Question 1: What is the significance of the Reform Movement of 1898? The Reform Movement of 1898 refers to the bourgeois political reform carried out by the reformists headed by Kang Youwei through Emperor Guangxu in China during the Reform Movement of 1898 (1898). The main contents include: learning from the west, advocating science and culture, reforming the political and educational systems, and developing agriculture, industry and commerce. This shipment was strongly opposed by the old school headed by Empress Dowager Cixi. In September this year, Empress Dowager Cixi and others staged a coup, Guangxu was imprisoned, and the reformists Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao fled to France and Japan respectively. Six people, including Tan Sitong, were killed, and the political reform that lasted only 103 days finally failed. Therefore, the Reform Movement of 1898 is also called the Reform Movement of 1898.

Question 2: The content of the Reform Movement of 1898. Politically: advise courtiers to abandon the old and establish the new, implement the new policy, encourage officials and gentry to write books and stand up, and prohibit officials from blocking them; The imperial edict ordered provincial governors to recommend new policies to attack talents; Streamline the organization, reduce redundant staff, cancel the privilege of the flag bearer being supported by the state, and allow him to make a living by himself.

2. Economically, Shi Jing established Railway Mining Bureau and General Administration of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce to protect the development of agriculture, industry and commerce; Reward inventions; Reforming finance and compiling national budget final accounts; Cancel the post office and set up a post office.

3. Military aspect: Abolish green camp, refine the army and change to foreign exercises; Implement the conscription system; Add a navy.

4. Cultural education: Shi Jing University is set up, and primary and secondary schools are set up in various places to learn Chinese and Western arts; Abolish stereotyped writing, try strategic theory instead, and offer special economic courses; Set up a translation bureau to translate foreign new books; Allow the establishment of newspapers and associations; Send people abroad to study and travel.

Question 3: What was the Reform Movement of 1898?

(1) background:

In the 24th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1898, 1898), the bourgeois reform movement represented by Kang Youwei launched the bourgeois political reform movement.

After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the national crisis was unprecedented and national capitalism was initially developed. On behalf of the political demands of the upper class of the national bourgeoisie and enlightened gentry, the reformists headed by Kang Youwei took to the historical stage, and advocated bourgeois transformation of China's traditional politics, economy, ideology and culture, leading China to the capitalist development path, so as to save the national crisis and make the country rich and strong. Kang Youwei (1858D 1927), formerly known as Zuyi, was named Guangsha with a long name. People from Nanhai, Guangdong. Landlord bureaucrat family background. 18 years old, educated by Zhu Ciqi, a famous Confucian in Jiangnan, but not confined to the teacher. He can think independently, likes Lu (Xiangshan) and Wang (Yangming), but can't afford to leave (,). 265,438+0 years old, traveled to Hong Kong and got in touch with western capitalist civilization. He believed that "westerners should not treat the past as a rule", bought western books and advocated western learning, and embarked on the road of exploring the truth of saving the country from the west. When the Sino-French War broke out in the tenth year of Guangxu, he witnessed the foreign aggression and corruption of the Qing court, which greatly inspired the idea of reform and political reform. /kloc-in 0/4, he took the opportunity of taking the provincial examination in Shuntian, Beijing, and wrote to the Qing emperor for the first time, proposing three strategies of "turning into law, understanding the situation, and being cautious", asking Guangxu emperor to respect your dignity, blame himself, and seek to cure it by words. At that time, the die-hards held and blocked the state affairs, which was difficult to achieve and was crazy about it. Kang realized that it was not time for reform, so he returned to the south. Since the spring of 17, a 10,000-acre thatched cottage has been set up in Guangzhou to train talents for the reform and reform. Disciple Liang Qichao and others. In the spring of the 21st year, Kang went to Beijing to take the exam, which coincided with the defeat of the Qing Dynasty in the Sino-Japanese War and the signing of the treaty of shimonoseki, which was an unprecedented national humiliation. When the news reached Beijing, the candidates were furious and rushed to tell each other. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao contacted 1300 people 18 provinces * * * Qing emperors, opposed the signing of treaty of shimonoseki, and put forward "rejecting peace?" Move the capital? Training? The idea of political reform. Although the petition was rejected by the Qing court, its contents were copied and copied, which caused widespread influence in society. This petition marks that the bourgeois reformists have officially entered the historical stage, and the bourgeois reformist trend of thought that has been brewing for many years has begun to become a practical political movement. Since then, Kang Youwei has organized strong societies in Beijing, Shanghai and other places with the call of "strengthening the country through reform", published the Bulletin of the Nations (later changed to "Chinese and foreign magazines") and "Powerful Country Magazine", promoted the reform and reform, saved the nation from extinction, advocated western learning, and investigated the sources of strength and weakness of various countries, which reflected the reformists' admiration for western bourgeois democracy and was therefore hated by feudal die-hards. 2 1 at the end of the century, the powerful societies in Beijing and Shanghai were banned one after another, and Chinese and foreign periodicals and powerful periodicals were forced to stop publishing. However, the reform has become a trend of thought of the times, and it will not be silent because of the madness of feudal rulers. In 22 years, Liang Qichao and others founded The Times in Shanghai, and published important papers such as Liang Zhu's Political Reform. In twenty-three years, Yan Fu founded The Country in Tianjin, serializing important papers such as Evolution and Yuan Qiang translated by Yan. In twenty-four years, Tan Sitong and Tang founded Xiang Bao. These newspapers and periodicals use Darwin's theory of evolution as an ideological weapon, ringing the alarm of national peril, calling for "saving the nation from extinction" and discussing the necessity and rationality of political reform and reform; Exposing feudal autocracy is the root of China's weakness and backwardness, and vigorously advocating bourgeois civil rights thought; Criticizing the old feudal ideology and culture and vigorously promoting new learning have spread all over the country. At the same time, reformists organized societies and founded schools in various places. According to incomplete statistics, during the twenty-one to twenty-four years of Guangxu, the reformists founded more than 50 societies, schools, newspapers and periodicals, and published more than 30 kinds of newspapers and periodicals, which prepared public opinion and trained talents for the arrival of the Reform Movement. At that time, the Imperial Party was in a weak position in the struggle for the ruling power with the post-Party, and it was in urgent need of social support. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, some imperial parties gradually tended to reform, trying to use the reform talents and courage of the reformists to help Guangxu emperor seize the ruling power from the post-party through reform, so as to achieve the goal of saving the country and strengthening the country. At this time, the national bourgeoisie in China has not yet formed an independent political force, and the reformists are also eager to seek political support to win their support. Thus, after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the imperial party and the reformists gradually combined. The establishment of a strong society is the symbol of its combination.

In the winter of the 23rd year of Guangxu, the Germans occupied Jiaozhou Bay, and other imperialists followed suit, which set off a * * wave of occupying leased land and dividing up China's sphere of influence. China was facing the crisis of being carved up. Kang Youwei rushed to Beijing from the south again, and presented The First Emperor of Qing Dynasty on 1 1 2 (65438+February 5) that year >:>

Question 4: What was the mouthpiece of the Reform Movement of 1898? This seems to be a declaration.

Question 5: What is the guiding ideology of the Reform Movement of 1898?

Under the banner of "reform" and "reform", we hope to reform feudal autocracy, establish constitutional monarchy and develop capitalism through top-down social improvement.

Question 6: What was the content of the Reform Movement of 1898? The main contents of the Reform Movement of 1898: Politically, reform the administrative institutions, abolish the idle and overlapping institutions, and abolish the governors of Hubei, Guangdong and Yunnan. Eliminate redundant staff, clarify the management of officials, and advocate clean government; Advocate writing to the emperor; Allow the flag bearer to earn his own living and abolish his privilege of being supported by the state. Economically, protect and reward agriculture, industry, commerce and transportation. The central government has set up the General Administration of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce and the General Administration of Railways and Mines, and the provinces have set up commercial bureaus. Advocate the establishment of industry and reward inventions and creations; Attach importance to agricultural development, advocate reclamation in the west and establish new farms; Broaden postal services and build railways; Open business schools and business newspapers in big cities such as Shanghai and Hankou, and set up various chambers of commerce organizations; Reform finance and prepare the national budget and final accounts. On the military side, reduce old green camp and cultivate new troops; Adopt the western military system, practice foreign exercises, western guns and so on. In terms of culture and education, the Capital University Hall has been established, provincial colleges have been transformed into institutions of higher learning, and primary and secondary schools have been set up in various places; Advocate western learning, abolish stereotyped writing, change strategy theory and offer special courses in economics; Set up a translation bureau to translate foreign books and send people abroad to study; Reward new works, reward the establishment of newspapers and periodicals, and allow free organization of associations.

Question 7: What are the three names of the Reform Movement of 1898? Hundred Days Reform (1898)

The Reform Movement of 1898, also known as the Hundred Days Reform, was a short-lived political reform movement during the 24th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1June 8981-September 2 1). The reform was led by Emperor Guangxu and went deep into economy, education and education. However, in the later period, it was countered by Empress Dowager Cixi and the old school, and a coup was launched. The Reform Movement of 1898 didn't end until 103 (also known as "Hundred Days Reform"). The reformist leaders Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao escaped from China, many reformers were hunted down, Emperor Guangxu was placed under house arrest in Yingtai, and the empress dowager returned to power. The reform movement carried out by China reformists with the support of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty was changed from 65438 to 0898 (the year of the Reform Movement of 1898). Also known as the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Reform Movement of 1898.

Question 8: What was the proposition of the Reform Movement of 1898? Why do you make these claims? The Reform Movement of 1898, also known as the Reform Movement, refers to the bourgeois reformists who advocated the reform through Emperor Guangxu from June 65438 to February1September. Mainly put forward the following propositions:

1. Learn from the West and advocate science and culture.

2. Reform politics.

3. Reform the education system

4. Vigorously develop agriculture, industry and commerce.

Question 9: What was the nature of the Reform Movement of 1898? A top-down reform movement led by reformists and implemented by bourgeois rulers.