Basic education is an important part of the whole education system.
I. Overview of the development of basic education
Basic education in China includes preschool education, primary education and general secondary education.
Second, the management system of basic education.
Basic education is implemented under the macro guidance of the state, and local governments are mainly responsible for it, and it is managed at different levels. The Ministry of Education is responsible for formulating laws, principles and policies on basic education, overall development planning and basic academic system; Set up a special fund to support poor areas, ethnic minority areas and normal education; Supervise and guide the work of local education departments.
The provincial government is responsible for the implementation of basic education in the region, including formulating the development plan of basic education in the region and the teaching plan of primary and secondary schools, and organizing the evaluation and acceptance of compulsory education in the region; Establish special funds to subsidize poverty-stricken areas and ethnic minority areas, and give subsidies to areas with county-level financial education funds.
The county (city, district) government has the main responsibility in organizing and implementing compulsory education, including overall management of education funds, deployment and management of primary and secondary school principals and teachers, and guidance of primary and secondary school education and teaching.
Township governments are responsible for the implementation of compulsory education in their respective jurisdictions.
Vocational education refers to the education that guides the educated to acquire the professional knowledge, skills and professional ethics needed by a certain occupation or productive labor.
Vocational school education is academic vocational education, which is divided into primary vocational school education, secondary vocational school education and higher vocational school education.
Vocational education refers to the education that guides the educated to acquire the professional knowledge, skills and professional ethics needed by a certain occupation or productive labor.
Such as pre-job training for employees, re-employment training for laid-off workers, vocational high schools, technical secondary schools, technical schools and other vocational schools. All belong to vocational education.
Vocational training
Vocational training is an educational and training activity aimed at developing and improving workers' vocational skills according to the requirements of occupation or work. It is a non-academic short-term vocational education. There are many forms of vocational training. At present, China's vocational training includes pre-job training, job transfer training, apprenticeship training, on-the-job training, job transfer training and other vocational training. Vocational training can be divided into primary, intermediate and advanced vocational training according to the actual situation.
The basic conditions for running a vocational school are an important guarantee to ensure the quality of vocational education. The Vocational Education Law stipulates that the establishment of a vocational school must meet the following basic conditions:
1. Have an organization and articles of association. Vocational school organization refers to the management institutions such as decision-making institutions, executive institutions and supervision institutions within vocational schools, which is the necessary guarantee for the operation of vocational schools. The articles of association of vocational schools refer to the self-discipline documents independently concluded by vocational schools to regulate the management and teaching activities of vocational schools. It is the basic basis for vocational schools to implement independent management, which generally includes the name of the school, the purpose of running a school, the policy of running a school, the internal management system, the democratic management and supervision system for faculty and students, the financial system, the personnel management system, the organizers, and the procedures for amending the articles of association.
2. Have qualified teachers. Teachers are professionals who perform their educational and teaching duties. The quantity and quality of teachers is a fundamental issue directly related to the scale and speed of vocational education development and the quality of personnel training. Teachers in vocational schools should have legal teacher qualifications. In addition, the Vocational Education Law stipulates that vocational schools and vocational training institutions may employ technicians, personnel with special skills and teachers from other educational institutions as part-time teachers.
3. There are teaching places that meet the prescribed standards and facilities and equipment that are suitable for vocational education. To run a vocational school, it is necessary to have corresponding school buildings, venues, teaching instruments, equipment, books and materials, which are the hardware facilities for running a vocational school. Because vocational schools focus on cultivating students' production skills, they need facilities and equipment suitable for vocational education, such as experimental instruments, equipment, specimens, models, factories, fields, shops and other practice bases corresponding to their majors.
4. There are necessary funds for running schools and stable sources of funds. The funds for running a school can come from financial allocations, self-owned funds or social donations. In short, vocational schools must have some start-up funds. At the same time, in order to ensure the development of vocational schools, there must be a stable source of funds, which can be government grants, enterprises, institutions or individuals using their own funds, or accepting social donations.