×622A" from the United States, and decided to introduce and identify it directly, and personally went to Hainan Island to conduct cross breeding and yield identification. At the same time, the sterile line seeds will be distributed to all sorghum breeding units in the province to carry out collaborative research. After a series of experimental studies, he pointed out that "T×622A" is an excellent sterile line, which can replace "T×3 197A" which has been used for many years as the main sterile line in spring sowing late-maturing sorghum areas. Under his guidance, various sorghum breeding units in Liaoning Province have successively bred a number of new hybrids such as Liaoning 1, Shenza No.3, Tieza No.7 and Jinza No.4.. He led and presided over the research and pilot test of high-yield cultivation techniques of these new hybrids in time, so that they were popularized in Liaoning and surrounding provinces at the rate of expanding hundreds of thousands of acres every year, and quickly replaced the original hybrids, which made the sorghum yield and seed production in Liaoning Province increase to the first place in the country.

Cultivation research and extension

Summarize the experience of high-yield cultivation

As early as the mid-1950s, he actively summarized the high-yield cultivation experience of model workers and compiled the systematic technical data, which not only guided the sorghum production at that time, but also left valuable technical documents for future generations. In the early 1960s, the State Council's leading comrades instructed to carry out scientific experiments on sorghum demonstration fields centered on creating high yield in southern Liaoning plain, with Qiao Kuiduo in charge of technical work. He went to the front line in person, and together with professionals in crop cultivation and breeding, soil and fertilizer, plant protection, irrigation and water conservancy, agricultural machinery, agricultural economy and so on, he transformed agricultural technology into productivity through the practice of high-yield fields, experimental fields and farming. 1964,1615,000 mu of sorghum demonstration fields, with an average yield of 26 1.5 kg per mu, setting the first record for high yield of sorghum in China. Then, the data accumulated by them are sorted out and analyzed, and a set of sorghum high-yield cultivation technology system is summarized, which combines theory, system and practicality to guide future production practice. Therefore, it was well received by leading comrades in the State Council at that time.

He presided over the compilation of "Sorghum Cultivation in China"

In the early 1980s, Qiao Kuiduo presided over the compilation of "Sorghum Cultivation in China". He emphasized that traditional cultivation techniques should be based on scientific theory, combine the production experience of the masses with the experimental results of scientists, and combine foreign advanced technology with domestic advanced technology to improve the scientific and practical nature of the book. In addition to personally writing relevant chapters, he also reviewed, revised and supplemented the main viewpoints, contents and arguments of the book, striving to be rich in content, informative, clear in expression and concise in words. Published by Agricultural Publishing House, this book systematically summarizes the main achievements of scientific research on sorghum cultivation in China in the past 40 years and the technical experience and procedures of planting sorghum in different ecological areas. It also reveals the biological basis and law of obtaining high yield. This is the first theoretical monograph on sorghum cultivation compiled by Chinese scientists, which fills the gap in China.

Write two monographs

Long-term and fruitful breeding practice has made Qiao Kuiduo pay more attention to the research of sorghum variety resources. He has always believed that the research of variety resources is the basis of breeding work. Doing a good job in the research of variety resources can not only accelerate the breeding of new varieties at present, but also leave valuable germplasm wealth for future generations. In the early 1960s, he set up a variety resource laboratory in the Crop Research Institute of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This is one of the earliest institutions specializing in the research of variety resources in China. He also specializes in the research of sorghum variety resources, making it gradually develop into a pillar discipline of breeding work. Before the Cultural Revolution, he set out to compile the Records of Sorghum Varieties in Northeast China, which was later enriched into the Records of Sorghum Varieties in China. 1974, he formally put forward the working principle of variety resources research, that is, "overall planning around sorghum breeding, unified technical standards, division of responsibilities and close cooperation", and then organized Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces to compile "China Sorghum Variety Record" (Volume I) for the first time, focusing on 384 representative varieties in three northeastern provinces. When the book was published in 1976, it organized Guanzhong 18 provinces, cities and districts to compile the China Sorghum Variety Record (Volume II), and introduced 664 representative sorghum varieties from 2/kloc-0 provinces, cities and autonomous regions except the above three provinces. In the process of compiling the records of sorghum varieties, he carefully checked and dealt with the problems of homophones, homophones and homophones among provinces in order to maintain diversity and avoid repetition. China Sorghum Variety Records (Vol.1 and Vol.2) were published by Agricultural Press in 1980 and 1983 respectively, with a total of130,000 words. On the basis of predecessors' research, this book divides Chinese sorghum cultivation, and expounds the historical development of sorghum variety types, cultivation characteristics and variety replacement in each cultivation area. The book won the first prize of the Ministry of Agriculture for Scientific and Technological Progress 1983. Later, he organized the comrades of the collaboration network to compile the Catalogue of Sorghum Variety Resources in China for agricultural workers' textual research and reference. This book is published by Agricultural Publishing House 1984, with a total of 800,000 words.

Resistance identification is an important part of variety breeding research. At the end of 1984, Qiao Kuiduo presided over the project of "Identification of Resistance to Diseases, Pests and Stress and Analysis of Grain Nutritional Quality", and found some special provenances for sorghum breeding. 1984 published the article "Review and Prospect of Sorghum Variety Resources Research in China", which is a preliminary summary of the research work on Sorghum Variety Resources in China. In view of his contribution to the research of sorghum variety resources, he was elected as an honorary member when 1988 China Crop Genetic Resources Research Association was established.

Good at organization and cooperation.

1969, 58-year-old Qiao Kuiduo and the young people who went to Hainan Island, Liaoning Province to breed "two miscellaneous" seeds worked in the seed-making fields under the scorching sun during the day, and at night lit oil lamps to teach the breeding team seed production techniques. In order to avoid the possible earthquake, the local people evacuated from the village one after another, but he put his life and death at risk, leaving a guardian experimental field and a seed field. He is 67 years old. In order to find out the distribution of sorghum variety resources in Xinjiang, he went to the field in person regardless of the danger of high blood pressure and heart attack. The aftershocks of the Tangshan earthquake didn't stop, but he was alone in the basement of a guest house in Beijing to revise the manuscript of China Sorghum Variety Records.

He is meticulous and responsible for scientific research. In order to find out the similarities and differences between "Daqingmi" (red bee) and "Daqingliang" (Ningcheng), he braved the high temperature of 34℃ to walk more than 20 miles, conducted a field investigation on the origin of one of the varieties, and finally identified them clearly. When he was the editor-in-chief of China Sorghum Variety Records, he checked and revised every sample word by word until it reached the publishing standard. When guiding the research of sorghum isoenzyme, he checked every deviation one by one, and redone the abnormal ones until they were qualified. He has always stressed that only by setting up more experimental sites and conducting repeated research can we draw more reliable conclusions by relying on a large number of accurate data.

He attaches importance to and is good at organizing cooperative research. He believes that most agricultural scientific research achievements are the crystallization of collective labor, and only by giving full play to the intelligence of each member of the collective can we make new breakthroughs. He is familiar with all kinds of sorghum researchers through various channels, and organizes them to carry out cooperative research whenever he has the opportunity. Many of their scientific research tasks are accomplished in cooperation, and most of their works are also compiled collectively. He is sincere to every colleague, regardless of age, seniority and experience, and very modest. He tried to listen to and respect their opinions and reached a consensus through discussion and research. He is approachable and amiable. He not only cares about other people's work, study and promotion, but also talks about family life, children's education and other issues from time to time, giving people a feeling of being trustworthy and dependent. He never cares about personal gains and losses, and often attributes honors and rewards to his collaborators, so that everyone who cooperates with him can get due evaluation and due status. He is not only a knowledgeable scholar, but also an amiable elder.

Social assessment

1985 After his retirement, he devoted himself to sorghum research and participated in technical guidance at home and abroad within his power, although he suffered from recurrent heart disease every year and the loss of his wife. Since 1986, he has been seriously guiding the compilation of the book "Continued Sorghum Variety Resources Catalogue in China" and continuously exerting his light and heat. He is like a red sorghum standing in the autumn field, producing dazzling fat and full harvest fruit, which complements the afterglow of the sunset.