[Date: March 30, 2007 Source: Author:]
Editor's Note: Professor Huang, academician of China Academy of Sciences, honorary chairman of the Chinese Geographical Society and honorary director of the Institute of Geography of China Academy of Sciences, is a famous geographer in China. He is also a member of the Romanian Academy of Sciences, a member of the American Geographical Society, an honorary correspondent of the Royal Geographical Society and a consultant of the International Mountain Society. 1996 won the Special Honor Award of the International Geographical Union, and 1997 won the He Liang Heli Scientific Progress Award. His research results have had a far-reaching impact at home and abroad. In order to commemorate Mr. Huang's outstanding contribution to geography in China, Professor Niu, Mr. Huang's first graduate student, is specially invited to write this article.
I read the biography of Mr. Wu Liu when I was young. For those who are "quiet and don't care about glory" or even "don't care about poverty * or wealth", I always yearn for it and silently regard it as a model of life. Dragon, however, has the honor of studying under Professor Huang. After more than 30 years, his knowledge, demeanor, morality and articles have gradually activated, clarified and highlighted the shadow that I have always admired.
Mr. Huang was born in Huizhou, Guangdong on February 2003 1965438+3. The 1920s was an era of shame for the Chinese nation. Warlords scuffle, the invasion of foreign powers, people's livelihood is increasingly depressed, and mountains and rivers are at stake. A young man who has just emerged is intelligent, precocious, wise, full of sense of justice, and his immature mind bears heavy pressure prematurely, leaving an indelible mark in his life. Guangdong is the birthplace of the revolution in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, where various ideas gather. Huizhou is adjacent to Hong Kong. Liao, Deng, Ye Ting and other national elites were born and raised in Huizhou, and played the strong voice of that era with the general public. At the age of eight, although he didn't know much about the world, he also received the heavy word "sense of responsibility". At school, he listened to the teacher read, "The Chinese emperor is going to be a slave; I can't help crying, and I can't help myself. A little longer, the feat of the Northern Expedition of the National Revolutionary Army and the grand song of "overthrowing warlords and removing power" have already made him extremely excited. Although nearly 70 years have passed, whenever I recall, I can still recount the past one by one.
Mr. Huang entered a private school before the age of 12, and learned a lot of the essence of ancient China culture, especially the influence he received at his uncle's house, which influenced his life. His uncle followed Kang Youwei in his early years and advocated reform and reform. The Reform Movement of 1898 was a complete failure, so he lived in seclusion in his hometown, loved mountains and rivers, and was older than Lin Quan. As an upright man, he hates the darkness of society and doesn't want to sink into the world. He often teaches his nephew many righteous works to express his feelings of "not being a prince, being a noble" and "forgetting gains and losses, even dying". The blending of these cultures cannot but have a great influence on Huang's world outlook. After more than half a century, Mr. Huang concluded by writing with deep feelings: "The hermit's thoughts have both positive factors and negative contents. It is a good medicine for those who pursue fame and fortune; It may have a utilitarian negative effect on the motherland and mankind. For the sake of our motherland and mankind, sometimes we may have to follow Yi Yin's example and make progress in dealing with chaos. ..... The influence of seclusion thought has also had a great impact on my geographical work for more than 60 years. "
Mr. Huang is famous for his filial piety in the village. Due to the decline of his family, he deeply felt the concern of insufficient food and clothing. When he was about to choose a career, although he knew that he could find a high-paying "iron rice bowl" by working in foreign-controlled institutions (such as post office and customs), he resolutely gave up the wealth he enjoyed under the wings of foreigners. At that time, he learned from the newspaper that all kinds of foreigners explored in China and went deep into the hinterland of the northwest and southwest, but few people in China were able to take part in these explorations themselves. In his view, this anti-customer-oriented phenomenon is really a shame for China people. He said in his self-report (1992): "This is a new gold medal. He is unrestrained. In two years, he jumped five grades and was admitted to the Science Fund of Sun Yat-sen University. " Then, when deciding whether to study chemistry or geography for life, although he could not understand the connotation of modern geography, he felt that the descendants of the Chinese nation could not conduct in-depth research on the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, so he walked into the door of geography without hesitation. As an excellent student, he resolutely became attached to geography, with both the feelings of devotees and the tragic feelings of soldiers. Only when the personal injustice is linked with the rise and fall of the country, it often creates a persistent life. From the age of 17, he devoted himself to geography research in Sun Yat-sen University, and he worked in this garden until the day before his death.
China's modern geography didn't start early. The Department of Geography of Sun Yat-sen University is one of the pioneer bases for systematically teaching western geographical thoughts. From 65438 to 0929, the Department of Geography of CUHK hired Professor Wilhelm Kleiner from Germany, the hometown of modern geography, as the department head, and then hired Professor Wilvergang Biansha to take over as the department head. At the same time, several other prestigious professors in the international geography field were invited to transplant the western geography system. As we all know, Germany is the birthplace of modern geography. Humboldt, Ritter and many other talented masters have amazed many researchers in the history of geography and are known as "the majestic mountains in the history of science". Mr. Huang engaged in the research of scientific geography in this system, and suddenly entered the forefront of contemporary geography, and took root in this deep fertile soil of China.
The scientific geography presented to Mr. Wang is not only a comprehensive subject, but also a very difficult one. If you are not careful, you will either fall into a floating mud pit or fall into a confused situation where you can only see the trees but not the forest. It is definitely not the "chic" that ordinary people look down on geography and look down on geography. So not many people can really understand the true meaning of geography. Moreover, after experiencing the multiple twists and turns of "confusion-sobriety, and then confusion-sobriety", it usually takes a lifetime or even generations to understand its connotation and extension, so as to realize the phoenix-like surprise: geography is such a colorful world.
In the geography department of Sun Yat-sen University, he listened attentively, read eagerly and studied hard, and gradually realized that to understand the laws of geography, we must rely on the discovery of geographical facts, the comparison of geographical contents and the development of geographical experiments. You have to accumulate knowledge of all branches of geography; It is tantamount to cooking without rice to learn from the successful experience of neighboring disciplines to understand geographical integration. At school, he took or participated in many courses in geology and biology, and dabbled in mineralogy, paleontology and zoology. Being suspicious of some of the views of the German professor, he taught himself simple advanced mathematics. From studying climatology, I think of the importance of geographical positioning experimental research; He once had a preference for geomorphology, which pushed him to master the knowledge of geotectonics, internal mechanics and pedology. He studied the "three levels and six orders" in human geography, became interested in settlement geography, and then had a clear understanding of population statistics and human influence. In order to get more first-hand information, he paid special attention to field trips. At that time, the geography department of CUHK had a field trip every two weeks. Mr. Huang was weak and went to Baiyun Mountain with German professor Kretner for the first time. Not far away, he was exhausted and blue, and took a long rest before continuing. However, he was killed. After a year of training, he "has been able to take risks and never learn from others". It is through strict intellectual training and physical training that he not only broadened his knowledge structure, but also gained a strong physique during his four-year college life, laying a solid foundation for engaging in geographical research. He himself said: "After four years of study, I know that geography and physical geography are buildings to be built. At the beginning of the grass, I found that the materials were incomplete and the clouds fell, and I still need to work hard. "
His graduation thesis "Terrain between West Lake and Copper Lake in Huizhou" was highly praised by Professor Bian Sha for its detailed investigation, thorough reasoning and accurate analysis, and the conclusion was correct, ranking first in the hospital for four years. Won the Gold Award for Excellence and Rockefeller Foundation Scholarship.
Comprehensive understanding of geographical areas, objective arrangement of geographical structure, differentiation law of geographical space and oscillation rhythm of geographical process have always been the basic goals pursued by geography. As an important geographical power in the world, China is located on the east side of Eurasia, the largest land on earth, and on the west side of Pacific Ocean, the largest ocean on earth. It happens to be sandwiched between "two active zones" on the earth, and its natural environment is very complicated. It is not easy to correctly understand the geographical characteristics and regional differentiation characteristics of China, which requires a solid geographical theoretical foundation, detailed and organized information and correctness. Mr. Huang's talent and diligence enable him to be competent for this arduous task. Whether studying at school or working in society, he always carries this complicated "cross" and keeps moving forward.
During the period of 1934, Mr. Huang was recommended by Professor He Yanxuan and Professor Bian Sha to enter the Beiping Geological Survey Institute of the School of Science of Sun Yat-sen University, and he performed best among the current graduates. Richthofen, a famous German scholar, once thought that the southern coast of China was sinking and the northern coast was rising after visiting China, which made Chinese and foreign scientists always convinced. On the basis of his own investigation and comparison in many aspects, young Huang challenged this world-class authority and thought this conclusion was wrong. Mr Weng, one of the pioneers of geosciences in China, encouraged the young scientist to visit the coastal landforms in Shandong. So he went to Shandong, and made strict observation records on Beipi near Rongcheng, several parallel sandbanks along Rizhao coast, and Xiaoguo gorge on Zhifu Island. Finally, he came to the conclusion that the coast of Shandong was not rising but sinking. The report of the first investigation was published in the Natural Science Quarterly of Sun Yat-sen University. Professor Hong Siqi immediately published a book review in Ta Kung Pao, praising and encouraging it, and was deeply proud of the insights of China scholars on major issues.
Mr. Huang's thinking is clear, and his logic is obvious, such as his handwriting and his words are huge. He thinks that he is not good at rhetoric, and that "replacing words with words" is self-commitment. Generally speaking, the truth in the world is the same. If you are eloquent, if you don't have real talent and learning, you can only win with an empty stomach. Although Mr. Huang thinks that his eloquence is not good, because the content is true and the reason is simple, the listener is still very rewarding. At an annual meeting in geological society of china, when discussing the North China coast with Glip, he stated his views, which were endorsed by Mr. Ding Wenjiang, then president of Academia Sinica. As one of the most important geologists at that time, the book Geology of China, co-edited by Mr. Ding and Weng and Zeng Shiying, has not been published for a long time. He is going to compile a long edition of China Geography and write a short edition of China Geography in high school. I listened to Huang's speech at the meeting and asked Mr. Huang to take part in the next day's work. This is indeed a meaningful cultural project. As we all know, in the mid-1930s, not only were there few geographic data that could really be used, but also the details were very different, and the caliber was different in region and time, so it was difficult to compare them. Huang knows that the task is arduous, but he is fearless and generous. He came to Nanjing in the autumn of 1935 and began another tortuous journey. At that time, he was only 22 years old.
The first step in compiling Geography of China is to make a careful investigation of Nanling. In our country, the traditional view is that Nanling is regarded as a "clear geographical boundary", as evidenced by poems such as "a plum blossom on the ridge, the south branch is warm and the north branch is cold". In all kinds of geographical writings at home and abroad, it is also inherited and used to it. According to the understanding at that time, the geographical boundary of the northern half of China is relatively clear and basically not controversial; There are many problems in the southern half. Mr. Ding Wenjiang pointed out that Nanling is the most important problem, and he asked Huang to solve it on the spot. Huang, who has always been conscientious in his work, spent nearly half a year traveling around Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces and made a detailed comparative analysis. He found that it is not enough to get the answer to the question only by judging the landform, but only by contacting natural factors such as climate, soil and vegetation can we comprehensively judge the nature of geographical areas. The final conclusion is that Nanling is only a watershed, not a mountain range, and should not be regarded as a natural geographical boundary. In this way, he embarked on the road of comprehensive analysis of the geographical characteristics of China from the actual investigation.
The monograph "Geography of China" (called "Long Edition" by Mr. Ding Wenjiang) is only two-thirds completed, which is worthy of the war of resistance. Books are boxed, institutions are moved, and field work cannot be carried out. The writing of the "long edition" was forced to drop out of school, and only one letter was completed by National Geographic in senior high school. In some preserved manuscripts, the fine print is dense, and although it has been repeatedly attacked by soldiers, the handwriting on yellowed paper is still legible. In that manuscript, there are abundant references, and the theory, data, structure, planning and even wording are very particular. Taking 1936' s Outline of Plant Geography of China as an example, with a total of 136 pages and more than 35,000 words, this paper discusses four basic parts, namely, China flora, human activities and natural plants, China flora and utilization of domestic plants. On the basis of full consideration of previous studies, China is divided into 26 flora for the first time and explained one by one. Today, I still deeply feel its academic value. This volume especially discusses the interference and destruction of natural vegetation by human beings. The book wrote: "When every value is noisy, the official residence will inevitably be destroyed; After the chaos, the refugees gradually returned to their hometown, and their living and gathering became more and more complicated, so they had to build houses to meet their needs. The government may build a large-scale project to beautify it, so it will need more wood, which will turn the former forest into a bare ridge. " Because of the pertinent analysis in this volume, Mr. Zhang Qiyun once published the part of plant division in the Journal of Historical Geography, which was highly praised by the academic circles.
When compiling Geography of China, Mr. Huang has always regarded the correct division of China's natural geographical areas as one of his goals, which is by no means an overnight achievement. Mr. Huang has developed the habit of reading widely since he was a student, and he has a valuable pioneering learning spirit. Taking this enterprising spirit as the warp and the organic connection between disciplines as the weft, he weaves the basic network of his understanding of geography, which is full of his diligent and enterprising characteristics. In his whole research work, a series of modern geographical connotations such as comprehensive viewpoint, comparative method, causal connection, practical significance and application value have been well reflected.
"There is no limit to learning the sea" is Mr. Huang's favorite motto, which fully shows his spirit of diligence, perseverance and perseverance on the academic road. In the early days of college, he preferred geomorphology, and the first paper he wrote in his life was "Geomorphology between West Lake and Tonghu Lake in Guangdong". In the third year of college, he became interested in climatology. After that, influenced by Wieseman, he studied plant geography systematically. At 1936, he felt that geography was not familiar with soil science at that time, so he taught soil geographers Thorpe and other colleagues in China to participate in soil surveys, collected soil data published abroad in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China and other places, and re-compiled the national soil map, which not only filled the gaps in the soil map of China compiled by the Soil Research Office of the former Geological Survey (the above provinces were not included in the map), but also discussed the contents and methods adopted. It is this extensive dabbling and in-depth discussion that enabled him to gradually discover the true meaning of the formation and structure of China's natural geographical regions, and laid the foundation for his study of China's comprehensive natural zoning.
Mr. Huang 1984+00 delivered an important speech during his visit to Japan in June: "Geologists all know that the division of different scales is a means to understand' land'. According to the order of cognition, it is natural to divide first. " This explains why he attaches great importance to the study of geographical division, and will understand why this kind of research runs through his scientific activities for more than half a century. In the unfinished manuscript of Geography of China, he has systematically divided all natural elements into national divisions, which is undoubtedly a great contribution to objectively understanding the geographical characteristics of China. China's rivers division, China climate division, China landform division, China soil division, China vegetation division and China comprehensive natural division have been completed successively. Some of the above divisions were first put forward by him and others were made by predecessors, but he redefined them according to a comprehensive point of view. Taking "China Climate Regionalization" as an example, Mr. Zhu Kezhen and Mr. Tu have already done it, but the single factor considered, especially the interaction of landform, vegetation and soil, led to the division of Yunnan and Guizhou into one unit. In view of this, Mr. Huang made some major changes in the article Climate Regionalization of China, and divided the original Yunnan-Guizhou region into two different regions. His views not only attracted people's attention at that time, but also were highly praised by the original author of Climate Division. Mr. Tu strongly advocates that his papers be made public and published in the publications of the Historical Geography Education Research Office of Zhejiang University, as a family statement, which confirms each other for scientific development. Scientists' spirit of seeking truth from facts and their attitude of learning from each other were all told stories for a time.
In 1930s, Mr. Huang correctly outlined the rudiment of comprehensive natural zoning in China, and clearly separated the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a large area, which was similar to the large-scale natural zoning project organized in the period of 1957- 1959. After 1949, under the leadership of Zhu Kezhen and Huang, a group of Soviet experts were hired as consultants to carry out the overall study of natural zoning in China. Professor Samoilov, who is the general consultant in China, introduced some good experiences and ideas on the principles and methods of zoning, but his understanding of China's natural geographical features is far less profound than that of China scholars, so that his specific suggestions are unreasonable. On the basis of many years' practice, Mr. Huang overthrew Professor Samoilov's consistent view with sufficient arguments.
Due to Mr. Huang's great contribution to the study of China's natural zoning and the great influence of China's natural zoning in the world, Romanian Academy of Sciences awarded him the title of honorary correspondent on 1964 in recognition of his fruitful research work in the geographical cause of China. These achievements include his research on soil erosion in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, his contribution to the first natural atlas in China, his advocacy of experimental geography in China, his discussion on the new direction of modern geography research, his pursuit of agricultural production potential research, his design and leadership of the first study on heat and water balance in China, and his organization for the development of geography in China.
1990, on the 40th anniversary of the publication of Geographical Knowledge, he wrote two profound words in a fluent cursive style: "Swim on the pillow, swim to the fundus, and the aftertaste of the book is on the chest". This honest man who takes books as his friend, companion and food has been wandering in the sea of books for decades, enjoying himself and being a good person. People say that he came to this world for the country, the nation and mankind. From small to large, he has always integrated this kind of integrity and thought into the career he loves.
As a scientist, Mr. Huang has always attached importance to the unity of theory and practice. At the beginning of the founding of New China, Mr. Zhu Kezhen, Vice President of China Academy of Sciences, appointed him as the director of the Institute of Geography. In this position, he clearly put forward three major tasks: 1. Study on soil erosion in shanshan valley in the middle reaches of the yellow river. He linked the middle, upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River, he linked soil and water conservation with the Yellow River management, he linked the Loess Plateau with the North China Plain, and he linked the safety of the Yellow River with the national economy and people's livelihood, showing great foresight. 2. Utilization of southern mountainous areas. He knows the pressure of population in China, the preciousness of land resources, the potential of mountain utilization and, of course, the responsibility of a scientist. 3. Site selection. This is a good place for geographers to apply the theory of spatial differentiation to serve the national economic construction. From a more general inference, it is also a reasonable continuation of his "saving the country by science". The above three tasks, involving environment, agriculture and industry, have been tested for more than 40 years, which shows that they are very far-sighted. Until today, they are still an important topic in the in-depth study of geography.
I advise you not to carve stubborn stones, the population on the road is like a monument. Anyone who has had contact with Mr. Huang knows his career and personality very well. For more than 80 years, his life is almost boring, but his world is extremely colorful; His requirements are few and far between, but his contribution cannot be calculated by the number of cars loaded; He doesn't talk much, but his image hardly needs people to say much. He is vigorous and resolute, and no one will believe that he is an 80-year-old man. He didn't directly tell me his views on the future development of geography, but I think he may be able to express it in his own words: "Geography has always been a bridge between natural science and social science, and it studies nature without separating from the natural foundation to study social economy", that is, he will continue to apply the theory of geography to better serve the national economy and people's livelihood, and perhaps his answer will be summarized!
Resume and life
19 13 February 1 Born in Huiyang, Guangdong (now Huizhou).
1928 was admitted to the preparatory course of Sun Yat-sen University, and 1930 was promoted to the undergraduate course of Sun Yat-sen University. 1934 graduated with honors and won an excellent gold medal.
1934- 1935 won a scholarship from Rockefeller Cultural and Educational Foundation to study the Shandong coast in Beiping Geological Survey, put forward evidence of coastal subsidence, and revised F.vonRichthofen's argument that the coast north of the Yangtze River in China is rising.
1935 to 1938 At the invitation of Mr. Ding Wenjiang and Mr. Weng, Geography of China (Dragon) and Geography of China in Senior High School were compiled in the Institute of Geological Survey.
1938 ——1942 Lecturer and Associate Professor, Department of Historical Geography, Zhejiang University.
1942 to 1949, successively served as Commissioner, distinguished member, chief technical officer and research member in the Economic Research Institute of the Resources Committee. To undertake and preside over the tasks of utilization and protection of natural resources in China, planning reservoir investigation, multi-objective basin planning of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River and the lower reaches of the Yellow River.
1949 to 1953, successively served as deputy director of Nanjing Production and Construction Research Committee, deputy director of Industrial Economics Research Institute of East China Ministry of Industry, head of industrial and mining census group of East China Finance and Economics Committee, and deputy director of capital construction department. /kloc-in the summer of 0/950, he also served as the deputy director of the preparatory office of the Institute of Geography, China Academy of Sciences. 65438-0953 transferred to the Institute of Geography, and served as researcher, acting director, director and honorary director.
1955 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
1950, served as deputy director of the working committee of natural zoning of China Academy of Sciences, and deputy director of the National Atlas Compilation Committee. Deputy Director of China Physical Geography Editorial Committee. He has served as vice chairman (1956- 1979), chairman (199 1 year), honorary chairman (19 1-) of the Chinese Geographical Society for a long time, and has served as the "Geography"
1964 was awarded honorary communication academician of Romanian Academy of Sciences (later changed to academician). 1979 was elected as a member of the American Geographical Society, 1980 was awarded as an honorary correspondent member of the Royal Society, and 1980 was hired as a consultant of the International Mountain Society.
Huang is a member of the Third China People's Political Consultative Conference, a deputy to the Third, Fifth and Sixth National People's Congress, and a member of the Fifth the NPC Standing Committee.
During the development of modern geography in China, Huang paid close attention to the trends and trends of international research according to the characteristics and laws of the disciplines, advocated interdisciplinary crossing and infiltration, emphasized comprehensive research, actively introduced new ideas, new technologies and new methods, attached importance to the combination of theory and practice, and emphasized serving economic construction, especially agricultural production.
Since 1950s, Huang has carried out and guided many comprehensive studies on physical geography, such as natural zoning in China, soil and water conservation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, water conservancy and agriculture in North China, improving sustainable productivity of sloping land, global environmental change and regional sustainable development strategy. His main contributions can be summarized as follows:
Huang's research on China's natural zoning began in the late 1930s. The Flora of China and Climate Zone of China published in the 1940s were of pioneering significance in the early departmental zoning of China. The first draft of comprehensive natural zoning in China, edited by 1959, is the most detailed and systematic monograph on national natural zoning in China, and no similar works have been seen at home and abroad so far. China's natural environment is extremely complex, and it is difficult to objectively identify the zonality law under the influence of many factors. Huang's monograph reveals and affirms the universal existence of zonality law, which is a major historical breakthrough in the study of natural regional differentiation law in China. In 1960s and 1980s, he simplified and revised the original scheme, which was more convenient for application. He emphasized that regional units should be understood as the whole of environment and natural resources and should be closely integrated with regional development. This research won the second prize of National Natural Science 1987. This achievement has been widely used in agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, animal husbandry, military and other departments for decades.
As early as the second half of 1950s, Huang proposed the direction of comprehensive study of physical, chemical and biological processes on the surface. This is about 20 years earlier than the similar research on global environmental change in developed countries. Later, it was suggested that the theory and method of "natural production potential of farmland" should be put forward and developed around the experimental study of soil-plant-atmosphere system and its relationship. Huang pointed out the direction and road for the development of physical geography in China and influenced several generations of scholars in the field of physical geography in China.
Huang Yu completed the classification of soil erosion pattern in the middle reaches of the Yellow River for the first time in 1953, and compiled the first soil erosion zoning map in China. These works are still an important reference for the control of the Loess Plateau, and Huang's zoning plan and explanation are still adopted by the relevant plans compiled by the water conservancy department, laying a theoretical foundation for the control plan of the study of soil erosion law in China.
Huang attached great importance to the utilization and transformation of sloping land in eastern China, and pointed out that soil erosion and soil physical properties should be prevented and soil nutrient supply should not be reduced. Strategically speaking, the improvement and utilization of sloping land should focus on plant measures to maximize the sustainable productivity of sloping land or small watershed. The best way is to rely on fast-growing plants to kill insects and promote benefits, which points out the direction for the utilization and improvement of sloping land.
As a pioneer of global environmental change and earth system science research, Huang advocates repeatedly using bottom-up and top-down methods to observe climate change according to natural divisions, study the dangerous areas in global environmental change, and study the positive countermeasures and measures that China should take to deal with global warming in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and energy utilization. He pointed out that it is necessary for geography to study the regional sustainable development strategy suitable for China, with 50 years as the main target time, so as to promote the establishment of earth system science. In the earth system, we should focus on the terrestrial system and its extension and superposition with the atmosphere and ocean, and combine global environmental changes with regional environmental changes. These opinions have become the focus of recent research and work guides.
To sum up, Academician Huang has carried out and guided many comprehensive studies on physical geography in China since 1950s, and achieved remarkable results, which has promoted the study of physical geography in China, especially made great contributions. Many research results are still important reference materials for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, water and military departments, which play an important role in production practice, show strong vitality and have a far-reaching impact at home and abroad. Huang is a master of geography in China.