0 1. Shanghai needs more people. Why are so many people unwilling to have children? On the one hand, people have some misunderstandings about fertility. For example, in the eyes of many people, "having more children is more blessed" and "raising children to protect the elderly" were traditional concepts and social concepts, so people would be more inclined to have more children. But now, people's concept of fertility has changed a lot. In addition to social responsibilities and obligations, people pay more attention to the realization of personal values, taking into account the concept of carrying on the family line and the practical needs of family pension. On the other hand, it is because of the changes in China's population structure in recent years. In recent decades, the decline of the birth population in China is an obvious trend. Take 2020 as an example. In 2020, the national birth population17.23 million, a decrease of 630,000 compared with 20 19, with a reduction rate of 5.6%. Among them, the proportion of the 20-39 age group began to decline year by year after reaching its peak in 2005. At the same time, with the implementation of the universal two-child policy and the decline of fertility level, China's population will gradually decrease in the future, and the aging trend will further intensify.
02. Education and medical care are the biggest problems. Statistics show that in the past three years, the enrollment rate of children aged 0-6 in Shanghai was 86.2%, 86.8% and 92.2% respectively, and the enrollment rate of the first grade of primary school was 99.3%, 99.7% and 98. 1% respectively. In other words, Shanghai is close to the level of developed countries in education, but medical care is still a problem that plagues families. 1 The 13th Five-Year Plan for Children's Development in Shanghai, which was implemented in June, 20265438, pointed out that at present, the enrollment rate of children aged 0-6 years old reached 95.3%, among which the enrollment rate of preschool children reached 94.5%. This figure is still far from the goal of "health and well-being for all" advocated by the United Nations. According to statistics, from 20 1 1 to 2020, the enrollment rate of children aged 0-3 in Shanghai increased by 16 percentage points, while the enrollment rate of children aged 3-6 decreased by 10 percentage points. At the same time, the total number of infants aged 0-3 in Shanghai dropped from 3,058/kloc-0 in 2065,438+0 to 2,873,400 in 2026,5438+0. After the implementation of the "two-child policy", the number of children aged 0-6 in Shanghai has not increased.
03. The cost of childbirth is high, but it may not be affordable. In addition to economic pressure, Shanghai is also facing more birth costs. According to the data published by the National Bureau of Statistics, in 20 18, the average expenditure of residents on food, tobacco, clothing, housing, daily necessities and services was 1028 1 yuan, of which food, tobacco and wine accounted for 60.5%, and clothing accounted for15./kloc. Shanghai's consumption on these four items is 1.246 yuan, 1.072 yuan, 947 yuan and 363 yuan respectively. In other words, except for food, alcohol and tobacco, the consumption expenditure of Shanghai residents on housing and education is higher than the national average. In this context, many families are reluctant to have children. In addition, from 20 18 to 20 19, about 700,000 people in Shanghai were applying for welfare subsidies for two children and three children, but only 52,000 people successfully applied at one time. This means that nearly 70% of people can only choose to give up the welfare subsidies for two children and three children.
Therefore, many young people choose not to have children, and many people wait and see, hoping that the government can introduce more maternity subsidy policies.